Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes

Trehalose is a naturally occurring non-reducing disaccharide. This sugar has been known as a protector of biomembrane and macromolecules. And it has been widely used in foods, medicines, cosmetics. Trehalose synthase (TreS) is an intramolecular transglycosylase. It can catalyze the conversion of maltose into trehalose in one step. As the simple protocol and cheap substrate, it is very prospect in the industrial production. Here we have discussed the properties, catalytic mechanism and gene-engineering of TreS, and also proposed some solutions to its present research problems.

OBJECTIVETo probe into essence of meridians.

METHODSTo examine meridians, acupoints, brain and relative organs by SQUID and fMRI, and to analyze the results.

CONCLUSIONA relative stable circular current of electromagnetic and chemical oscillation along the low electric resistance pathway was found. Competition of different frequency oscillation often yield resonance in some positions of the human body so as to form "oscillatory network" and "strange point" with the electromagnetic and chemical oscillation circulating dominant position in the body, which is possibly meridians and acupoints with regulative actions. The brain is the center of meridians. In different physiological or pathological process, characteristic changes and negatively correlative phenomenon of electromagnetic spectrum at acupoints and the brain are possibly key mechanisms in dynamic regulation of meridians.

OBJECTIVETo approach to the intrinsic mechanism of meridian regulation.

METHODSSummarize and analyze the results of the author's studies and the development of other studies about life regulating and meridian at home and abroad.

CONCLUSIONThe regulating mechanism of meridians has two levels. The macroscopic regulation center is the brain, and the microscopic regulation base is the energy and informational current that depends on electromagnetic and chemical oscillation mainly. The meridian regulation is the process of the energy and informational system communicating and implicating with the material system. Neuroendocrine is the link of communicating and implicating, and Ca2+ oscillation frequencies exert intermediary function between the two systems.

OBJECTIVETo expound the relationship between meridians and the human two information systems, material system and energy system.

METHODSSummarize and analyze the results of experimental and other studies.

CONCLUSIONThe carrier of the meridian is human material system. The nerve, body fluid, microcirculation and chemical factors take part in meridian circulation, and it must depend on the energy information system which works mainly at the form of electromagnetic and chemical oscillation with functions of physiological regulation and pathological repair. Oscillation parameters include various signals of regulating development and physiologic activities, and coordinate functions of organs and tissues. The meridians have the "quantum" characteristics, material particles coexist and exchange each other with electromagnetic and chemical oscillation characteristic.

The effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination within different concentration on SPL proliferate were observed by MTT method. The ratio of CD80/86, CD3CD25 and CD3CD69 was used to evaluate cell activation effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination by FCM. Guizhi Fuling capsule with concentration of 400 mg · L(-1)can promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation, as well as the active ingredient combination, which showed the obvious dose-effect relationship. Compared with control group, the difference has statistical significance (P≤0.01). The result of FCM showed that Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination can promote CD80 and CD86 expression on spleen lymphocyte, and also can increase CD25 and CD69 ratio between spleen CD3+ cells. Compared with control group, the difference has statistical significance (P≤0.01). Thus, Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination may have immune-modulate effects, and the mechanism may have a close relationship with the lymphocyte activation.
Animals ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS) combined with home-based portable monitoring(PM) in the diagnosis of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). METHODS Adult OSAS patients who visited Beijing Tongren Hospital and complained of snoring were included in this study. The overnight polysomnography(PSG) and the ESS were completed at the sleep center and the portable multi-channel monitoring was completed within one week. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their apnea hypopnea index(AHI) of PSG: simple snoring or mild OSAS group(AHI<15/h) and moderate-severe group(AHI≥15/h). The ESS score, respiratory disturbance index(RDI) of PM and other parameters were compared and the correlation of AHI with ESS scores, RDI were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of ESS score≥9 points, RDI≥15/h in the diagnosis of moderate-severe OSAS were calculated. RESULTS A total of 51 subjects were included in this study with 42 males(82.4％) and 9 females(17.6％). Mean age was(43.8±10.8) years, and the mean body mass index was(27.9±4.5)kg/m2; ESS scored 1-24 points and mean(8.6±5.0) points, 18 cases with ESS score ≥9 points; AHI ranged between 2.5 and 99.8/h with a mean of(37.4±29.8)/h. There were 19(37.3％) and 32(62.7％) patients in snoring-mild group and moderate-severe group, respectively. There was significant difference for ESS scores between the two groups(9.9±5.1 vs 6.6±4.2 points, P<0.05),RDI in moderate-severe OSAS group was significantly higher than that in snoring-mild group[(49.4±23.1)/h vs (6.8±4.5)/h, P<0.001)]. There was a positive correlation between the ESS score and PSG derived AHI(r =0.435, P =0.002); the PM derived RDI were significantly correlated with PSG derived AHI in snoring-mild group(r =0.706, P=0.001), moderate-severe group(r =0.873, P=0.000) and patients with ESS score ≥9 points(r =0.967, P=0.000). At a PSG threshold AHI=15/h, the sensitivity and specificity for ESS score ≥9 points were 45.2％ and 78.9％; the PM derived RDI≥15/h had a sensitivity and specificity of 84.4％ and 84.2％, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity for each individual screening tool along with the combination of ESS and PM were 100.0％ and 100.0％. CONCLUSION ESS combined with PM diagnostic method is a valuable measure for the diagnosis of moderate and severe OSAS patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome on the quality of life of the patients. METHODS The quality of life was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 Health Survey in 145 patients with OSAHS and 17 snorers without OSAHS. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness was assessed with Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Pearson linear correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to study the association between each domain score of SF-36 and patients information,PSG parameters,EDS scores. RESULTS Three domains of SF-36 correlated negatively with Body Mass Index. Four domains correlated negatively with EDS. Three domains and total score correlated significantly with the lowest oxygen saturation. Two domains correlated negatively with the longest time of apnea. AHI and the lowest oxygen saturation have a mild side effect on the quality of life. BMI and EDS score have significantly side effect on the quality of the life. CONCLUSION Comparing to the mild OSAHS patients and snorers without OSAHS,the severe OSAHS patients have worse quality of life. EDS score and BMI have a significantly side effect on the severe OSAHS patients. OSAHS has a side effect on the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To investigate the fulfillment of improved water measures for endemic fluomsis and to find out the trend of prevalence in Qinghai Province in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis.Methods Usage and management of reforming water facilities in Huzhu County were generally surveyed.Yanya Village,Caijiabu Town,Huzhu County was chosen as the surveillance spot.The household drinking water was surveyed.The dental fluorosis and urine fluoride content of children aged 8-12 years and adult above 16 years were examined.Skeletal fluorosis of adult was checked.The fluomsis content in drinking water and urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode method.The dental fluowsis was examined with Dean index.Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to eountry standard(GB 16396-1996.WS 192-1999).Results The rate of water-improving was 60%(36/60)in Huzhu County.The mean of fluoride content in drinking water Was 1.25 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 90.20%(46/51);that of adult was 88.89%(48/54).The dental fluorosis index of children was 1.77,that of adult was 2.95.The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 98.15% indicated by clinical data,18.87% by X-ray.The ufine fluorosis content of children was 2.27 mg/L,that of adult was 2.00 mg/L.Conclusion The disease condition of endemic fluorosis in Qinshai is serious,defluofidation is slow in effect.

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes in ultra-micro-structural of pulmonary arteries and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rats with left-right shunt.Methods Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of pulmonary artery structural remodeling. After 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of experiment, the ultra-micro-morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under electronic microscope and H_2S concentration in serum was evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries were progressively exacerbated, endothelial cells became swollen and large in size on 3 days, smooth muscular cells increased in size as well as the change of endothelial cells in 1 week, and they changed from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype in 4 weeks.Conclusions Shunt exhibited changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries are accompanied by the changes of endogenous H_2S. It is suggested that endogenous H_2S might play a protective role in changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary artery.