Objective To study the effects of russel viper venom X(RVV X)on blood coagulation protein.Methods We divide diluted protein into control and RVV-X groups,then use chromogenic substract assay to detect the activation effect of RVV-Ⅹ on coagulation factor Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ and antithrombin,plasminogen,with or without activator.Results In RVV-Ⅹ group,the coagulation factor Ⅶ, Ⅸ and plasminogen displayed weakly enhanced chromogenesis,all P

Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy

Biopsy ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Objective To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on expression of extra-cellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and neurological function in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats so as to offer trial support for clinical application of HBO in TBI.Methods Twenty-four adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,TBI group and HBO treatment group,with eight rats per group.The sham-operation group was free from TBI but skull was opened only but the TBI group was subjected to TBI according to Alice method.TheHBO treatment group was treated with HBO for 10 days ( one time per day) after TBI operation.On day 14,NSS rating was performed in all rats.Then,the rats were sacrificed and cortex of which was obtained to measure the expression of ERK1/2 by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The localization of the expression of ERK was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the changes in ERK protein was analyzed by optical density.Results The NSS score in the HBO group was significantly decreased at day 14 after HBO treatment ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and the expression of ERK1/2 in HBO group was also significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ) in comparison with the TBI group.Conclusions HBO treatment can significantly decrease NSS score and expression of ERK1/2 in acute TBI rats,indicating that HBO may improve neurological function through down-regulating expression of ERK1/2.

Antigens ; analysis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; analysis ; Edetic Acid ; Formaldehyde ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Microwaves ; Palatine Tonsil ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; analysis

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome(MS) in children and adolescents with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Four elementary schools and 4 middle schools were selected from Haidian district in Beijing with representative cluster sampling.Two hundred and eighty obese children(obese group),65 obese children with NAFLD(NAFLD group) and 264 normal weight children(healthy control group) aged 7 to 18 years were recruited from the 8 schools with uncompletely randomized sampling.Data including questionnaire,anthropometric measurements,B type ultrasonographic examination for liver were collected and fasting blood laboratory assay were determined.Variables including triglyceride(TG),adiponectin,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were skewed distribution and natural logarithmical transformations were performed.Chi-square test for category and multiple binary Logistic regression analysis were used to statistical analysis.Results Body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) in obese group and NAFLD group were higher than those in healthy control group.All the chi-square tests for trend among the 3 groups were statistically significant(P

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modulating the inflammatory response during the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), especially the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which will provide new theoretical and experimental basis of MODS in clinic. Methods BMSC of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat (female, 4 weeks) was extracted and cultivated, and the 4th passage were used in experimental study. According to the random number table, 60 female SD rats were divided into three groups (n = 20 per group): sham group, MODS group, BMSC group. MODS model in rats was induced by lipopolysaccaride (LPS, 1 mg/kg) via femoral vein injection. Sham group was injected with the sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) in the same volume. BMSC group, in which BMSC infusion was started at 2 hours after 0.5 mL LPS stimulation (1×106/cells) through the tail vein. The survival rate was observed after 72 hours in each group. Abdominal aortic blood was collected for routine blood and biochemical examination at 72 hours after operation. Protein microarray was used to detect the related 34 inflammatory cytokines. Signal ratio was defined as the differentially expressed factors when it was more than 2.0 or less than 0.5. And enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was be applied to validate the significant inflammation factor. Meanwhile, the heart, kidney, intestine tissue was harvested, then their pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.Results 20, 12, 16 rats lived in sham group, MODS group and BMSC group respectively at 72 hours after operation. Compared with the sham group, the indicators (routine blood, liver and kidney function, myocardial enzyme) were apparently unusual, and the heart, kidney, intestine tissue were injured obviously in the MODS group. After BMSC administration, the organ function was improved and tissue damaged was alleviated significantly. Protein microarray showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were significantly different in 34 goal cytokines. The signal ratio change of IL-4 was 0.397, 1.124, 2.826 respectively, and the signal ratio of RAGE was 6.197, 1.552, 0.250, respectively in MODS/sham group, BMSC/sham group, BMSC/MODS group. ELISA validated the result that the expression level of IL-4 decreased significantly (ng/L:3.59±1.21 vs. 29.10±5.78) and the expression level of RAGE increased significantly (ng/L: 1.09±0.04 vs. 0.11±0.03) in MODS group as compared with sham group (bothP < 0.05). Compared with the MODS group, the level of IL-4 was obviously higher than that in BMSC group (ng/L: 9.59±2.21 vs. 3.59±1.21,P < 0.01), and RAGE decreased significantly (ng/L: 0.29±0.07 vs. 1.09±0.04,P < 0.05).Conclusions BMSC administration can regulate the expression of IL-4 and RAGE in the rats subjected to MODS. Moreover, BMSC can promote the restoration of tissue and organ function, thus improve the survival rate. BMSC may be the target in cell therapy for the inflammatory disease.

Objective: To learn the health literacy level and its influencing factors among junior high school students in Jiaxing, so as to provide basis for health promotion of adolescents. Methods: The junior high school students who had been studying and living in Jiaxing for more than six months were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect general information and health literacy level (including basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behaviors, and basic skills) of these selected students. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for health literacy. Results : Of 1 773 questionnaires collected, 1 738 were valid, accounting for 98.03%. The level of health literacy in the junior high school students in Jiaxing was 22.84% ( 95%CI: 20.87%-24.82% ), The levels of basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behaviors, and basic skills were 55.29% ( 95%CI: 52.95%-57.63% ), 21.75% ( 95%CI: 19.81%-23.69% ), 53.05% ( 95%CI: 50.70%-55.40%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the second grade and above ( OR: 1.609-1.835, 95%CI: 1.195-2.459 ), mother's educational level of technical secondary school/senior high school and above ( OR: 1.965-1.976, 95%CI: 1.276-3.357 ), and self-rated academic achievement of medium and above ( OR: 1.881-2.441, 95%CI: 1.359-3.335 ) were the promoting factors for health literacy level of junior high school students; self rated health status as unhealthy ( OR=0.254, 95%CI: 0.089-0.721 ) was an obstructive factor. Conclusions The health literacy level of the junior high school students in Jiaxing was 22.84%. The level of healthy lifestyle and behaviors was the lowest in three aspects. Grade, mother's educational level, self-rated academic performance and self-rated health status may have impacts on health literacy level of junior high school students.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in the injury of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barrier induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods:The Caco-2 cellular monolayer barrier was established with Transwell chamber. After the Caco-2 monolayer model was established, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were measured. When the TEER value reached 500 Ω·cm 2, the cells were divided into 3 groups: control group, LPS treatment group, and LPS+ ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment group. The concentration of LPS and EP were 100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, separately. Then TEER values were measured at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, and FITC-dextran permeability was detected at 24 h. The cells were seeded on 6-well plates. After cell density reached 80%, treatments were given as the above. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to measure the changes in the protein and mRNA expressions of Occludin, HMGB1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Results:Compared with the control group, the TEER values (Ω·cm 2) reduced at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h in the LPS treatment group [(514.22±12.59) vs (304.96±9.69), (521.65±13.35) vs (276.21±7.82), (523.99±8.18) vs (206.64±15.85), (491.21±6.72) vs (156.33±10.83), all P<0.05]. The FITC-dextran permeability increased significantly at 24 h [(2.58±0.07) vs (1.04±0.06), P<0.05]. The expression levels of Occludin protein and mRNA were decreased (all P<0.05), while the expression levels of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the LPS treatment group, the TEER values (Ω·cm 2) increased significantly at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h in the EP treatment group [(519.00±5.66) vs (304.96±9.69), (504.69±8.57) vs (276.21±7.82), (453.65±10.74) vs (206.64±15.85), (385.28±7.57) vs (156.33±10.83), all P<0.05]. The FITC-dextran permeability decreased at 24 h [(1.23±0.11) vs (2.58±0.07), P<0.05]. The expression level of Occludin protein and mRNA were increased ( P<0.05), while the expression levels of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusions:LPS can injure intestinal barrier directly in vitro and reduces the expression of tight junction proteins between cells. The mechanism may be related to the increased expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein.

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of rat testicular spermatogenic epithelium stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo.

METHODSTwenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. The control group was treated with pyrogen-free saline (1 ml/kg) and the experimental group was injected ip with saline containing LPS (1 mg/kg) once every two days. Two groups were operated after ten days in order to investigate the testicular pathological changes by HE staining and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen( PCNA), alpha-catenin in spermatogenic epithelium by immunohistochemistry assay.

RESULTSThe testes of the experimental group showed inflammatory changes. The positive expression of PCNA in seminiferous epithelium was significantly lower than that of control group. The number of positive cells in every seminiferous, in which only spermatogonia were stained in experimental group were 59 +/- 5 and it showed significant decrease compared with the control (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the percentage of such seminiferous tubules was 0.673 +/- 0.054 and increased apparently (P < 0.01). The expression of alpha-catenin in testicular tissue of the experimental group declined (P < 0.01), and cellular positive granular light density was 0.150 +/- 0.014.

CONCLUSIONThe ability of spermatogonium proliferation and the function of conglutination of cells under inflammatory condition of the testes declined, which may be one of the etiologies of male infertility.

Animals ; Bacterial Toxins ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Orchitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seminiferous Epithelium ; metabolism ; alpha Catenin ; metabolism