Objective To investigate the role of plasma tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1) level and to observe the effect of extrinsic TFPI-1 on no-reflow (NR) in a rabbit model of ischemia/reperfusion. Methods Rabbits were randomized into four groups (n = 10 each): ischemic- reperfusion group (IR, subjected to 120 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion); ischemic- reperfusion TFPI-1 group (100 ng/kg bolus and 1 ng · kg~(-1) · min~(-1) infusion during reperfusion) ; ischemic group (subjected to 180 minutes of coronary artery occlusion) and sham group. The NR area and ischemic area were determined by thioflavin S and Evan's blue staining in vivo. Plasma TF and TFPI-1 levels were measured before operation, before and at 120 minutes post coronary artery ligation, 10 and 60 minutes after reperfusion by ELISA. Results Plasma TF and TFPI-1 levels before and at 120 minutes post coronary artery ligation were similar among the four groups (all P > 0.05). At 10 and 60 minutes after reperfusion, the plasma TF levels in the IR group was significantly higher than those in ischemic group and sham group [10 minutes: (20.7 ±4. 1) pg/ml vs. (13.9 ±2. 2)pg/ml(P <0. 001), (20.7±4. l)pg/ml vs. (13.2±2.6) pg/ml(P<0. 001); 60 minutes; (15.8±2.6) pg/ml vs. (13.5± 1.6) pg/ml(P<0.05), (15.8 ±2.6) pg/ml vs. (12.1 ±0.7) pg/ml (P < 0. 001)] while the plasma TFPI-1 levels were similar among IR, ischemic and sham groups at 10 minutes after reperfusion and at 60 minutes after reperfusion (all P >0. 05). TFPI-1 level [(9.7 ± 1. 6) ng/ml] was significantly lower in the IR group than in the ischemic group [(11.6 ±1.6) ng/ml, P < 0. 05] and sham group [( 10. 1 ±1.3) ng/ml, P < 0. 01] . TF mRNA expression in the NR area in IR group was significantly up-regulated compared to the ischemic group (P<0. 05) and sham group (P <0. 001 ) while TFPI-1 mRNA expression was similar between IR group and ischemic group ( P > 0. 05 ) . NR severity in the ischemic-reperfusion TFPI-1 group was significantly attenuated compared to IR group (0. 39 ±0. 11 vs. 0.54±0.06, P<0.01). Conclusion Upregulated TF mRNA expression in the NR area and increased plasma TF level during reperfusion period, reduced plasma TFPI-1 level during reperfusion period as well as attenuated NR severity by extrinsic application of human rTFPI-1 in this model suggested an important role in the pathogenesis of the NR phenomenon.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the triterpenoids chemical constituents in rhizome of Alisma gramineum.

METHODSilicon gel chromatography and HPLC techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents, and the structures were elucidated by various spectral analyses such as NMR, MS and IR.

RESULT5 protostane-type tetracyclic triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 16,23-oxidoalisol B(1), 11-deoxyalisol C(2), alisol F(3), 16beta-methoxyalisol B acetate (4), 16beta-hydroxyalisol B acetate (5).

CONCLUSIONAll of these compounds were found from A. gramineum for the first time.

Alisma ; chemistry ; Cholestanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies regarding femoral artery or radial artery approaches on coronary artery interventional therapies.Methods 360 patients were randomly divided into intervention group via femoral artery (TFI) or transradial coronary intervention (TRI) group.Postoperative observation on the two said groups of patients with vascular lesion characteristics,feasibility factors ( success rate of interventional therapy puncture,time of operation and hospitalization)and complications,were made.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups on the characteristics of vascular lesion (P＞0.05).Success rates of the two groups were 97.78％ and 96.67％ respectively.The differences on success rate,time of operation were not statistically significant (P＞0.05) while the average time of puncture,the mean duration of hospitalization and the rates of complications were significantly different ( P＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The two methods under comparison had similar success rate and feasibility.However,the complications related to radial artery interventional therapy were much less than the femoral artery interventional therapy.As having better safety,radial artery interventional therapv seemed to have applicable value on clinical oractice.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the key indicators in the pituitary-target gland axes in the animal model of Shen-yang deficiency syndrome (SYDS).

METHODSThe 8 biological indicators [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 3, 3', 5-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (CORT)] in the pituitary-target gland axes were grouped using factor analysis. Then the sensitivity of every indicator was calculated according to the sensitivity function defined in this paper, so as to find all the most sensitive indicators in every group as key indicators of SYDS.

RESULTSThe key indicators in the early period of SYDS were T, LH, T4, and CORT. The key indicators in the middle period were LH,T, CORT, and ACTH. The key indicators in the late period were LH, T, CORT, and FSH.

CONCLUSIONST, LH, and CORT were the common key indicators of the three periods, and other different key indicator of SYDS in the early, middle and late period were T4, ACTH, and FSH respectively, which changed from the thyroid axis to the adrenal axis and then to the gonadal axis as the period changed. The key indicators in the late period were mainly in the gonadal axis, showing gonadal dysfunction in the late period.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estradiol ; analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; analysis ; Hydrocortisone ; analysis ; Luteinizing Hormone ; analysis ; Male ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; analysis ; Thyrotropin ; analysis ; Thyroxine ; analysis ; Yang Deficiency ; physiopathology

In the present study we made out an animal model on rabbit whose trigeminus and facialis nerves were simultaneously or only the latter one was severed. The pathological changes in facial muscle atrophy under different nerve injuries were investigated. The degeneration of contractile proteins of upper lip muscle -- myosin and actin was observed. In addition, we also examined the ultrastructural changes in the muscle atrophy in the two above-mentioned nerve injury cases. We observed that the intact trigeminus nerve could delay and lighten the atrophy of facialis-denervated facial muscle and attenuate the degeneration of myosin and actin, as well as decrease the increment of collagen and maintain the ultrastructure of the thick and thin muscle filaments. These results may provide the possibility of improvement of clinical treatment for facial muscle palsy.
Animals ; Denervation ; Facial Muscles ; innervation ; pathology ; Facial Nerve ; physiology ; surgery ; Female ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; diagnostic imaging ; Muscular Atrophy ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Trigeminal Nerve ; physiology ; surgery ; Ultrasonography

A pairs of primers were designed according to the fusion protein(F)gene sequences of canine distemper virus(CDV)in GenBank.A 369 bp fragment aimed signal peptide fragment of F gene was amplified.The PCR products from viscera samples,blood,urine of fur animals including foxes,minks and raccoon dogs,which collected in the years 2005-2007,were cloned to pMD18-T Vector and sequenced.We obtained 13 positive signal peptide fragments from wild-type strains.The results indicated there was obviously genetic diversity between the wild-type strains and CDV3 and other vaccine strains.The homology with CDV3 is 80.7%-83.2%in nucleotide,and 64.8%-71.3%in amino acid.The analysis for the hydrophobic regions indicated the function of signal peptide fragment may be changed.This study can offer aca- demic data to research of CDV genetic variation and epidemiology.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of three categorized formulas for tonifying Shen yang, i.e. Shenqi Pill (SP), Yougui Pill (YP), and Yougui Drink (YD) based on rough set, thus exploring the law of compatibility between the core herbs and the edge herbs as well as the law of compatibility between the yang-tonifying herbs and the yin-tonifying herbs in the core herbs.

METHODSThe rats were divided into the normal group, the Shen-yang deficiency model group, and the original prescription group, the core herbs group, and the edge herbs group of this three categorized formulas for tonifying Shen yang, 11 groups altogether. Thyroxine (T4), cortisol (CORT), and testosterone (T) were detected respectively. The decision rules model based on rough set was set up, the interactions between various herbs were analyzed according to the decision rules.

RESULTSThere were synergies between yam and cinnamon, yam and aconite, as well as yam and wolfberry. Poria alisma, Cortex Moutan, and oriental waterplantain tuber had no effect themselves, but they had synergistic effects with the core herbs in SP. Angelica had a certain effect itself, but its functions were different to different core herbs in YP. Licorice had no effect itself, and it was antagonistic with the core herbs in YD.

CONCLUSIONSThe compatibility of core herbs of categorized formula for tonifying Shen yang should focus on benefiting both yin and yang, as well as mutual rooting of yin-yang. Appropriate edge herbs should be chosen for compatibility according to different core herbs. The decision rules model based on rough set has a good prospect in exploring the law of compatibility of the categorized formulas.

Animals ; Drug Incompatibility ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To observe the value of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in tumour chemotherapy. Methods A total of 141 patients were randomly divided into three groups, 56 patients received chemotherapy by PICC, 49 patients were treated by intravenous detaining needle, and 36 patients were treated by peripherally scalp needle. The complications including drugs effusion, phlebitis, and degree of comfort and self-care ability of patients were observed and compared. Results The ratio of complications and self-care deficiency in PICC group were much lower than those in the intravenous detaining needle and peripherally scalp needle group (P<0.01), the degree of comfort, however, was much higher than that in the intravenous detaining needle and peripherally scalp needle group (P<0.01). On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the ratio of local infection of the three venous punctures(P>0.05). Conclusions It is very convenient and safe to use PICC which is a good intravenous method and is worth of spreading in practice.

Objective To explore the role of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury.Methods Male SD rat hearts were divided into the normal control group; sham group; I/R group (1 h ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion) ; I/R + apocynin group (50 mg/kg,administrated at 30 min before reperfusion) and I/R + vehicle group (same volume vehicle administrated at 30 min before reperfusion).At the end of reperfusion,myocardial infarct size,apoptosis,plasma CK activity,myocardial NOX activity,myocardial caspase-3 expression and activity,myocardial mRNA and protein expressions of vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) and NOX2 were measured.Results Infarct size,ratio of cardiomyocyte apoptosis,mRNA and protein expression of VOP1 and NOX2,serum CK,myocardial NOX and caspase-3 activities in the I/R group were all significantly increased compared to those in the sham group (P ＜0.01).Above parameters were similar between I/R + vehicle group and I/R group (all P ＞ 0.05).Infarct size,ratio of cardiomyocyte apoptosis,myocardial mRNA and protein expression of VOP1 and NOX2,serum CK,myocardial NOX and caspase-3 activities were significantly lower in I/R + apocynin group compared to those in I/R group (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions NOX/VPO pathway plays an important role in mediating I/R-induced myocardial oxidative injury.NOX inhibition could reduce I/R-induced myocardial oxidative injury by attenuating myocardial apoptosis in this model.

Objective:To study the chemical constituents in the volatile oil from fruits of Alpinia oxy-phylla.Method:Using GC-MS to identify the constituents.Result and Conclusion:Sixty-four compounds were identified on the basis of GC-MS, the main ones being p-cymene, valencene, linalool, myrtenal, α-pinene, β-pinene, furopelargone A and terpinen-4-ol.Three sesquiterpenes valencene, nootkanone and nootkanol have been isolated from the CHCl3 extract as check，of these 64 identiified compounds linalyl oxide, valencene, bakkenolide A, furopelargone A and 3-hydroxycalamenene are reported for the first time.