OBJECTIVETo explore various factors affecting the clinical pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 15,744 cycles of AID in 6302 women and investigated the association of the clinical pregnancy outcomes of AID with the treatment protocols, the times of insemination per cycle, the age of the infertile women, the status of the oviduct, and the number of AID cycles.

RESULTSThe pregnancy rate of AID was higher in the chlomiphene-treated women than in those of the natural cycle group (P = 0.003) but showed no significant differences either between the chloramiphene and human menopause gonadotropin (HMG) or between the HMG and natural cycle groups (P > 0.05), and so was it in the women that had received AID twice per cycle before and after ovulation (26.3%) than in those that had undergone only once before (7.0%) or after ovulation (23.7%) (P < 0.05). However, the pregnancy rate was remarkably lower in the women aged 35-40 years (16.5%), especially in those over 40 years (1.2%), than in those under 35 years (26.0%) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the success rate of AID between the women with oviductal adhesion and those without (27.4% vs. 28.1%, P > 0.05). The pregnancy rate of the first cycle of AID (27.6%) was markedly higher than those of the second (24.7%), third (23.9%), and fourth (23.1%) (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences among the latter three cycles (P > 0.05), while that of the fifth cycle (19.0%) was remarkably lower than those of the first four (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe age of the infertile women is an important factor affecting the success rate of AID. AID twice per cycle is better than once only. For those without oviductal factors, at least 4 cycles of AID are required before in vitro fertilization.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; Insemination, Artificial ; Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies

AIM: To study the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on rat atherosclerosis (AS), and elucidate the possible mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats were fed with fat-rich diet and high dose of vitamin D_3 to induce AS, then treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection. Concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were measured by automatic serum biochemical assay. The level of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the AS model group, the levels of TG and TC in serum were significantly lower in Salvia miltiorrhiza injection group (P

Objective To study on ERCP findings correlating with tumor size and staging of pancre- atic cancer(PC).Methods We selected 35 patients with PC who were identified by surgery and/or pathol- ogy and had undergone ERCP with clear imaging findings.The lengths of pancreatic duct and common bile duct stricture as well as the diameter of upstream dilated pancreatic or bile duct were measured on ERCP films.The ralationship among ERCP findings and tumor size and JPS T-stage of PC were analysed by correla- tion analysis.Results Of the 35 patients with PC,ERCP showed the pancreatic duct stricture in 25 and cut- off of pancreatic duct in 10(7 of them,the lesion lengths were revealed after a guide wire advanced beyond the obstructive site)and common bile duct stricture in 31.The correlation coefficients between tumor size and lengths of pancreatic duct or common bile duct stricture were 0.709(P=0.0001)and 0.540(P=0.0053) respectively.The correlation coefficient between JPS T-stage and lengths of pancreatic duct stricture was 0.514(P=0.0052).Conclusion The length of pancreatic duct stricture in ERCP was positively correlated with the tumor size and staging of PC.But it is not consistent when the length of stricture is rather short.The lengths of bile duct stricture also have some effects on predicting the tumor size of pancreatic head cancer.

Humans ; Stents ; Tympanic Membrane ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; surgery

Objective To observe the effects of iodine excess on thyroid morphology,the expression of thyroid peroxidase and sodium iodide symporter mRNA and to explore their mechanisms.Methods One-month SD rats were divided into three groups:control iodine(CI),high iodine Ⅰ(HI Ⅰ)and high iodineⅡ(HI Ⅱ)and were fed with water containing iodine in different concentrations by adding K103(5,5000,10 000μg/L)respectively.Rats were sacrificed after being fed for six months.The morphology of thyroid was investigated under light microscopy and electron microscopy,the serum thyroid hormones and ratio of TPO/β-actin and NIS/β-actin were measured by radio-immunoassay and RT-PCR method.Results The major changes were increased follicles with colloid accumulation in HI groups.The levels of serum thyroid hormones TT3 and TT4 were decreased gradually from CI[(75.68±13.99,1.45±0.49)nmol/L]to HI Ⅰ[(73.82±16.48,1.34±0.31)nmol/L]and HIⅡ groups[(70.65±11.43,1.15±0.39)nmol/L],but there were no significant differences among three groups(F=O.371,l.163,P＞0.05).The TPO and NIS mRNA expressions in HI Ⅰ(1.28±0.10,0.56±O.17)and HI Ⅱ(1.14±0.04,0.39±0.06)were significantly lower(F=30.863,62.62.675,P＜O.05)than those of control group(1.39±0.08,0.71±0.13).Conclusions Chronic iodine excess leads to definite histological changes in rat thyroid,and inhibits the expressions of TPO and NIS mRNA as well as thyroid hormone synthesis,which in turn acts as a protective mechanism against iodine excess.

Objective:To express and purify the TRIM5? chimaera[TRIM5? H(R328-332)] protein and to explore the interaction between the TRIM5? H(R328-332)and HIV-1gag. Methods:The plasmid pET28aTRIM5? H(R328-332) was transformed to E.coli BL21 (DE3) strain ,and the expression of TRIM5? H(R328-332) protein was induced by IPTG,purified with Ni2+ chromatography.The expression and purification of TRIM5? H(R328-332) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and the interaction between TRIM5? H(R328-332) and HIV-1gag was detected by co-immunoprecipitation,His pull-down and ELISA. Results:The recombinant plasmid pET28aTRIM5? H(R328-332) was successfully expressed in E.coli. The results showed that the purified full length TRIM5? H(R328-332) interacted with HIV-1gag protein. Conclusion:The human TRIM5? chimaera was expressed successfully in vitro,and the study demonstrates that the human TRIM5? chimaera interacts with HIV-1 gag in vitro.

Objective To study the expression of p53,p16,PCNA protein in esophageal carcinoma and its relationship to sexual distinction,the location of disease,the biological level,the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis.Methods 118 patients with esophageal carcinoma were included in the study,all of them were treated for the first time.p53,p16 and PCNA protein in the 118 cases of esophageal carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical assay(SP technique). Results The positive expression of p53, p16, PCNA protein in 118 patients was 80 %(92/118),42%(50/118)and 97%(115/118),respectively.The positive expression of p53,PCNA protein were irrelated to the sexual distinction,the location of disease,the biological level,the depth of invasion and the lymph node metastasis.The loss of p16 was significantly related to the depth of invasion and the lymph node metastasis(P

To investigate the effect of magnesium on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of neurons in cortex during early cerebral ischemic period, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established. The results showed that the NOS activity of neurons in cortex was increased significantly at 15 min after MCAO, reached its peak at 30 min after MCAO and returned to normal levels at 60 min after MCAO. The NOS activity of neurons in the magnesium-treated group was decreased significantly as compared with that in the ischemic group at 15 min and 30min after MCAO respectively. The results suggested that magnesium could inhibit the elevated NOS activity of neurons in cortex induced by cerebral ischemia.

To investigate the effect of magnesium on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of neurons in cortex during early cerebral ischemic period, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established. The results showed that the NOS activity of neurons in cortex was increased significantly at 15 min after MCAO, reached its peak at 30 min after MCAO and returned to normal levels at 60 min after MCAO. The NOS activity of neurons in the magnesium-treated group was decreased significantly as compared with that in the ischemic group at 15 min and 30min after MCAO respectively. The results suggested that magnesium could inhibit the elevated NOS activity of neurons in cortex induced by cerebral ischemia.

NDV strain ZJ1 strain , a highly virulent NDV strain, has been prevalent among the waterfowls in China mainland in the past years. Multi-basic amino acid sequence distribute in the protease cleavage site of F protein of this strain. Recombinant expressing plasmid pCI-FT, was generated by converting multi-basic amino acid sequence of 112, 115, 117 of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein, to the non-basic amino acid sequence characteristic of avirulent NDV strain. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in COS-1 cells revealed that both mutant and parental F protein had fusion activity. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in CEF cells showed that the cleavage activity of mutant F protein was significantly reduced. The study built a foundation for mutagenesis of amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein at the full-length cDNA clone level, study on factors contributing to virulence and construction of candidate vaccine strain, and so on.