Objective: To explore the feasibility of self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for multicomponents simuitaneous solubilization. Methods: The curcumin (Cur) components were used as model drug, D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize SEDDS prescription, and the contents of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and Cur, SEDDS particle size, and emulsifying time were made as indicators to select and evaluate SEDDS, so as to explore the feasibility of SEDDS for the multicomponents simuitaneous solubilization. Results: The optimal SEDDS prescription was Obleique CC497-Tween 20-Transcutol P (0.21:0.50:0.29), SEDDS particle size was (248.8 ± 3.4) nm, and emulsifying time was (70 ± 1) s. At 37°C, the maximum loading capacities of SEDDS for BDMC, DMC, and Cur were 2.998, 12.220, and 52.561 mg/g, respectively, and the solubilities in water were 0.107, 0.661, and 1.648 mg/mL. Conclusion: SEDDS can realize the solubilization of multicomponent simultaneously.

AIM:To compare the refractive errors measured by the VISX WaveScan, OPD - Scan Ⅲ and the subjective refraction.
METHODS: Seventy - six patients ( 152 eyes ) were recruited from January 2013 to December 2013. All patients were measured with subjective refraction by the phoropter (NIDEK, RT-5100), objective refraction by the WaveScan ( AMO Company, USA) , OPD-ScanⅢ ( Nidek Technologies, Japan). The sphere, cylinder, axis of the three methods were compared and analyzed.
RESULTS: The sphere measured by WaveScan was lower than that by subjective refraction, the difference was 0. 13±0. 30D (t=3. 753, P<0. 001). For cylinder, the difference was 0. 13±0. 43D (t=3. 664, P<0. 001). There was no significance for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent between OPD - Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction (P>0. 05). The value of the difference between WaveScan and subjective refraction was 5. 87o±6. 19o for the axis and the difference between OPD-Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction was 3. 82o±3. 95o. There was statistic significance (t=2. 817, P=0. 006).
CONCLUSION: For sphere and cylinder, WaveScan generated some deviation relative to subjective refraction. The Nidek OPD-ScanⅢ gives more accurate measures of objective refraction when compared with subjective refraction.

Objective To study the relationship between peripheral blood hemoglobin (HB) and blood pres- sure.Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 1153 subjects aged 29-83 years.Waist circumfer- ence,HB,blood pressure,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL- C),triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC) were determined.Results ①With the increasing of blood pres- sure,HB had a clearly increasing trend (HB,normotensive:137.5?14.7 vs prehypertension:143.4?14.4 vs hy- pertension:144.3?13.8 g/L,P

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the effects of hyperoxia on the development of fetal lung by investigating the changes of morphological and cell proliferation induced by hyperoxia in cultured fetal lungs as well as the effects of dexamethasone on hyperoxia-exposed lungs.

METHODSHuman fetal lung explants at the pseudoglandular stage of development were cultured randomly either in normoxia (21% O2/5% CO2) or hyperoxia (95% O2/5% CO2) for 72 hrs. Dexamethasone was added into the feeding medium at the concentration of 10(-6)M. Harvested tissues were stained for pancytokeratin to identify epithelial cells, with Ki-67 as a marker of proliferation. The effects of lung morphometry were analyzed using computer assisted image analysis. The mean airway thickness, the proportion of the surface area occupied by airways, the mean airway surface area and the index of the epithelium proliferation were measured.

RESULTSThe lung architectures remained unchanged after 72 hrs normoxia culture, whereas hyperoxia culture resulted in significant dilation of airways and thinning of epithelium, with the surface area of airways of 6662 microm(2) vs 2728 microm(2) and the thickness of airways of 7.8 microm vs 8.1 microm (P < 0.05). Hyperoxia culture also resulted in an increase in the proportion of the surface area occupied by airways than normoxia culture (35.2% vs 23.4%; P < 0.05). The surface area of airways (3174 microm(2)) and the proportion of the surface area occupied by airways (23.9%) decreased significantly in hyperoxia-cultured lungs after dexamethasone administration (P < 0.05). The epithelium proliferation index in hyperoxia-cultured lungs (21.8%) was higher than that in normoxia-cultured lungs (5.1%) and dexamethasone-treated hyperoxia-cultured lungs (7.4%) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe exposure of pseudoglandular lungs to hyperoxia modulates the lung architecture to resemble saccular lungs with higher epithelium proliferation index. Dexamethasone may inhibit the effects induced by hyperoxia.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxia ; pathology ; Lung ; drug effects ; embryology ; pathology ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo compare the painless effect of four anesthetic methods during opening pulp cavity and undergoing pulpectomy for acute or chronic pulpitis.

METHODS80 teeth of 80 patients were randomly allocated into four groups. Each group had 20 teeth. Anesthetic methods applied four different groups included block anesthesia of nerve, supraperiosteal infiltration, periodontal membrane injection and intrapulpal injection. Anesthesia doses were recorded and the pierced points, the zones of pain, the time of anesthesia action, the time of anesthesia persistence and the degrees of anesthesia were evaluated with four levels synthetic evaluation standard of anesthesia.

RESULTSCompared with periodontal membrane injection and intrapulpal injection, block anesthesia of nerve and supraperiosteal infiltration had the later time of anesthesia action and the longer time of anesthesia persistence (P<0.05). In four anesthetic methods, block anesthesia of nerve had the best painless effect (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFour anesthetic methods have their own superiorities, and we should select proper anesthetic methods in clinical work.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Dental ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bicuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Mandibular Nerve ; Nerve Block ; Periodontal Ligament ; Pulpectomy ; Pulpitis

OBJECTIVEAim of this study was to investigate functions of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) barrier and esophageal clearance in fasting and postprandial stages in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODSEight patients with confirmed GERD and 8 healthy subjects (HS) were observed in the study. The esophageal pH and manometry were recorded simultaneously for 1 h during fasting and 2 h after a meal (1,675 kJ) using pneumohydrolic capillary perfusion system.

RESULTS(1) The esophageal pH monitoring showed that median of percentage of pH < 4 at postprandial in HS and patients with GERD was 0.45% and 11.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). (2) Pressure of lower esophageal sphincter (LESP) significantly decreased after a test meal in GERD (P < 0.001) and in HS (P < 0.001). (3) The amplitude of post-LES relaxation related to swallow (post-LESRA) in GERD was much lower than in HS either during fasting or postprandial stage (P < 0.05). (4) The tension of crural diaphragm at resting (Dia-A0) in GERD was lower than in HS during fasting and postprandial stage(P < 0.05). (5) The tension of crural diaphragm at deep inspiration (dia-AM) in GERD and HS increased 3 or 4 times at pressure at gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). (6) The peristaltic amplitude of the distal esophagus in GERD were much lower than that in HS in both pre- and postprandial periods.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Impaired clearance of Post-LESRA and esophageal body, function of diaphragmatic crural play an important role in development of GERD. (2) The tension of crural diaphragm at deep inspiration can increase the pressure at GEJ.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diaphragm ; physiopathology ; Esophagogastric Junction ; physiopathology ; Esophagus ; physiopathology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Manometry ; Middle Aged ; Peristalsis

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of deep electric injury.

METHODSHP-IPHX high resolution color and pulse doppler ultrasonography was employed in the study. The hemodynamic indices were determined in the burn wound area and tissues 5 - 15 cm proximal to the wound in 12 patients with deep electric injury. At the same time, injuries to subcutaneous and muscular tissue and blood vessels (fifty-six blood vessels detected) were detected.

RESULTS1. It was found by two-dimentional ultrasonography that the injury degree in different tissue after deep electric injury was different, i.e. blood vessels were most liable to injury followed by muscles and subcutaneous tissue. In the burn wound area, endothelium was not visualized in 7 blood vessels and endothelial swelling was identified in 12 blood vessels. Furthermore, vascular occlusion was found in 4 blood vessels and thrombosis found in 5 vessels. 2. It was also demonstrated by color ultrasonography that change in course of blood vessel and tortuesity were observed in 12 blood vessels, stenosis of lumen in 21 vessels and widened intravascular space in 11 vessels, All these findings were confirmed in the subsequent operations. 3. It was revealed by pulse Doppler that the top blood flow speed increased during vascular contraction period in narrowed blood vessels with decreased blood flow per minute.

CONCLUSIONBeing an non-invasive examination, ultrasonography could directly demonstrate the morphological changes in subcutaneous tissue, muscle and blood vessels after a deep electric injury, which might help determine the injury degree and the hemodynamic changes in the injured site.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Burns, Electric ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Skin ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; methods

Objective To analyze the possibilities of screening SPF rabbits and guinea pigs from conventional animals, viral antibodies of the conventional rabbits and guinea pigs bred by licensed companies in Guangdong province during 2014-2016 were determined according to the standard of SPF animals in GB14922. 2. Methods Nine batches of 167 rabbit sera and 155 guinea pig sera were sampled from 6 companies. Serum antibodies to virus were determined by ELISA according to GB14922. 2. Results Positivity of antibody to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was 82. 2%(129/157) for the vaccinated rabbits, and negative result were obtained for unvaccinated rabbits. Positive rate of rabbit rotavirus (RRV) was 42. 5% (71/167). No positive antibody responses to Sendai virus were detected out in all rabbits. The positive rates of guinea pig reovirus type III (REO-3) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) were 52. 9%(82/155)and 20% (31/155) respectively. Antibody responses to Sendai virus ( SV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV) were negative in all guinea pigs. Conclusions Although the conventional rabbits and guinea pigs could meet the national standard, higher infection rates of virus excluded that SPF animals emerged in conventional animals, indicating that selection of SPF animals from conventional colonies is impracticable.

AIM To prepare and characterize SiO2 solid dispersions of Curcumae longae Rhizoma extract.METHODS For the solid dispersions prepared by solvent evaporation method,its ratio of extract to carrier (SiO2) was screened by in vitro dissolution test,and the characterization was achieved by determination of particle size,specific surface area,porosity,micromorphology observation,infrared spectroscopy and X-ray.RESULTS When the ratio of extract to carfer was 1:8,three main components (bisdemethoxycurcumin,demethoxycurcumin and curcumin) in the extract reached the highest accumulative dissolution rates.Compared with physical mixture,the solid dispersions demonstrated lower particle size,specific surface area and porosity.Extract was dispensed in the carrier in an amorphous state.CONCLUSION SiO2 solid dispersions can obviously improve the dissolution rates of the main components in Curcumae longae Rhizoma extract.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical phenotypes and hereditary patterns of the generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+).

METHODSDetailed family trees were constructed by inquire and physical examinations for the probands of the 15 pedigrees of GEFS+. Some patients received electroencephalography, cranial CT or MRI examination. The seizures and epilepsy syndromes were classified according to the 2001 Seizure International Classification. The clinical data of GEFS+ were reviewed.

RESULTSThe 15 families consisted of 196 individuals. Seventy-five individuals were confirmed with epilepsy. The phenotypes of 64 out of the 75 patients with epilepsy conformed to GEFS+. The 64 patients included 38 males and 26 females (1 deceased) and there was no gender difference in the morbility of GEFS+. The age at onset was all in childhood. GEFS+ had a diversity of phenotypes. Febrile seizures (FS) were confirmed in 44 patients, FS and myoclonic seizure in 1, febrile seizures plus (FS+) in 13, FS+ and absence seizure in 2, FS+ and myoclonic seizure in 1, and FS+ and focal seizure in 3.

CONCLUSIONSThe heterogeneity of phenotypes and genetics may be the hallmarks of GEFS+. FS and FS+ are common phenotypes while FS+ and absence seizure, FS+ and myoclonic seizure, and FS+ and focal seizure are rare. If one of the parents is affected in a GEFS+ family, the susceptibility of their children to GEFS+ is the same no matter what gender of their children is. It is speculated that the hereditary pattern of GEFS+ conforms to autosomal dominant inheritance.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures, Febrile ; genetics