Objective Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the most active agent in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC) is a cytosine analogue that inhibits DNA methylation and the activity in myeloid leukemia. Therefore,we investigated combining these two drugs in human leukemia cell line K562. Methods The effects of IM and DAC was examined in K562 cells including cell viability using MTT method,cell cycle phase and cell death using flow cytometric (FCM),and the expression of bcr-abl mRNA by RT-PCR. Results Both DAC and IM resulted in time and concentration-dependent induction of cell death. DAC and IM in combination produced a greater inhibition of growth against K562 cells (F =43.947,165.580,321.193,296.101,P<0.05). The main effect and interaction between two drugs was statistically significant (F = 202.759,168.457,417.538,P <0.001) after 24 h,48 h,72 h and a greater reduction in expression of bcr-abl mRNA than either agent alone. The difference was statistically significant (F =71.981,P <0.05). The number of G1 phase cells were increased significantly when induced by single agent. 48 h incubation with IM 0.2 μmol/L alone or combined with DAC 4 μmol/L showed 6.7 %,8.4 % pre-apoptosis cells,respectively. After incubation for 48 h with DAC 4 μmol/L,the expression of mRNA were decreased by 14 %,IM 0.2 μmol/L showed 40 % reduction,and combination group were significantly depressed for the mRNA expression by 60 %. Conclusion The combination of DAC and IM showed synergistic effects on cell death in K562 cells. These data suggested that DAC used in combination with IM has clinical potential in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Objective To evaluate the value of a CT ribs unfolding algorithm in the diagnosis of rib fracture. Methods Retrospective analysis of 180 patients who suffered chest trauma to do the chest or/and abdominal CT examination, and they also had the surgical or CT referral information. The images of these patients were postprocessed by software(Bone Reading software)and hand-drawn method(multi-point hand-painted CPR method). The rib fracture was observed and the time of reading was record. The diagnosis of fractures was confirmed by follow-up review or surgery. The fractures diagnosis sensitivity of the two post-treatment methods were measured, and the McNemar test was used to compare the difference between the software method and the hand-drawn method. Results Eight patients were excluded due to program failure, 172 cases were included in the study. Of the 172 patients, 63 patients suffered 259 fractures(178 ribs). The sensitivity of the software group was 91.7％(475/518), which was higher than that of the hand-painted group(86.3％, 447/518), the difference was statistically significant(P=0.005). The time of reading were (30.3 ± 3.3)and(173.2 ± 4.5)s, respectively, and the difference had statistically significant(P=0.001). Conclusion Compared to the traditional CPR method, the bone reading technique was used in patients with rib fractures during thoracic CT postprocessing can shorten the reading time and increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis.

Objective To establish a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for content determination of geniposide in Biyuanshu Oral Liquid. Methods Acetaminophen was used as an internal standard, and the separation was performed on an uncoated fused silica capillary of 52 cm × 50 μm ID (42 cm effective length) with the separation voltage of 25.0 kV. The running buffer contained 50 mmol/L borax, 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 15％ acetonitrile (pH=10). The sample was injected by pressure (10 s, 0.5 psi) and detected at 238 nm. Results Geniposide was in good linearity range of 15.02–320.48 μg/mL (r=0.9995). The repeatability (low, medium and high concentration of samples) and intermediate precision assays gave satisfactory RSD values of less than 1.77％and 2.01％, respectively. The average recovery of geniposide in Biyuanshu Oral Liquid was 97.50％ and the RSD was 4.43％. The contents of geniposide determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography were in accordance with the results of HPLC analysis. Conclusion The method is simple, fast, accurate and precise, which can be used for the content determination of geniposide in Biyuanshu Oral Liquid.

Objective To explore the present condition of endemic arsenism, the implementation of control measures and the effect of the monitored county (Tongyu County) and the monitoring spot (Baiyintuhai Village) in 2006 and 2007. Methods According to the National Survey Scheme of Endemic Arsenism, the progress of anti-arsenic water in Tongyu, and the management and running of all engineering projects and the arsenic content in water were surveyed. The patients with endemic arsenism in Tongyu were generally surveyed. The arsenic content of the improved drinking water in Tongyu and the arsenic in urine of children aged 8-12 and adults over 18 years of age were determinted. The causes of resident death in the monitoring spot from the year of 2006 and 2007 were investigated. Arsenic content of drinking water and the urine of local residents was examined with "Model AFS-930 Double-Channel Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer". Results There were 30 endemic arsenism areas, 157 areas with high arsenic content and all population of 57 576 in Tongyu. Six areas had improved water till 2006, where 20.0% of water had improved, and six water-improving projects were all running normally, benefiting a population of 1670. Eight high arsenic areas changed water, in a rate of 5.09%. Eight water-improving projects were functioning well, benefiting a population of 4350. Until 2007, 28 areas had improved water in Tongyu, accounting for 93.33%. These 28 projects were well running, covering a population of 7980. One hundred and fouty-eight high arsenic areas had changed water, reaching a rate of 94.27%. One hundred and fouty-eight projects changedg water were running normally, benefiting a population of 46 214. In the surveyed spots, arsenic content was between 0.004 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L in 2006 and between 0.010 mg/L and 0.021 mg/L in 2007, all in the normal range to the time being. The arsenic contents in urine of the children aged 8-12 in the monitoring spots were determinted, averaging at 0.024 mg/L in 15 samples, fluctuating between 0.005 mg/L and 0.048 mg/L in 2006. The average content in urine from adults was 0.019 mg/L in 53 samples, fluctuating between 0.005 mg/L and 0.087 mg/L in 2007. The arsenic contents in urine were all in the normal range in 2006 and 2007. In 2006 14 endemic arsenism patients, all in light symptoms, had been checked out, the morbidity being 6.19%. In 2007, 17 patients who were all in light symptoms were identified in a rate of 6.94%. There was no significant difference of morbidity between the two years(χ2=0.1059, P>0.05). Two patients died, unrelating with drinking high arsenic water in 2006 and 2007. Conclusions The prevention and control measures are well implemented in Tongyu. The water-improving projects are functioning well. The condition of endemic arsenism is slight and hasn't changed so much in these two years. The arsenic contents in urine of children and adults within the normal range, showing that improving water can control the occurrence and the development of endemic arsenism.

OBJECTIVETo review the history, development, and reality of neuronavigation surgery in China and to discuss the future of neuronavigation surgery.

DATA SOURCESPubMed, the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched for papers published from 1995 to the present with the key words "neuronavigation," functional navigation," "image-guided," and "stereotaxy." Articles were reviewed for additional citations, and some information was gathered from Web searches.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles related to neuronavigation surgery in China were selected, with special attention to application to brain tumors.

RESULTSSince the introduction of neurosurgical navigation to China in 1997, this core technique in minimally invasive neurosurgery has seen rapid development. This development has ranged from brain structural localization to functional brain mapping, from static digital models of the brain to dynamic brain-shift compensation models, and from preoperative image-guided surgery to intraoperative real-time image-guided surgery, and from application of imported equipment and technology to use of equipment and technology that possess Chinese independent intellectual property rights.

CONCLUSIONSThe development and application of neuronavigation techniques have made neurological surgeries in China more safe, precise and effective, and less invasive, and promoted the quality of Chinese neurosurgical practice to the rank of the most advance and excellence in the world.

Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; China ; Humans ; Neuronavigation ; methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods

The characteristics of On-line Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology are introduced and its applications in various industries, such as petro-chemical, pharmaceutical, agriculture and food are reviewed. Considering the features in TCM manufacturing, the application potentials of On-line Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology in Manufacturing TCM are forecasted and the key problems to be solved are discussed.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

This study was aimed to investigate the impact of specific siRNA on survivin gene in transfected lymphoma cell line and provide experimental evidences for future treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted survivin mRNA was synthesized in vitro and was transfected into Jeko-1 that showed high survivin expression in mRNA level. The levels of survivin mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. The apoptosis effect was examined by calculating the ratio of Annexin V-FITC/PI positive cells using flow cytometry. The inhibition of cell proliferation was assayed with CCK-8 reagent after transfection. The results showed that expression of survivin mRNA was markedly suppressed by the siRNA. The relative expression levels were 0.49 ± 0.03, 0.38 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.02 at time points of 24, 48 and 72 h respectively, compared with the control group; the inhibitive rates of cell proliferation were (31.2 ± 2.1)%, (43.3 ± 3.4)% and (52.6 ± 2.5)%; the apoptotic rates of cells were (6.3 ± 0.5)%, (13.5 ± 1.1)% and (23.6 ± 1.6)% respectively; survivin protein expression levels were gradually reduced. It is concluded that the siRNA targeting survivin down-regulates the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein evidently. The siRNA of survivin displays the potent ability to inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cell line Jeko-1; survivin may become a potential molecular target for the therapy of lymphoma in the future.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis effect of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line (DLBCL) SUDHL-4 induced by IL-21 and its related mechanism.

METHODSSUDHL-4 cells were treated with IL-21 at different concentration (1000 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, respectively. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell growth curves were drawn and half inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values were calculated. The cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), the expression of the caspase-9, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bid, Bax and c-myc protein in SUDHL-4 cells treated with IL-21 by western blot, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bid, Bax, c-myc by Survivin gene with RT-PCR.

RESULTSIL-21 markedly inhibited SUDHL-4 cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 48 hIC(50) was 140.9ng/ml; The FCM showed that the apoptosis proportion of SUDHL-4 cells treated with 100 ng/ml of IL-21 apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC(+) positive cells) gradually increased (48 h: 19.7 ± 2.3%). The protein expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased in a time-dependent manner. The Bax and c-myc protein markedly increased, but the Bid protein level did not change. IL-21 up regulated c-myc and Bax gene expression, however down regulated Bcl-2 and BCL-XL gene expression, but the gene expression of Bid and Survivin hadn't been changed significantly.

CONCLUSIONSIL-21 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SUDHL-4 cell. The mechanism may involve in endogenous mitochondrial pathway mediated by the c-myc and the Bcl-2 genes.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Interleukins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify the mutation in transforming growth factor-beta1 gene (TGF beta1) in a Chinese patient with Camurati-Engelmann disease(CED).

METHODSDenaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis was performed on the whole seven coding exons and exon-intron boundaries, then the mutation was identified by direct sequencing.

RESULTSMutation screening of TGF beta1 in this patient revealed a heterozygous missense mutation R218H in exon 4.

CONCLUSIONThe identification of the mutation could provide essential data for subsequent therapy and genetic counseling.

Base Sequence ; Camurati-Engelmann Syndrome ; genetics ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; Young Adult

Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Microdissection ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods