OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Salvianolate on myosin heavy chain (MHC) in cardiomyocytes of congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.

METHODSSixty male SD rats were divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group (NCG), the model group, the Captopril group (CAG), the low dose Salvianolate group (LSG), the high dose Salvianolate group (HSG), the Captopril and high dose Salvianolate group (CSG), 10 in each group. CHF rat model was established with peritoneal injection of adriamycin in all rats except those in the NCG. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the NCG, once per week for 6 successive weeks. Corresponding medication was started from the 5th week of injecting adriamycin. Rats in the CAG were administered with Captopril solution at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the LSG and the HSG were administered with Salvianolate solution at the daily dose of 24.219 mg/kg and 48.438 mg/kg respectively by gastrogavage. Salvianolate was dissolved in 2 mL 5% glucose solution and administered by peritoneal injection. Rats in the CSG were peritoneally injected with high dose Salvianolate solution and administered with Captopril solution by gastrogavage. Two mL normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group, once per day for 8 successive weeks. Eight weeks later, the cardiac function and myocardial hypertrophy indices were detected by biological signal collecting and processing system. mRNA expression levels of alpha-MHC and beta-MHC in cardiac muscle were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Expressions of protein kinase C (PKC) in cardiac muscle were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, HMI and LVMI decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It was more obviously lowered in the CSG group than in the CAG group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCG, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle decreased, the mRNA expression level of p-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle was increased, and the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle were decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between the CSG group and the CAG group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalvianolate could up-regulate the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC, and down-regulate the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC in cardiac muscle. Its mechanism might be related to decreasing the expression of PKC.

Animals ; Captopril ; Doxorubicin ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The crude toxin was extracted from hypha and culture solution of Phyllosticta commelimecola through three different polarity solvent: benzinum, puncificatum ethyl acetate and chloroform. The result indicated that the toxin secreted by Phyllosticta commelimecola not only was in hypha but also in culture solution and the extracting effect of ethyl acetate was the best. The soybean median and PSK media can be respectively used as solid and liquid culture media to produce toxin and grow mycelium. The optimal cultural conditions for producing toxin were temperature 32℃,cultured period 14d, cultured ways shaking of 150r/min.

OBJECTIVETo prepare Form A and Form B of benazepril hydrochloride and to compare the differences in spectrums, thermodynamics and crystal structure between two polymorphic forms.

METHODSForm A and Form B of benazepril hydrochloride were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single crystal x-ray diffraction (SCXRD).

RESULTSPreparation method, crystal structure and polymorphic stability of Form A and Form B of benazepril hydrochloride were obtained. Based on the analysis of crystal structure of both polymorphs, Form A belonged to monoclone space group P2(1) with a=7.8655(4)Å, b= 11.7700(6)Å, c= 13.5560(7)Å, β= 102.9470(10)°, V=1223.07 (11)Å(3) and Z=2, while Form B belonged to orthorhombic space group P212121, with a=7.9353(8)Å, b=11.6654(11)Å, c=26.6453(16)Å, V=2466.5(4)Å(3) and Z=4. From the DSC and XRD results, Form B of benazepril hydrochloride could be transformed into Form A after heating treatment.

CONCLUSIONForm A and Form B of benazepril hydrochloride are both anhydrous and displayed different polymorphs due to different molecular configuration. Furthermore, Form A exhibits more stable than Form B at high temperatures.

Benzazepines ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Drug Stability ; Molecular Conformation

AIMTo investigate the mechanism of the interaction between montmorillonite and bacteria by studying the reactions of different charges of montmorillonites with bacteria.

METHODSBacteriostatic test: one loop of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 1 x 10(6).mL-1 was incubated to the plate culture medium containing different concentrations of montmorillonite, and incubated 24 h to observe the growth of bacteria. Bacterial adsorptive test: different amounts of montmorillonite were added into the artificially simulated intestinal solution (containing bacteria 1 x 10(7).mL-1). After the culture, the bacterial colonies were counted.

RESULTSThe results showed that montmorillonite per se showed no bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, but after exchange with metal ion and functional groups which inhibits bacteria, then it showed these activities. Adsorption was the main way between montmorillonite and bacteria. The special way of fixing bacteria into the "carriage" of montmorillonite gel which carry this structure was its pharmacological basis of curing diarrhea. The adsorption effect was related to layer charge density of the montmorillonites.

CONCLUSIONMontmorillonite showed adsorption ability of bacteria with minus related to its layer charge, but has no bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect.

Adsorption ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; pharmacology ; Bentonite ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study on growth characteristics of Curcuma wenyujin, and provide theoretical basis for the development of high-quality and high-yield medical material.

METHODThe morphological change of the plant was observed periodically, the content of volatile oil and dry matter in leaves, rhizome, root tuber was determine.

RESULTThe growth of C. wenyujin could be divided into 5 stages, i. e. seed germination, seedling, leaf growth, rhizome expansion, accumulation of dry matter, respectively. Before the stage of rhizome expansion, over 70% dry matter was accumulated in the aerial part of the plant, and during the stage of leaf growth, the maximum increase rate of dry matter in aerial part was 3.90 g/p/d. During the stage of rhizome expansion, the ratio of dry matter of rhizome increased quickly and reached above 33% , and the increase rate of dry matter of rhizome rise up to 3.83 g/p/d, in the end of the stage, the content of volatile oil in the rhizome also rose up to 1.20 mL x 100 g(-1).

CONCLUSIONDuring the whole growth stage, there are two growth centers, when the two curves of dry matter increase of aerial part and rhizome intersect, it is regarded as a signal that the growth transformed form the aerial part to rhizome. When the rate of dry matter from rhizome rise, the content of volatile oil in rhizome rises quickly with the increase of dry matter in rhizome. The optimal harvest time is in mid-December.

Curcuma ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies regarding femoral artery or radial artery approaches on coronary artery interventional therapies.Methods 360 patients were randomly divided into intervention group via femoral artery (TFI) or transradial coronary intervention (TRI) group.Postoperative observation on the two said groups of patients with vascular lesion characteristics,feasibility factors ( success rate of interventional therapy puncture,time of operation and hospitalization)and complications,were made.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups on the characteristics of vascular lesion (P＞0.05).Success rates of the two groups were 97.78％ and 96.67％ respectively.The differences on success rate,time of operation were not statistically significant (P＞0.05) while the average time of puncture,the mean duration of hospitalization and the rates of complications were significantly different ( P＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The two methods under comparison had similar success rate and feasibility.However,the complications related to radial artery interventional therapy were much less than the femoral artery interventional therapy.As having better safety,radial artery interventional therapv seemed to have applicable value on clinical oractice.

Objective To analyze the extent of myocardium and coronary artery lesion post trioventricular ring radiofrequency catheter ablation with different tip catheters.Methods Twenty-one healthy dogs were randomly divided into 64℃/50 W/100 s,64 ℃/100 W/100 s,45 ℃/45 W/100 s groups and ablated by 4 mm tip catheter,8 mm tip catheter and irrigated tip catheter respectively.Left atrioventrieular ring and right atrioventricular ring ablation were performed in all dogs.After ablation,myocardium lesion volume was calculated as 1/6π × length × width × depth.Histological examinations were performed at the myocardium tissue at ablation sites.Results The lesion depths post 8 mm tip catheter ablation (7.18 ± 1.72) mm and irrigated tip catheter ablation (7.99 ± 1.77) mm were similar and significantly deeper than that post 4 mm tip catheter ablation (4.54 ± 1.38) ram,P<0.01.Similar results were found in terms of lesion volume [(356.76 ± 94.44) mm3 post 8 mm tip catheter ablation,(391.69 ± 109.54)mm3 post irrigated tip catheter ablation and (191.34±74.52) mm3 post 4 mm tip catheter ablation].Five (5/42,11.9%) transmural myocardium necrosis and 8 (8/42,19%) coronary artery lesions were observed post ablations.Conclusion The extents of post ablation myoeardium and coronary artery lesion were significantly higher induced by 8 nun tip catheter and irrigate tip catheter compared those by 4 mm tip catheter.

Objective To evaluate cardio -pulmonary function and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) levels for chronic pulmonary heart disease treated by levocarnitine combined with Shenmai injection and study its mecha-nism.Methods A total of 110 patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease were randomly divided into treatment group ( n=55 ) and control group(n=55).Patients in two groups were treated by oxygen , relieving cough and asthma , cardio tonic , diuresis and expand blood.Patients in control group were given levocarnitine 3 g for 3 weeks , while patients in treatment group given Shenmai injection 100 mL for 3 weeks on the basis of control group.The cardio-pulmonary function improvement , changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-αlevels and incidence of adverse drug reactions were observed between the two groups.Results The improve-ment of forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) , forced vital ca-pacity ( FVC ) , FEV1/FVC, and pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP ) in treatment group were significantly better than those in control group after treatment ( P <0.01 ).E peak and Ve after treatment in two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment.A peak and Va after treatment in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment , and the changes in treatment group was more significant ( P <0.05 ).The serum IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αlevels after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment , and the decline in treatment group was more obvious than control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion Levocarnitine combined with Shenmai injection could significantly improve the cardio -pulmonary function for chronic pulmonary heart disease , reduce PAP, serum IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αlevels and suppress the inflammatory reaction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on cerebral free radical reactions after acute brain injury in rabbits.

METHODS30 healthy white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n=10), Group B (n=12) and Group C (n=8). The rabbits in Group A and Group B were injured by direct hit. At 0.5-4 hours after injury, the rabbits in Group A were injected with TRH (8 mg/kg body weight) through a vein and the rabbits in Group B were injected with normal saline of equal volume. The rabbits in Group C served as the normal control. Then all the rabbits were killed and brain tissues were obtained. The content of lipoperoxide (LPO), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the water content of the brain tissues were measured.

RESULTSThe contents of LPO and water in brain tissues in Group A were lower and the activity of SOD was higher than those of Group B (P<0.05). After injury, intracranial pressure (ICP) rose rapidly and continuously with time passing by. When TRH was given to the animals in Group A, the rising speed of ICP slowed down significantly.

CONCLUSIONSTRH can decrease the cerebral free radical reactions and cerebral edema after acute brain injury in rats.

Animals ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; metabolism ; Female ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Rabbits ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; pharmacology

The dialysis method was employed to load adriamycin into the micelles formed by temperature and pH sensitive polyhistidine-co-DL-lactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-histidine (OLH-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-OLH). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the copolymer was measured with pyrene fluorescent probe method under different temperatures. The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were determined with dialysis method. The diameter, morphology and surface potential of the copolymer micelles were investigated by corresponding instruments, respectively. The release behavior of adriamycin from copolymer micelles and the pH sensitivity were studied. The CMC of the copolymers ranged from 0.022 4 to 0.001 7 microg x mL(-1). The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were 92.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The micelles have a mean diameter of (61.7 +/- 13.4) nm, and zeta potential was -9.88 mV. The in vitro adriamycin release rate increased with the pH dropping from 7.4 to 5.0. The results indicated that the CMC of the copolymers decreased as the raising of temperature, drug release behavior from the micelles possessed clearly pH sensitivity, and the copolymers may have a potential in targeted delivery system for anticancer drugs.
Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Micelles ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglactin 910 ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature