?AIM:To evaluate the incidence and clinical properties of dry eye after phacoemulsification in age-related cataract patients.?METHODS: Samples were collected from 145 age -related cataract patients (145 eyes).Dry eye was analyzed at 0, 7, 30, 90 and 180d after phacoemulsification by 1 ) Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire ( OSDI ) , 2 ) tear meniscus height ( TMH ) , 3 ) corneal fluorescein staining, 4) tear film break-up time (BUT), 5)SchirmerⅠtest( SⅠt) .?RESULTS:The symptoms and signs of dry eye, such as narrowing of TMH, shorting of BUT, decreasing of SⅠt, cornea staining by fluorescein, occurred as early as 7d post-phacoemulsification and were measured by OSDI questionnaire and 4 additional clinical tests.Over the six-month observation the severity of dry eye peaked at 30d and then gradually relieved.? CONCLUSION: The severity of dry eye after phacoemulsification peaked at 30d and gradually improved over time. Considering the characteristics of ocular surface for aged people ophthalmologists should pay more concern on evaluating the occurring of dry eye after phacoemulsification so as to improve the life quality of these people.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative arytenoid dislocation.
Methods From September 2003 to August 2013, the records of 16 patients with a history of postoperative arytenoid dislocation were reviewed. Patients matched in terms of date and type of procedures were chosen as the controls (n=16). Recorded data for all patients were demographics, smoking status, alcoholic status, preoperative physical status, airway evaluation, intubation procedures, preoperative laboratory test results, anesthetic consumption and intensive care unit stay. For arytenoid dislocation cases, we further analyzed the incidences of the left and right arytenoid dislocation, and the outcomes of surgical repair and conservative treatment. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and were compared using the chi-squared test. Continuous variables were expressed as means±SD and compared using the Student’s unpaired t-test. To determine the predictors of arytenoid dislocation, a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.
Results Sixteen patients with postoperative arytenoid dislocation were enrolled, with a median age of 52 years. Most postoperative arytenoid dislocation patients (15/16, 93.75%) received surgical repair, except one patient who recovered after conservative treatment. None of the postoperative arytenoid dislocation patients were smokers. Red blood cell (P=0.044) and hemoglobin (P=0.031) levels were significantly lower among arytenoid dislocation cases compared with the controls.
Conclusions Non-smoking and anemic patients may be susceptible to postoperative arytenoid dislocation. However, neither of them was independent risk factor for postoperative arytenoid dislocation.

Forty batches of Lonicerae Japonica Fse i collected extensively and prepared as the test solution. Their chromatographic fingerprints and anti-influenza virus IC50 value (half maximal inhibitory concentration) were determined respectively. Then Unscrambler software was used, and spectrum-efficient correlation analysis was done for chromatographic fingerprints data and IC50 data by partial least squares regression method, to establish spectrum-efficient correlation model for anti-influenza virus of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Then the other 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were used to verify the model and explore the adaptability of this spectrum-efficient correlation model based on partial least squares regression method. The mathematical model obtained R2 of 0.969489 and RM-SEC of 0.070691 for calibration set; R2 of 0.959042 and RMSECV of 0.084005 for cross validation set. The verification experiment results showed that the relative error between the predicted values and measured values was within 10% in all 10 hatches, and within 5% in 80% of them. The results showed that the established spectrum-efficient correlation model could be used to evaluate the biological activity of anti-influenza virus of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos by determining its HPLC fingerprints.
Antiviral Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Orthomyxoviridae ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of huatan jiangqi capsule (HJC) on the expression levels and functions of multi-drug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in the bronchial epithelial cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model rats, and to explore the mechanism of HJC for treating COPD.

METHODSTwenty-four male wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, and HJC group. Except the normal control group, the COPD rat model was established in the rest groups using quantitative stimulation with tobacco, SO2, and caroid aerosol rebreathing method. The indices of the post-treatment lung functions, the cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the pathological features of the lung tissue were observed. The concentration of LTC, in lung tissues was also examined by ELISA. The expression of MRP1 of the pulmonary tracheal epithelium was detected using immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTS(1) The pulmonary compliance, the forced expiratory volume at 0. 3 second (FEV 0.3%)/the forced vital capacity (FVC), the peak expiratory flow, the maximum mid expiratory flow decreased more significantly in the model group than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The aforesaid pulmonary function indices obviously increased in the HJC group when compared with the model group (P < 0.05). (2) The air inflammation was aggravated with obvious emphysema in the model group. The inflammation and emphysema occurred in the HJC group in a milder degree. (3) Compared with the normal control group, the levels of LTC4 significantly increased in the lung tissue of the model group and HJC group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of LTC4 significantly decreased in the lung tissues of the HJC group (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the normal control group, the protein expression of the bronchial epithelial MRP1 significantly decreased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the protein expression of the bronchial epithelial MRP1 were significantly enhanced in the HJC group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHJC could effectively alleviate the lung inflammation, postpone the occurrence and development of COPD possibly through effecting the functions and expressions of MRP1 in COPD rats.

Animals ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Male ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the effect of leptin on the tolerance of cultured rat brain astrocytes to ischemia and hypoxia.Methods The brain astrocytes isolated from neonatal SD rats,after purification and identification,were incubated in serum-and glucose-flee medium in the presence of 5%CO2+95%N2 for 90 min to induce isehemic and hypoxic injury. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of the leptin receptors Ob-Ra and Ob-Rb in the cells, and colorimetry was used to measure the content of malonaldehyde(MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in the cell supematant.The expression level ofglial fibrillary acidicprotein(GFAP)in the cells was detected with fluorescence immunocytochemistry.Results Ischemic and hypoxic exposure of the cells induced obvious cell necrosis.Compared with the cells without the exposure,significantly decreased Ob-Rb expression(0.52±0.01 vs 1.32±0.01,P<0.05)and increased MDA,LDH and GFAP levels(709.68±47.16 vs 516.13±29.08,3.94±0.36 vs 1.81±0.21,and 0.122±0.016 vs 0.057±0.006,respectively,P<0.05) occurred after the exposure,whereas the expression level of Ob-Ra underwent no significant changes(3.87±0.13 vs 3.96±0.24,P>0.05). Compared with the exposed cells,the leptin-treated cells showed a significant reduction in MDA levels(3.94±0.36 vs 3.19±0.25,P<0.05) with significantly increased GFAP expression(0.057±0.006 vs 0.109±0.008, P<0.05)after the exposure, and the cells maintained basically intact cell morphology.Conclusion With neuroprotective effects against ischemic neuronal injuries,leptin canimprove the tolerance of rat brain astrocytes to ischemia and hypoxia.

OBJECTIVETo rapidly and sensitively detect the four virulence-associated factors of Streptococcus suis, a multiplex PCR was developed.

METHODSIn the process of this reaction, four distinct DNA targets were amplified. One target was based on the serotype 2 (and 1/2) specific cps gene and the others were based on Streptococcus suis mrp, epf (epf*) and sly gene, encoding the MRP, EF(EF*) and Sly proteins of Streptococcus suis. 72 isolates, which including 48 strains of Streptococcus suis and 24 strains of negative control, and 49 clinical specimens were detected by the multiplex PCR assay.

RESULTSAll PCR products were detected by electrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gels. With the 48 Streptococcus suis strains, the positive detection rates of cps2+, mrp+, epf+, epf*+ and sly+ were 16/48, 14/48, 12/48, 3/48 and 26/48,respectively. The results were confirmed by bacteriological examination. There were no specific amplification products including 49 clinical specimens and 24 negative control strains.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that multiplex PCR was a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of virulence-associated factors of streptococcus suis.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Streptococcus suis ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Virulence Factors ; genetics

AIMTo explore the effect of rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury on leptin levels in serum and myocardium, and discuss the role of leptin in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

METHODSA myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model of rats was established, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and leptin levels were detected, and histopathological changes and leptin expressions in myocardium were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

RESULTSSerum LDH of ischemia and reperfusion groups increased significantly (P < 0.05), suggesting the model was successfully established and a certain degree of local myocardial injury was induced. Serum leptin of ischemia group (6.34 +/- 2.49) ng/ml was significantly lower than control group (7.50 +/- 2.93 ng/ml, P <0.05). Leptin levels recovered gradually after reperfusion, reached (8.32 +/- 1.74)ng/ml at 2 h after reperfusion, which recovered to the level before injury (8.38 +/- 2.56) ng/ml, and showed a trend to increase as reperfusion time was elongated. Immunohistochemistry results showed that as compared with sham-operation group, myocardial leptin protein expressions of the other four groups were all significantly lower (P < 0.01), and decreased in order by 45 min ischemia/1 h reperfusion, 45 min ischemia/3 h reperfusion, 45 min ischemia and 45 min ischemia/2 h reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONLeptin level in the blood decreases significantly at the early 45 min after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and its expression in myocardium also decreases significantly. There may be a certain relationship between the pathological injury of myocardium and the changes of leptin.

Animals ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Leptin ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of the detection of a 4-marker (ER, VIM, CEA and p16) panel in the differential diagnosis of primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas.

METHODSImmunohistochemical EnVison method was used to detect the expressions of ER, VIM, CEA and p16 in paraffin-embedded tissues from 31 cases of primary endocervical adenocarcinomas and 30 cases of endometrial adenocarcinomas. The specificity, sensitivity, predictive value and accuracy were compared between the 4-marker and 3-marker (ER, VIM and CEA) panels.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of ER, VIM, CEA and p16 in endocervical adenocarcinomas were 35.5%, 19.4%, 77.4% and 67.7%, respectively; those in endometrial adenocarcinomas were 70%, 73.3%, 40% and 13.3%, respectively, showing significant frequency differences (P<0.05) between primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and accuracy of the 4-marker panel in endocervical adenocarcinomas were significantly higher than those of the 3-marker panel (96.3% vs 90.2%, 65.1% vs 57.6%, 94.9% vs 89.4%, and 85.8% vs 80.6%, respectively). These values were almost similar for both panels in endometrial carcinoma except for better negative predictive value and accuracy value with the 4-marker panel (58.7% vs 51.9% and 75.4% vs 68.6%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONAdding the p16 marker to the traditional 3-marker panel may have significant clinical importance in the differential diagnosis of primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas to improve the diagnostic accuracy, although there is only a slight increase in the diagnostic sensitivity.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; analysis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; analysis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; CD28 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVESTo establish a primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) model by AMAM2 autoantigen injection into C57BL/6 mice.

METHODSMice of the model group were immunized intraperitonealy with 200 microl of purified recombinant AMAM2 autoantigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice immunized with bovine serum albumin and CFA in the same way were used as negative controls. Sixty-six weeks later, mice were sacrificed and their sera were collected. Sera samples were assayed for AMAM2 autoantibody, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALT and total bilirubin (TBil). Their liver, stomach, muscle and kidney tissues were sectioned and stained using HE to observe the pathological changes.

RESULTSAntibodies to AMAM2 autoantigen were readily induced in the model group. The mice in the model group had no significant changes in the level of serum ALT and TBil but had an obvious increase of ALP (P<0.05). The stomach, muscle and kidney tissues showed no evident damage while the livers had obvious pathological changes, including bile duct degeneration or proliferation, and mononuclear cell infiltration.

CONCLUSIONThe AMAM2 autoantigen-induced PBC animal model was successfully established in C57BL/6 mice in our experiment and its characteristic biochemical and pathology are quite similar to that in the early stage of human PBC. This model may provide a useful experimental approach for further study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of human PBC.

Animals ; Autoantigens ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria ; immunology