Objective To investigate the fulfillment of improved water measures for endemic fluomsis and to find out the trend of prevalence in Qinghai Province in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis.Methods Usage and management of reforming water facilities in Huzhu County were generally surveyed.Yanya Village,Caijiabu Town,Huzhu County was chosen as the surveillance spot.The household drinking water was surveyed.The dental fluorosis and urine fluoride content of children aged 8-12 years and adult above 16 years were examined.Skeletal fluorosis of adult was checked.The fluomsis content in drinking water and urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode method.The dental fluowsis was examined with Dean index.Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to eountry standard(GB 16396-1996.WS 192-1999).Results The rate of water-improving was 60%(36/60)in Huzhu County.The mean of fluoride content in drinking water Was 1.25 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 90.20%(46/51);that of adult was 88.89%(48/54).The dental fluorosis index of children was 1.77,that of adult was 2.95.The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 98.15% indicated by clinical data,18.87% by X-ray.The ufine fluorosis content of children was 2.27 mg/L,that of adult was 2.00 mg/L.Conclusion The disease condition of endemic fluorosis in Qinshai is serious,defluofidation is slow in effect.

OBJECTIVEMeasures of ventilation-CO₂output relationship have been shown to be more prognostic than peak O₂uptake in assessing life expectancy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Because both the ratios (VE/Vco₂) and slopes (VE-vs-Vco₂) of ventilation-co₂ output of differing durations can be used, we aim to ascertain which measurements best predicted CHF life expectancy.

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-one CHF patients with NYHA class II-IV underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and were followed-up for a median duration of 479 days. Four different linear regression VE-vs- Vco₂ slopes were calculated from warm-up exercise onset to: 180 s, anaerobic threshold (AT), ventilatory compensation point (VCP); and peak exercise. Five VE/Vco₂ ratios were calculated for the following durations: rest (120 s), warm-up (30 s), AT (60 s), lowest value (90 s), and peak exercise (30 s). Death or heart transplant were considered end-points. Multiple statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTSCHF patients had high lowest VE/Vco₂ (41.0 ± 9.2, 141 ± 30%pred), high VE/Vco₂ at AT (42.5 ± 10.4, 145 ± 35%pred), and high VE-vs-Vco₂ slope to VCP (37.6 ± 12.1, 126 ± 41%pred). The best predictor of death was a higher lowest VE/Vco₂ (≥ 42, ≥ 141%pred), whereas the VE-vs-Vco₂slope to VCP was less variable than other slopes. For death prognosis in 6 months, %pred values were superior: for longer times, absolute values were superior.

CONCLUSIONThe increased lowest VE/Vco₂ ratio easily identifiable and simply measured during exercise, is the best measurement to assess the ventilation-co₂output relationship in prognosticating death in CHF patients.

Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Progression ; Exercise Test ; Heart Failure ; diagnosis ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Respiratory Function Tests

In order to establish a new more rapid, safe and sensitive colorimetric assay for the proliferation of leukemic cells, MTS/pms has been developed. This automated colorimetric assay is based on the characteristic of viable and metabolically active leukemic cells to cleave MTS/pms into a water-soluble product whose optical density is determined at 492 nm by an automated microtiter-plate reader photometer. The results indicated that only active leukemic cells cleaved MTS/pms into product measured, and dead cells did not reduce MTS/pms. A linear relations hip were found between the viable cell number and optical density of MTS/pms cleaved by HL-60 and K562 cell (r = 0.963). Compared with MTT and INT assays, the reduced product of MTS/pms is water-soluble. It is concluded that MTS/pms colorimetric assay is more rapid, accurate and sensitive for the bioassay of proliferation of leukemic cells.
Cell Division ; Colorimetry ; methods ; Formazans ; metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate ; metabolism ; Tetrazolium Salts ; metabolism ; Thiazoles ; metabolism

Adnexa Uteri ; surgery ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Melanosis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; secondary ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; secondary ; Teratoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the value of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT imaging combined with continual detection of CA_(125)in serum for diagnosis of early recurrent ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Twenty six patients received PET-CT imaging,who were all diagnosed as primary epithelial ovarian cancer of stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ and had complete remission after cytoreductive surgery and multiple courses of chemotherapy in Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital.After a steady period,all patients experienced progressive rising of CA_(125)values 3 times in 2 months.But no positive lesion was found by CT, or although suspicious positive focus was found,the recurrent and(or)metastatic extent was not definite. Out of 26 patients,16 were delivered rechemotherapy and(or)radiotherapy,and 10 received re- cytoreductive surgery.Results(1)Of 26 patients,the value of CA_(125)was more than 35 kU/L in 17,and in 14 of 17,pelvic or abdominal cavity recurrence was diagnosed by CT and PET-CT,and 4 showed simuhaneously distant metastasis on PET-CT.In the remaining 3 patients of which CT findings were negative,2 had pelvic and abdominal cavity recurrence,and one had bone metastasis on PET-CT.Of 9 patients with progressive rising CA_(125)levels but the value was less than cut-off(

AIM To investigate the preventive effects of herbal pair,Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma (SC),on Alzheimer's disease (AD),and its mechanism of action.METHODS Dementia mice induced by 8-week s.i.d subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg),were simultaneously given respective,intragastric administration of SC crude drug at doses of 5,10,20 g/kg,or piracetam support at 0.75 g/kg,and isometrical distilled water was applied to the mice of normal control group.The mice had their learning and memory abilities checked by Morris water maze at intervals of four weeks and eight weeks since the start of the trial,and their blood and brain tissue biochemical indices measured at the end of the test.RESULTS Significantly shortened latent period in place navigation test and the time of enter into the original platform in the space exploration test were observed in the mice treated with 4-week D-galactose and SC (P ＜0.05 或 P ＜0.01).The 8-week intervention demonstrated SC capacity in the significant promotion of T-SOD activity,decreased blood MDA levels (P ＜ 0.01)and the brain AchE levels,and increased brain GSH-Px activity (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION SC increases the concentration of acetylcholine in brain tissue and protects the central nervous tissue under oxidative stress,highlighting its therapeutic effect on AD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes in the women with early stage cervical carcinoma, and the feasibility of dividing these nodes into three stations in those patients.

METHODS(99m)Tc-DX of 2 ml was injected into the cervix to a depth of 5 to 10 mm at 3, 6, 9, 12 o'clock positions preoperatively in 196 patients with early stage cervical cancer. Pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical hysterectomy were performed in all patients. Pelvic lymph nodes were detected by gamma-probe. The sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) were determined if the radioactivity reached 5 times higher than that in the ipsilateral nodes. All resected pelvic lymph nodes were examined by histopathology with HE stained serial sections.

RESULTSOf the 196 patients, 41 were found to have metastasis in 83 lymph nodes. The metastatic rate was 78.3% (65/83) in the parametrial and obturator lymph nodes, 20.5% (17/83)in the internal and external iliac lymph nodes, 1.2% (1/83) in the commmon iliac lymph nodes. Of the 22 patients with metastatic parametrial lymph nodes, metastatic external iliac lymph nodes were detected in 5 patients, and metastatic internal iliac lymph nodes in 3 patients. Among the 19 patients with metastatic obturator lymph nodes, metastatic external iliac lymph nodes were found in 4 patients, and metastatic internal iliac lymph nodes in 3 cases. It was shown by Chi-sqare test that the metastases in parametrial and/or obturator lymph nodes were positively correlated with lymph node metastases in other pelvic sites. Eighty-one SLN were found to have metastasis. The metastatic rate of parametrial and obturator SLN was 79.0% (64/81) versus 21.0% (17/81) of internal and external iliac SLN. No statistically significant difference in 1- and 3-yr survival was observed between the groups with and without metastasis in parametrial and obturator lymph nodes, while the 5-yr survival rate in the patients without metastatic lymph node was 93.2%, significantly higher than that of patients with lymphatic metastasis (65.1%).

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible for cervical cancer to divide the pelvic lymph nodes into three levels. The level I lymph nodes consist of parametrial and obturator lymph nodes. Internal and external iliac lymph nodes can be considered as level II lymph nodes, and the common iliac and inguinal lymph nodes as level III nodes. A rational treatment plan can be made according to the distribution of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Dextrans ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Pelvis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo screen the sensitive chemotherapeutic agents to human endometrial carcinoma cell line-1 (HECCL-1) and study its mechanism.

METHODSMTT method was used to examine the relative inhibition ratios (RIRs) of various concentrations of 18 chemotherapeutic agents to HECCL-1. Cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of MDR1 protein were detected by FCM.

RESULTSNine of the chemotherapeutic agents studied obviously inhibited the proliferative activity of HECCL-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The order of sensitivity was as follows: adriamycin (ADM), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), carboplatin (CBP), cisplatin (DDP), taxol (TAL), epirubicin (EPI), mitoxantrone (MIT), dactomycin (ACTD) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). FCM showed these agents could significantly reduce the proportion of cells in G0-G1 phase, and increase the proportion of cells in S and G2-M phase (P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis was observed in 11 chemotherapeutic agents at their peak concentration. MDR expression was induced after using EPI, 5-Fu, hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and MIT.

CONCLUSIONHECCL-1 is sensitive to a number of the chemotherapeutic agents studied. Induced apoptosis may be the major mechanism of drug sensitivity, and acquired drug-resistance may be the critical reason against continued administration.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patient with gynecological malignancies after treatment of hysterectomy and chemotherapy/radiotherapy.

METHODSAll 32 patients with cervical or endometrial cancer after hysterectomy received full course IMRT after 1 to 3 cycles of chemotherapy (Karnofsky performance status(KPS) > or =70). Seventeen of these patients underwent postoperative preventive irradiation and the other 15 patients were pelvic wall recurrence and/or retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, though postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had been given after operation.

RESULTSThe median dose delivered to the PTV was 56.8 Gy for preventive irradiation, and 60.6 Gy for pelvic wall recurrence or retroperioneal lymph node metastasis irradiation. It was required that 90% of iso-dose curve could covere more than 99% of GTV. However, The mean dose irradiated to small intestine, bladder, rectum, kidney and spinal cord was 21.3 Gy, 37.8 Gy, 35.3 Gy, 8.5 Gy, 22.1 Gy, respectively. Fourteen patients presented grade I (11 patients) or II (3 patients) digestive tract side-effects, Five patients developed grade I or II bone marrow depression. Twelve patients had grade I skin reaction. The overall 1-year survival rate was 100%. The 2- and 3- year survival rate for preventive irradiation were both 100%, but which was 5/7 and 3/6 for the patients with pelvic wall recurrence or retroperioneal lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONIntensity modulated radiation therapy can provide a better dose distribution than traditional radiotherapy for both prevention and pelvic wall recurrence or retroperioneal lymph node metastasis. The toxicity is tolerable. The adjacent organs at risk can well be protected.

Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; adverse effects ; methods ; Survival Analysis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo immunopurify human endometrial endothelial cells (HEEC) from fresh surgical specimens of endometrial cancers and normal endometrial tissues, and investigate their biological characteristics.

METHODSEndothelial cells of endometrial cancers and normal endometrial tissues were isolated using anti-CD31 conjugated magnetic microbeads. The isolated endothelial cells were cultured in vitro and their origins were identified. Their angiogenic characteristics were observed by MTT, wound healing, Transwell cell invasion and tube formation assays.

RESULTSFlow cytometry revealed that the immunopurification technique yielded endothelial cell purity of > 95% in all samples. All purified HEEC were characterized as endothelial cells on the basis of expression of the classical endothelial markers vWF and CD31 as shown by immunofluorescence examination. Although the tumor-associated HEEC didn't show more rapid proliferation than normal HEEC, they exhibited enhanced migration ability (P = 0.006), potent invasiveness (P = 0.033), and elevated tube formation in vitro (P = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONSHuman endometrial endothelial cells can be efficiently isolated from endometrial cancer and normal endometrial tissues by immunomagnetic methods. Tumor-associated HEEC exhibit enhanced migratory ability, potent invasiveness, and elevated tube formation in vitro.

Adult ; Aged ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrium ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism