China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

Objective To learn the information about the parents' knowledge and inquiry to the nursing participating of the consultant. Methods One hundred and twenty cases of parents were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire. The rates of grade data was accomplished with statistical analysis. Results Knowledge of consultant: 82.5 percent eases parents knew their fight of consultant provided by the hospital. 70.32 percent of parents were satisfied with the nursing consultant for them. Parents of different ages had different ideas about the consultant contents and ranges provided by the doctors and nurses (P < 0.01). Styles of consulting: 67.5 percent of parents wanted to be consulted in prior. 53.33 percent wanted to be consulted at the suitable situation and be informed part of the contents. 78.53 percent wanted to be informed by the nurse in charge of the children. Lines of the consulting contents : the former three ones are as followings, staff of the department, environment, rules and discipline;kinds of the diet;function of the medication, purposes of the tests, items to be care about. Conclusions Parents agreed with the nursing consulting in the practice of medical affairs. More sufficient nursing consultants were needed. Consultant was the basic insure of their informed consents.

Objective To observe effects of rosuvastatin on the expres-sion of interleukin -10 ( IL-10 ) and interleukin -18 ( IL -18 ) in rats with focal cerebral ischemia -reperfusion.Methods Rats were randomly assigned into three groups:sham operation group ( sham group ) ,focal cere-bral ischemia-reperfusion group ( model group ) and rosuvastatin precondi-tioning group ( test group ) .Before making a model , the rats in the test group were lavaged with rosuvastatin 5 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ,once a day for 10 consecutive days.The middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion model was made by the suture method (ischemia for 1 hour, and reperfusion for 12 hours ).The level of IL-10 and IL-18 expression were measured by ELISA and PCR.Results Compared with model group , the expression of IL-10 significantly was increased while the expression of IL -18 was significantly decreased in test group (P<0.05).Conclusion Rosuvastatin can regulate IL-10 and IL-18 levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia -reperfusion, which was new treatment targets for cerebral ischemia.

Objective To observe the effects of rosuvastatin on the expression of interleukin-1β( IL -1β) and interleukin -12 ( IL-12 ) in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: Sham operation group, focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group(model group) and rosu-vastatin preconditioning group ( test group) .Before making a model, the rats in the test group were lavaged with rosuvastatin 5 mg· kg-1 · d-1 , once a day for consecutive days.The middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfu-sion model was made by the suture method ( ischemia for 1 hour, and reperfusion for 12 hours).The level of IL-1βand IL-12 expression were measured by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ).Results Compared with model group, the expression of IL-1βand IL-12 in the rats of test group were downregulated ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion Rosuvastatin can relieve the brain damage induced by focal cerebral ischemia -reperfusion, whose mechanisms seemed related to inhibiting the expression of IL-1βand IL-12.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the influence of knowledge about hypertension and clinical competence among physicians in district and community hospitals on management of hypertensives.

METHODSQuestionnaire investigation was used in 9 district and community hospitals in Chaoyang and Haidian district, including 181 physicians and 204 patients with hypertension.

RESULTS(1) The hospitals involved were divided into two groups according to our evaluation on the knowledge of hypertension and clinical competence of physicians. Four hospitals were graded as high-score group and 5 hospitals as low-score group. (2) There was no significant difference on physicians' evaluation between district and community hospitals. There was higher proportion of hypertensives with instructed physical exercises, reducing salt ingestion, psychological balance and weight reduction in district hospitals than those in community ones. (3) The proportion of hypertensives who were examined with funduscopy, ambulatory pressure and instructed with physical exercises, reducing salt ingestion and weight reduction in high-score group was obviously higher than that in low-score group. The control rates of blood pressure, on the days of examination during lastest check-up or the past three months, were significantly higher in high-score group than in low-score group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONKnowledge of hypertension and clinical management competence among physicians in district and community hospitals did influence the management of hypertension and education of physicians and thus should be increased.

Clinical Competence ; standards ; Delivery of Health Care ; standards ; Directive Counseling ; standards ; Education, Medical ; standards ; Hospitals, Community ; classification ; standards ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Patient Care ; standards ; Physicians ; standards

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical feature and more reasonable diagnostic typing criteria for patients with liver failure.

METHODS13/21 cases of ALF, SALF with no past liver disease, 49/72 cases of with chronic hepatitis, and 23/73 cases ALF, SALF with liver cirrhosis, were analyzed respectively.

RESULTS1 ALF patients (1). There exist significant statistic differences in ALB, ALT, CHE in three ALF groups.(2). It had statistic differences in those patients with hepatic encephalopathy.(3). The prognosis of the patients with chronic hepatitis group (42.85 percent) was best than that of chronic cirrhosis (26.09 percent) and no past liver disease (15.38 percent). (2) In SALF patients (1). There exist significant statistic differences in ALB, GLO, ALT, AST, BDIL, GLU and CHE in three SALF groups.(2). It had statistic differences in those patients with hepatic encephalopathy in three SALF groups.(3). The prognosis of the patients with chronic hepatitis group (51.39 percent) was best than that of chronic cirrhosis (36.85 percent) and no past liver disease (33.33 percent).

CONCLUSIONThere are different clinic feature and prognosis in three ALF or SALF groups, so we suggest that it were clinic practicability and science in classify of liver failure at present.

Humans ; Liver Failure ; classification ; Liver Failure, Acute ; classification ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo understand the use of lipidemia related assistant examinations and lipid-lowering agents, the clinical ability among physicians in district and community hospitals in Beijing, and to evaluate the capability of dislipidemia diagnosis and treatment in these hospitals.

METHODSA survey was carried out in 42 hospitals in Chaoyang and Haidian district, including 9 district level hospitals, and the rest were at the community level. Questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were used to collect information from the leaders of related departments in those hospitals. A total number of 632 physicians in those hospitals were investigated, using a close book examination.

RESULTS100% of the hospitals could perform TC and TG tests; 87.5% and 72.5% of the hospitals had medications as statins and bile acid, respectively; 100% of the hospitals could test ALT and 40.0% of the hospitals could test CK. The correct rates of selecting treatment strategy and determining the appropriate treatment goals were 53.7% and 17.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe hardware condition of community hospitals seem to have satisfied the implicit requirements of dyslipidemia evaluation and treatment but it was essential to improve the knowledge and ability among physicians in community hospitals.

China ; Data Collection ; Dyslipidemias ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Hospitals, Community ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

The aim of this study was to detect the nerve growth factor (NGF) level in serum and NGF low affinity acceptor CD271 expression on bone marrow leukemic cells in acute B lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL) patients and to analyze their clinical significance. The NGF level in serum and CD271 expression on leukemic cells in bone marrow were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry in B-ALL patients respectively. The results indicated that compared with control group, the NGF level in serum of patient group significantly increased (t = 4.191, p < 0.05), but CD271 expression on leukemic cells in bone marrow decreased significantly (t = 4.898, p < 0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate of 25 B-ALL patients was 64% (16/25) after one course of CVAD chemotherapy. There were statistically significant differences of NGF level and CD271 expression in non-remission (NR) group and control group (t = 3.976, p < 0.05 vs t = 5.052, p < 0.05), but there were no statistically difference of NGF level and CD271 expression in CR group (t = 1.102, p > 0.05 vs t = 1.150, p > 0.05) as compared with control group. The CD271 expression before and after chemotherapy between CR and NR groups showed statistically significant differences (t = 3.889, p < 0.05; t = 3.751, p < 0.05 and t = 4.678, p < 0.05 respectively), but NGF level before and after chemotherapy showed no statistical difference between these 2 groups (t = 0.476, p > 0.05). 50% (8/16) patients relapsed during following up, and of their NGF level [(168.00 ± 61.66) pg/ml] and CD271 expression [(52.29 ± 13.00)%] showed the significantly differences, compared with those in control group (t = 5.284, p < 0.05 vs. t = 6.073, p < 0.05), but the NGF level [(81.13 ± 25.32) pg/ml] and CD271 expression [(78.45 ± 7.12)%] of other 8 patients showed no statistical difference as compared with control group (t = 1.228, p > 0.05 vs t = 1.144, p > 0.05). Compared with low NGF level and CD271 low expression groups, the survival time of B-ALL patients with high NGF level and CD271 expression was not changed significantly (p = 0.750 vs p = 0.170). It is concluded that the increased NGF level in serum and decreased CD271 expression on bone marrow leukemic cells in B-ALL patients are related with leukemia development and may be the useful indexes to evaluate curative effect and prognosis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factor ; blood ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; blood ; metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS between heterosexual and homosexual men who have had sex with men.

METHODSTarget sampling, anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare sexual behaviors between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total amount of sex partners with same-sex was 13.8 on average among heterosexual men including 3.8 with male partners in the past 6 months. Numbers of male partners who had oral sex with was 10.5 and anal sex was 12.4 which were both less than with same sex. Among heterosexual men, the total number of female partners was 4.9 on average but number of female partners in the past 6 months was 1.7 which were both more than that among the homosexuals who were all in marriage status. The rate of condom use was 68.8% (lower than that among homosexual men), among heterosexual men when having sex with men. The rate of condom use among heterosexual men during last anal intercourse was 91.3% with male partners or 63.7% with females. Both figures were higher than that among the homosexuals. The rates of condom use among the two groups were 91.3% and 71.0% respectively during the last anal intercourse with men which were higher than the corresponding rate of condom use during the last oral sex. The rate of heterosexual men who ever had engaged in group sex was 9.9% in the previous year and the incidence of bleeding was 16.7% during sexual intercourse. 11.4% of them reported ever having had sex with partners from other areas in the last year and 4.2% had experienced same-sex harassment before 16 years of age. 4.6% had paid for male-male sex. All these figures were lower than that of the homosexuals.

CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS showed much difference in the two groups which called for attention among these groups of MSM.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adult ; Condoms ; utilization ; Heterosexuality ; statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the change of the basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) leve in human detrusor muscle(DM)in bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)due to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and its implication.Methods Fifty-four patients with BPH were divided into two groups:the obstructive DM stability and instability groups;and 15 men with bladder tumor who underwent operation in the same period were enrolled in the control group.The bFGF mRNA level in DM was measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and the bFGF protein level was measured by immunohistochemical staining method.Results The bFGF-mRNA expression level of bladder smooth muscle cells was significantly lower in the control group than that in the obstructive DM stability and instability groups(all P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the obstructive DM stability and instability groups(P＞0.05). Conclusions The expression level of bFGF mRNA in bladder DM is elevated in BOO due to BPH,but there is little or no correlation between the increased expression of bFGF mRNA and detrusor muscle instability.