Ascites ; Bacterial Infections ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Peritonitis ; microbiology ; Risk Factors

Objective To report a large family with an autosomal dominant dementia associated with mutation in the prion protein gene(PRNP)and the detailed clinical,neuroimaging and pathological manifestations.Methods Two patients from a large family of dementia were admitted to our ward and the data of their medical history,physical examination,video electroenceplialogram,neuroimaging were colleted.A sterotactic biopsy of the right frontal lobe of the proband was done.After the informed consent from the family members obtained,the genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of 5 persons followed by in,vitro amplification using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The PCR products were directly sequenced by Sanger method.PRNP gene sequence was also examined in 150 normal Chinese to exclude single nueleotide polymorphism.Results A missense mutation of PRNP gene in 5 farnily members was detected,resulting in Gll4V mutation in the prion protein,with M/M genotype of eodon 129.This mutation was not detected in 150 normal Chinese.The proband was diagnosed as inherited prion disease by her clinical features,including neuropsychiatrie disturbances and progressive dementia,and manifestations of neuroimaging,EEG,neuropathology and PRNP gene mutation.Conclusion The first autosomal dominant pedigree of family prion disease is found in China with G114V mutation in PRNP gene which may lead to the prion disease directly.

von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (vWF-cp) is a newly identified metalloproteinase. The activity of vWF-cp would vary in different physiological or pathological states. To explore activity detectron of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease and its clinical application, the vWF-cp activity was measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay to detect the residual collagen binding activity (R-CBA) of von Willebrand factor before and after digestion with vWF-cp. Moreover, its activity deficiency in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and solid tumors was also investigated. The results showed that the residual collagen binding assay was sensitive enough to measure the serum or plasma vWF-cp activity in 87 health individuals, 79 patients suffering from TTP and solid tumors. The coefficient of variation within and between the batches was were 3.60% and 8.35%, respectively. The serum and plasma vWF-cp activity in health individuals was (79.47 +/- 10.78)% (n = 53) and (78.79 +/- 9.17)% (n = 30), respectively, whereas the vWF-cp activity in patients with TTP, benign and malignant tumors was significantly decreased (P values were less than 0.001, 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that the vWF-cp activity in plasma or serum of patients with TTP and solid tumors markedly decrease, especially in patients with TTP. Assay of the vWF-cp activity using R-CBA is a simple method.
ADAM Proteins ; blood ; metabolism ; ADAMTS13 Protein ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clonal expansion of T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta subfamily T cells from cord blood induced by bcr3-abl2 peptide in vitro.

METHODST cells from 3 units of cord blood were amplified by anti-CD(3) monoclonal antibody (McAb) and IL-2 with or without synthetic b3a2 peptide. T cell specific cytotoxicity was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, TCR Vbeta subfamilies by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and genescan technique.

RESULTSbcr3-abl2 peptide specific cytotoxicity T cells were successfully induced from the 3 units of cord blood by synthetic b3a2 peptide. Compared with that in CD(3) McAb induced cells, distribution pattern of TCR Vbeta repertoire was different in T cells induced with b3a2 peptide. Oligoclonal and oligoclonal tendency TCR Vbeta subfamily T cells could be identified in cord blood T cells induced by b3a2 peptide in 1 or 2 weeks, whereas those induced by anti-CD(3) McAb and IL-2 were mostly polyclonal.

CONCLUSIONThe cytotoxicity T cells with anti-CML specificity could be induced by b3a2 peptide. The specific anti-CML cytotoxicity may be derived from the clonal expansion TCR Vbeta subfamily T cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; CD3 Complex ; immunology ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; pharmacology ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of PET in the identification of cervical nodal metastases of tongue cancer in comparison with CT/MRI and clinical palpation.

METHODSThirty-eight patients with tongue cancer underwent PET and CT/MRI within 2 weeks before surgery. The results of PET, CT/MRI, and clinical palpation were interpreted separately to assess the regional lymph node status, using histopathological analysis as the golden standard. The differences in the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy among the imaging modalities and clinical palpation were analyzed.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of PET for nodal metastasis identification was 11.1% higher than that of CT/MRI (83.3% vs 72.2%, P=0.423) and 16.6% higher than that of clinical palpation (83.3% vs 66.7%, P=0.248). The specificity of PET was 5% higher than that of CT/MRI (80% vs 75%, P=0.703) and 15% higher than that of clinical palpation (80% vs 65%, P=0.288). The accuracy of PET, CT/MRI, and clinical palpation in identifying cervical nodal metastases was 81.6%, 73.7% and 65.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET for detecting cervical nodal metastases are greater than those of CT/MRI and clinical palpation. Although the results failed to show statistically significant differences, we still recommend that PET be used as a supplementary modality for identifying nodal metastases of tongue cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tongue Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), in order to guide better clinical prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection. METHODS: The incidence of nosocomial infection, infection site, characteristics of pathogenic bacteria, drug sensitivity test results and infection risk factors of 472 non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2015 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 472 patients, 97 (20.6%) had nosocomial infection, mainly in the lower respiratory tract (41.2%), followed by oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, urogenital tract, and blood. A total of 71 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including Gram-negative (G CONCLUSION NHL patients show high nosocomial infection rate and lower respiratory tract infection is common. Hospital day, clinical stage, presence of bone marrow invasion, and neutrophil count in peripheral blood are independent risk factors.
Cross Infection/epidemiology* ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

This paper introduced the overview of the "eight trends" of Chinese medicinal materials(CMM) industry in 2021, analyzed the problems of CMM production, and put forward development suggestions. Specifically, "eight trends" could be summarized as follows.(1) The growing area of CMM tended to be stable, and some provinces began to release the local catalog of Dao-di herbs.(2) The protection process of new varieties accelerated, and a number of excellent varieties were bred.(3) The theory of ecological cultivation was further enriched, and the demonstration effect of ecological cultivation technology was prominent.(4) Some CMM realized complete mechanization and formed typical model cases.(5) The number of cultivation bases using the traceability platform increased, and provincial internet trading platforms were set up.(6) The construction of CMM industrial clusters accelerated, and the number of provincial-level regional brands increased rapidly.(7) Many new agricultural business entities were founded nationwide, and a variety of methods were used to drive the intensified development of CMM.(8) A number of local TCM laws were promulgated, and the management regulation of food and medicine homology substances catalogs was issued. On this basis, four suggestions for CMM production were proposed.(1) It is suggested to speed up the formulation of the national catalog of Dao-di herbs and carry out the certification of Dao-di herbs production bases.(2) Ecological planting of forest and grassland medicine should be further strengthened in terms of technical research and promotion based on the principle of ecological priority.(3) The basic work of disaster prevention should be paid more attention and technical measures for disaster mitigation should be developed.(4) The planted area of commonly used CMM should be incorporated into the national regular statistical system.
Agriculture ; Certification ; Commerce ; Industry ; China

This study steps through the future perspectives and gives the development suggestions of Chinese medicinal materials(CMM) industry by presenting the characteristics and open problems during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period. The development of CMM industry presents the following trends:(1)the development of Dao-di herbs speeds up with the increasing demand for high-quality CMM;(2)the mismatch between supply and demand is aggravating, which presses for supply-side structural reform;(3)ecological planting will become the core mode of production and bolster rural revitalization;(4)the demand for CMM with both medical and edible values keeps growing, and the antibiotic-free feed policy brings significant opportunities;(5)the "Internet Plus CMM" wave emerges, which promotes the construction of traceability system. Finally, we put forward the following suggestions for the sustainable development of CMM industry:(1)optimizing the layout for the production of Dao-di herbs according to local conditions;(2)strengthening the commercialization of the seeds and the breeding, multiplication, and extension of CMM to accelerate the realization of specialized seed production, mechanized seed processing, localized variety layout, and county-based unified seed supply;(3)ensuring the safety of pesticide use and accelerating the registration of special pesticides;(4)promoting both theoretical and practical research on ecological production of CMM;(5)publicizing the demonstration and popularization of CMM traceability system. Overall, significant progress has been achieved in the CMM industry during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, and this industry is in a critical stage of high-quality development, facing both challenges and opportunities.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Industry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Breeding

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mutation

Nitrogen fertilizer has been the long-lasting crucial component in cultivation of Chinese materia medica(CMM) and crops for its profound effects on enhancing the productivity. In consideration of its role in better production, intensive and excessive application of N fertilizer is often found in CMM cultivation. Therefore, firstly, this review summarized various concentrations of N application with regards to different CMM and districts from the literatures published in the last two decades. The recommended concentration of nitrogen application of forty seven CMM species were covered in this review. We found that the optimum rates of nitrogen fertili-zer for different medicinal plants species were varied in the range between 0-1 035.55 kg·hm~(-2). Most of the optimum rates of nitrogen fertilizer for CMM in published researches fell between 100-199 kg·hm~(-2). The optimum rate of nitrogen fertilizer is not only related to amount of nitrogen required for different medicinal plants but also to soil fertilities of different fields. In addition, we outlined the diffe-rent effects of proper and excessive nitrogen deposition on yield of CMM. Proper nitrogen deposition benefits the yield of CMM, howe-ver, excessive nitrogen use accounts for a decrease in CMM yield. We elucidated that nutritional content, water use efficiencies, and photosynthesis capacity were major influencing factors. Researches showed that proper nitrogen fertilizer could promote the water use efficiencies of plants and boost photosynthesis. Consequently, the yield of CMM can be enhanced after nitrogen deposition. However, negative effects of nitrogen fertilizer were also found on plant including producing toxic substances to the soil and causing severe pest damages. Lastly we analyzed the impact of N fertilizer application on secondary metabolites which accounts for a large part of active pharmaceutical ingredients of CMM. It usually caused an increase in nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites content and a decrease in non-nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites content respectively. The potential underlying mechanisms are the different synthetic pathways of these metabolites and the plant nutritional status. Synthesis of non-nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites like phenols can be inhibited after nitrogen application because of the competition of the same precursor substances between metabolites synthesis and plant growth. To sum up, impacts and mechanisms of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality enhancement of CMM were discussed in this review. Negative effects of excessive nitrogen application on CMM should be paid special attention in CMM cultivation and prescription fertilization based on the field soil quality is strongly recommended. Overall, this review aims to provides insights on improving the proper application of N fertilizer in the cultivation of CMM.
Agriculture ; China ; Fertilizers ; Materia Medica ; Nitrogen/analysis* ; Soil