The volatile oils of endophyte isolates R1 (Acremonium sp.) and R2 (Acremonium sp.) from Aqui-laria sinensis were extracted by solvent method. Twenty and sixteen ingredients were identified from the volatile oils of R1 and R2 by GC-MS, respectively. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, hexa-decanoic acid etc., were the main components, whereas terpenoids like 1,8-cineole, zingiberene, ar-curcumene were also found in both oils. It’s the first report about the volatile oil constituents of endophyte isolates from A. sinensis.

The status of marine bioresources and the marine eco-environment issues were summarized and discussed, and the strategies for the development of Chinese marine bioresources in the future were proposed. The degradation of marine eco-environment and unreasonable exploitation of the resources resulted in acute decline of Chinese marine bioresources. The feasible stratagies for the sustainable use of marine bioresources should be to intensify the basic research on marine bioresources science, to strengthen the protection of the marine environment and conservation of marine living resources, and to exploit and utilize marine bioresources scientifically and reasonably by using high-technology including marine biotechnology.

The hexane extract from marine actinomycetes 124092 showed potent inhibition on B16 cell line by MTT assay. The hexane extract was fractionationed on silica gel column by vacuum liquid chromatography to afford 6 fractions(Fr1~Fr6), and Fr6 showed cytotoxic activity. To determine the bioacitve components of hexane extract, Fr6 was analyzed by GC/MS. The main components were identified as palmitic acid (11.76%), oleic acid (12.16%), linoleic acid (14.77%), and lactobacillic acid (61.31%). It have been reported that palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid possess cytotoxic activity on rat ascites tumor cells and linoleic acid have suppressive effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Seventy-two strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the healthy bark, branches and leaves of Cephalotaxus hainanensis L.. Sixty-eight of them were morphologically classified into Fungi Imperfecti, thirty-three sporulated were identified to five genera. For those did not sporulate, one was identified to Rhizoctonia sp., the rest were tentatively classified into Mycelia Sterilia. Four were identified to Basidiomycetes. The result indicated the endophytic fungi of C. hainanensis show a degree of tissue specificity. There were significant differences about the quantity, genera and composition between the fungi isolated from bark and those from branches and leaves.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic relationship between serum platelet derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB)and IgA nephropathy in children.Methods The level of serum PDGF-BB was detected by double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 15 cases healthy children and 30 cases IgA nephropathy.According to patholgical degree constituted by WHO in 1982,the IgA nephropathy group divided into 5 degrees:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ(Ⅰ,Ⅱ were light patholgic change group;Ⅲ,Ⅳ were moderate patholgic change group;Ⅴ was severe patholgic change group).The serum PDGF-BB in IgA nephropathy group and none-IgA nephropathy group,and in different renal pathology type IgA nephropathy group were analyzed.Data were analyzed by using SAS 6.12 software.Results The level of serum PDGF-BB were(247.35?55.79) ng/L in control group and(869.16?200.73) ng/L in IgA nephropathy group.It was higher in IgA nephropathy group than in control group,the difference was significant(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of color silk cocoon extraction-sericine on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and Smad3 protein expression in kidney of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.

METHODS60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12): normal control group, DN model group, sericine treatment group, metformin group and sericine prevention group. The rats in model group, sericine treatment group, metformin group and sericine prevention group were all established DN rats model by intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose > or = 16.7 mmol/L was taken as standard to judge if the rats model were successfully established. After the rats model were successfully established, the rats in sericine treatment group were lavaged with sericine (2.4 g/(kg x d), 35 d). The rats in metformin group were lavaged with metformin (55.33 mg/(kg x d), 35 d). The rats in sericine prevention group were lavaged with the same dose sericine for 35 d before injecting STZ. The blood glucose and kidney weight/body weight of rats in each group were respectively detected. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of TGF-beta1 and Western blot to detect the expression of Smad3 in kidney.

RESULTSCompared with normal control rats: the blood glucose, kidney weight/body weight, TGF-beta1 and Smad3 expression in kidney of rats in model group increased obviously (P < 0.01). The blood glucose, TGF-beta1 and Smad3 expression in kidney of rats in sericin treatment group, sericin prevention group and metformin group were significantly lower than that of model group (P < 0.01). Moreover, there were no obvious differences between sericin treatment group, sericin prevention group and metformin group (P > 0.05). The kidney weight/body weight of rats in sericin treatment group, sericin prevention group and metformin group were significantly lower than that of model group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the kidney weight/body weight of rats in sericin treatment group and sericin prevention group were obviously lower than that of metformin group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSericin can inhibit activation of TGF-beta1/Smad3 signal pathway in kidney of DN rats, lighten glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis, so has protective and preventive effects on kidney injury of DN rats. Moreover, the therapeutical and preventive effects of sericin on DN are similar with metformin.

Animals ; Bombyx ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Male ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad3 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Escin is a mixture of triterpenic saponins which has been used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency , haemorrhoids , post-operative edema and trauma.This article reviewed the progress on pharmacokinetic study of escin and aimed to provide reference for clinical rational use of escin.

Both in vivo and cultured cardiomyocyte experiments were performed to investigate the alteration of expression of calreticulin (CRT) during the delayed cardioprotection induced by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) and the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of the alteration. (1) Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (Sham), myocardial infarction (MI) group induced by left coronary artery ligation and HPC+MI group (4-hour HPC 24 h before MI). Twenty-four hours, 14 d and 28 d after left coronary artery ligation, myocardial function, infarction size and the area at risk were measured. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CRT, the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). (2) Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat were divided into six groups: hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), HPC, HPC+H/R, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580+HPC+H/R (SB+HPC+H/R), SAPK inhibitor SP600125+HPC+H/R (SP+HPC+H/R) and control. Survival rate and apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes 6 h after H/R and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture medium in each group were measured. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CRT and activities of p38 MAPK and SAPK. The results are as follows: (1) During in vivo experiment, compared with MI group, HPC significantly improved +dp/dt(max) and -dp/dt(max), reduced infarction size and the area at risk. HPC dramatically changed the expression of CRT. CRT expression in HPC+MI group was 206% of that in MI group (P<0.05) 24 h after infarction, especially in the area at risk. However, 28 d after operation, the expression of CRT decreased by 57%. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between CRT expression and myocardial function (r=0.9867, P<0.05), and negative correlation between CRT expression and infarction size (r=-0.9709, P<0.05). (2) In cultured cardiomyocytes, HPC attenuated cell injury induced by H/R. CRT expression increased moderately to 222% of control (P<0.05) during HPC, but increased dramatically to 503% of control (P<0.05) after H/R. HPC reduced H/R-induced CRT up-regulation to 56% of that in H/R group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that CRT expression induced by HPC had a positive correlation with p38 MAPK activity (r=0.9021, P<0.05), but a negative correlation with SAPK activity (r=-0.8211, P<0.05). Both in vivo and in vitro results indicate that HPC protects myocardium from ischemia or H/R injury. p38 MAPK is possibly involved in the up-regulation of CRT induced by HPC, while SAPK has a negative influence.
Animals ; Calreticulin ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Adenoma, Sweat Gland ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Keratin-14 ; metabolism ; Keratin-17 ; metabolism ; Keratin-18 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Papilloma ; metabolism ; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic