ObjectiveTo explore the improvement effect of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility on acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury， and lay a foundation for further development of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced multiple organ injury. MethodThe acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury model of mice was established by multiple intragastric administration of 56% Hongxing Erguotou liquor （15 mL·kg^-1）. A total of 120 male ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， namely， the blank group， model group， omeprazole group （0.026 g·kg^-1）， Flos Puerariae-Hoveniae Semen （compatibility） high， medium， and low-dose groups （29.2，14.6， 7.3 g·kg^-1）， Flos Puerariae group （19.5 g·kg^-1）， and Hoveniae Semen group （19.5 g·kg^-1）， with 15 mice in each group. After one week of adaptive feeding， the animals were pre-administrated with the corresponding drug at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1 for 3 d. From the 4^th day， after 1 h of administration， Erguotou liquid was administrated at the rate of 15 mL·kg^-1 and the blank group was administrated with the same volume of deionized water to record the drunkenness and sober up time. The administration was lasted for 3 d. One hour after the last administration， the eyeballs were removed and the mice were sacrificed. The concentration of ethanol in serum was determined by gas chromatograph， and the activity of ethanol dehydrogenase （ADH） in gastric mucosa was determined by ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Serum inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） p65 and NF-κB inhibitory protein α （IκBα） were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the content of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum of mice in the model group was increased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα was decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the drunkenness time of the omeprazole group， high and medium-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the sober up time of the high and medium-dose compatibility groups was shortened （P<0.05）， the ethanol concentration in the serum of the high-dose compatibility group was decreased （P<0.05）， the ADH activity in the gastric mucosa of the omeprazole group and high and medium-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.05）， the score of pathological injury in the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.01）， the expression of IL-6 in serum of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of IL-1β in serum of the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose Flos Puerariae groups， and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of TNF-α in serum of high and medium-dose groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa tissues of the omeprazole group and high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the high-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the low-dose compatibility group and Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.01）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae and Hoveniae Semen groups was prolonged （P<0.01）， the concentration of ethanol in the serum of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， the content of IL-1β in serum of low-dose compatibility group， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa of the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the medium-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.05）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score in the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the content of IL-1β in serum of the low-dose compatibility group， the Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the low-dose compatibility group， the pathological injury score of the Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionFlos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility play a role in preventing and treating acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury in mice， which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of NF-κB signal pathway in gastric mucosa， and the high-dose compatibility group has the optimal effect.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between Kansui Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the Gansui Banxiatang based on cytochrome P450 （CYP450） enzyme and ascites rats. MethodA total of 150 Wistar rats were randomized into blank group （distilled water， ig）， model group （distilled water， ig）， Gansui Banxiatang group （5.68 g·kg^-1·d^-1， ig）， Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix group （5.57 g·kg^-1·d^-1， ig）， Gansui Banxiatang without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group （4.01 g·kg^-1·d^-1， ig）， and Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix And Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group （3.90 g·kg^-1·d^-1， ig）， with 25 rats in each group. The Gansui Banxiatang was composed of 1.1 g Kansui Radix， 9 g Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum， 15 g Paeoniae Radix Alba， 16.7 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma praeparata cum melle， and 15 g honey. The rats， except for the blank group， were injected （ip） with Walker-256 cells to induce cancerous ascites. The administration lasted 7 days for each group. The concentration of probe drugs was detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and based on the metabolic rates of the drugs， the CYP450 enzyme activity was yielded. The CYP450 enzyme gene expression was determined by Real-time PCR， and CYP450 enzyme protein expression by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed high activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9， low activity of CYP2E1， CYP2C19， and CYP3A4， low mRNA expression of CYP2E1， CYP2C19， CYP2C9， and CYP3A4， and low protein expression of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Gansui Banxiatang group displayed low activity of CYP2C9 and high expression of CYP3A4 mRNA （P<0.01）， and Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix group demonstrated low activity of CYP1A2， high activity of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4， high mRNA expression of CYP1A2， CYP2E1， CYP2C19， and CYP3A4， and high protein expression of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 （P<0.05）. In comparison with the model group， the Gansui Banxiatang without Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma group showed low activity of CYP2C9， high activity of CYP3A4， and high mRNA expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2C19 （P<0.05）， and Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma group had low activity of CYP2C9， high activity of CYP3A4， and high CYP3A4 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. The activity of CYP2E1， CYP2C9， and CYP3A4 was higher， and the mRNA expression of CYP1A2， CYP2C19， and CYP3A4 and CYP3A4 protein expression were higher in the Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix group than in the Gansui Banxiatang group （P<0.05）. The activity of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4， and CYP2C19 mRNA were higher and mRNA expression of CYP3A4 was lower in the Gansui Banxiatang without Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma group than in the Gansui Banxiatang group （P<0.05）. The activity of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in the Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group was higher than that in the Gansui Banxiatang group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe four prescriptions all showed certain efficacy in the perspective of CYP450 enzyme， among which Gansui Banxiatang without Kansui Radix had the best effect and was better than Gansui Banxiatang. The Kansui Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma did not show antagonism in Gansui Banxiatang， but reduced the effect. Thus， in this study， the medicinal pair may show mutual inhibition.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) at METHODS: A total of 58 patients after uterine curettage of incomplete abortion were randomized into an EA group and a western medication group, 29 cases in each one. In the western medication group, mifepristone tablets were administered orally, 2 tablets each time, once daily. In the EA group, on the base of the treatment as the western medication group, EA was applied to RESULTS: After treatment, the intrauterine residue area and CDFI blood flow signal positive rate were all reduced as compared with the values before treatment in patients of the two groups ( CONCLUSION The combined treatment of electroacupuncture at
Abortion, Incomplete/therapy* ; Abortion, Induced ; Acupuncture Points ; Curettage ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

The guidance of stability testing of drug substances and prod -ucts has been revised based on the previous version published by the State Food and Drug Administration [SFDA, now called China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA)] in 2005.This article will interpret the un-derlying principles and background information behind the guidance revi -sion, demonstrate the cognition and major revision points , clarify appli-cation -related concepts, and deeply elucidate the issues raised on drug stability research.This shall help drug developers and manufacturers to have better understanding of the guidance and shall serve as a reference for subsequent experimental designing and application document writing of drug stability tests.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of brain SPECT imaging with a novel Aβ plaque probe,131 I-2-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl) -6-iodoimidazo[ 1,2-α ] pyridine ( 131 I-IMPY) in early AD.Methods Thirteen patients with AD (3 males,10 females,age ranged 52 - 79 y),11 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI,4 males,7 females,age ranged 48 - 67 y) and 14 normal controls (6 males,8 females,age ranged 42 - 67 y) were enrolled in this study.131I-IMPY SPECT imaging was acquired in 2 -3 h after the agent injection.ROIs were drawn on cerebral lobes and cerebellum.The ratios of mean radioactivity of cerebral lobes over cerebellum (Rcl/cb) were calculated.The t-test was used for data analysis.Results In patients with MCI,Rcl/cb ratios were increased in parietal gyrus,temporal gyrus and frontal gyrus (right:1.15±0.18,1.18±0.12,1.14±0.14; left:1.16±0.11,1.19±0.18,1.15±0.09)compared with those in normal control group ( right:1.02 ± 0.12,1.05 ± 0.14,1.01 ± 0.12 ; left:1.03 ±0.13,1.05 ±0.13,1.01 ±0.14; t:2.1642 to 2.8757,all P ＜0.05).Rcl/cb ratios of basel ganglia and occipital gyms in MCI group (right:0.92 ±0.18,1.12 ±0.15; left:0.94 ±0.15,1.13 ±0.17) showed no statistical difference compared with those in normal control group (right:0.82 ±0.15,1.06 ±0.18;left:0.85 ±0.16,1.08 ±0.15; t:0.7805 to 1.4344,all P＞0.05).In patients with AD,Rcl/cb ratios were increased in parietal,temporal,basal ganglia and occipital lobes (right:1.16 ±0.19,1.24 ±0.17,1.16 ±0.13,1.14±0.11,1.23±0.10; left:1.17±0.21,1.25±0.15,1.18±0.08,1.17±0.16,1.25±0.11)compared with those in normal control group( t:2.1001 to 6.2789,all P ＜0.05).Rcl/cb ratios of parietal,temporal and frontal lobes in AD group showed no statistical difference compared with those in MCI group (t:0.1316 to 0.9806,all P ＞ 0.05 ),while Rcl/cb ratios of basal ganglia and occipital lobes in AD group were increased compared with those in MCI group ( t:2.0850 to 3.6772,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion 131 I-IMPY as a β- amyloid plaque probe for brain SPECT imaging may be potentially helpful for early diagnosis of AD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feature of patients with atrial septal defects (ASD)and the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ASD in elderly patients.Methods Between May 2000and June 2010,82 patients aged (64.5 + 3.8)years underwent attempted transcatheter ASD closure.Right heart catheterization was performed before intervention.Echocardiography was made at 1 day,1,3,6 months after the procedure.The pre- and post-closure clinical feature,pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and cardiac function were evaluated.Results In 82 patients,37 (45.1％) patients were associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ).The systolic PAP and mean PAP [ (44.1 ± 12.4) mm Hg ( 1mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and (25.2 + 6.8) mm Hg,respectively ] were measured by right heart catheterization before the procedure.One patient was unsuitable for closure because of severe PAH.The remaining 81patients underwent successful ASD closure without major complications.After closuring,systolic PAP decreased from (52.7 ± 10.3 )mm Hg to (31.8 ± 6.3) mm Hg ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and mean PAP descended from (30.9 ± 4.7 ) mm Hg to (21.8 ± 3.4) mm Hg( P ＜ 0.05 ) in the 36 patients with PAH.The cardiac function improved post procedure.There were 6 new-onset atrial fibrillations during follow up.Conclusions ASD in elderly patients are commonly associated with PAH.Transcatheter ASD closure is safe and effective in the majority of elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of diet intervention on the community hypertensive patients body mass index, blood pressure control, lipid. Methods A total of 68 patients with hypertension in communities were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 34 ) and the control group ( n = 34 ), the observation group were implemented the system of nutrition dietary intervention, the control group did not impose any education. The body mass index, blood pressure control and blood lipid changes were observe at 6 months postintervention. Results After 6 months, the body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipids and other indicators were significantly better in diet intervention group than those in the control group. In which body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride reduction was particularly significant ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusions Nutrition dietary intervention is more effective to control hypertension in patients with body mass index, blood pressure, reduce blood fat, prevent the occurrence of complications and improve patient quality of life.

Objective To investigate the source of the first human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in Beijing. Methods Interviewing the relatives of the case and other key persons, collecting and detecting samples of related biological, epidemiological and environmental data of the case were conducted. Later, the infection source was thoroughly investigated. Results The case ever contacted a slaughtered duck 5 days prior to the onset of illness, and the duck was bought from a stall of a wet market in Yanjiao area of Hebei province. Ten environmental samples were collected in this stall and the neighboring stall of the market. Another 6 samples were tested positive for H5N1 virus by PCR method, with 5 virus strains isolated. The whole-genome sequencing indicated that the amino acid homology between the H5N1 virus strains from the environment and the virus isolated from the case reached 99.8%-100%. Conclusion From both epidemiological and virological evidence, it was proved that the first human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in Beijing was infected by a duck that carrying H5N1 virus the case contacted 5 days proceeding the onset of illness.

Objective To analyze the clinical feature and the effects of transcatheter closure of adult patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods Between January 2000 and April 2009, 139 patients [22 male, aged from 40 to 74:(49.8±6.8) years] with PDA were hospitalized in our hospital. Clinical data and effects of transcatheter closure of PDA were analyzed. Results There were 64 patients with NYHA class Ⅰ, 53 with class Ⅱ, 16 with class Ⅲ and 6 with class Ⅳ before procedure. In 139 patients, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was found in 107 out of 139 patients (77.0%). Transcatheter PDA closure was not performed in 3 patients due to severe PAH and successfully performed in the remaining 136 patients (97.8%) without major complications. Post procedure aortic angiography evidenced minor residual shunt in 14 cases, small residual shunt in 2 cases and moderate shunt in 1 case. The NYHA class was significantly improved and the PAH significantly reduced [sPAP: (47.3±23.9)mm Hg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (28.1±12.3) mm Hg,P<0.01] post procedure. Conclusion PAH and heart failure were commonly associated with PDA in adult patients. Transcatheter PDA closure is safe and effective in these patients except those with severe PAH.