The gene complex of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is located of chromosome 6p21, which is the most complicated dominant polymorphic genetic system. The HLA system has 108 genotypes. It is the best human genetic marker. It has been applied to forensic paternity test and individual identification. This article discusses the research development of HLA polymorphism and its application in forensic medicine.
Forensic Medicine ; Gene Frequency ; HLA Antigens/genetics* ; HLA-A3 Antigen/genetics* ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

The symbiotic bacterium exists in the intestines of entomopathogenic nematodes and is a potential biological agent.Systematic classification of these bacteria is scarce in China.In this paper,seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from local entomopathogenic nematodes were identified by both observation of mor-phology,physiological,biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA fragments.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; Lymphoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We investigated the infection situation,serotype distribution,sources of etiological food and drug resistance of Salmonella in foodborne disease patients in Henan Province in 2015 and 2016.We evenly arranged 15 sentinel hospitals in Henan Province in 2015 and 2016,and a total of 5 720 patient defined cases were monitored,whose information was collected.A total of 221 Salmonella strains were isolated from the fecal of diarrhea patients,who were studied on serotyping,drug resistance and traceability of related etiological food,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results showed that the S.enteritidis,S.typhimurium and S.thompson were dominant types for serotyping in the 221 Salmonella strains,and 221 strains were widely distributed in 46 serotypes,the serotype distribution was more extensive;dairy and dairy products and meat and meat products were main suspicious etiological foods types caused by Salmonella.For drug susceptibility test of 11 kinds of antibiotics,the susceptibility of Salmonella to Cefoxitin,Cefotaxime,Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and that to Ciprofloxacin,Ampicillin,Tetracycline and Ampicillin/Sulbactam decreased significantly (P＜0.01);only that to Ciprofloxacin,Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin decreased insignificantly (P＜0.05).Relevant departments should strengthen the meat and meat products market supervision,to make great efforts for control the use of antibiotics,strengthen the active surveillance of Salmonella disease and drug resistance,and to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of ICAM-1 gene transfection on the differentiation of MSCs to adipocytes.

METHODSThe recombinant retroviral expression plasmid MIGR1-ICAM-1 containing full length of mouse ICAM-1 gene was constructed. The constructed plasmid MIGR1-ICAM-1, empty plasmid MIGR1 and packaging plasmid ECOS were transfected into T293 cell lines and then the supernatant generated from T293 cells were used to infect mouse MSCs cell line C3H10T 1/2. The transfective efficiency was determined by inverted fluorescence microscope, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Furthermore, ICAM-1 overexpressing MSCs (C3H10T 1/2-ICAM-1) and empty vector transfection MSCs (C3H10T 1/2-MIGR1) were cultured in medium with or without induction reagents, Oil-red-O staining was used to detect the lipid accumulation, and the expression of transcriptional factors C/EBPα and PPARγ, which were key factors in the differentiation of MSCs to adipocytes, were tested by real-time-PCR.

RESULTSThe recombinant retrovirus vector containing mouse ICAM-1 gene was successful constructed. After transfection into MSCs cell line C3H10T 1/2, the overexpression ICAM-1 MSCs cell line (C3H10T 1/2-ICAM-1) and control cell line (C3H10T 1/2-MIGR1) were obtained. Furthermore, these two cell lines were treated without or with adipocytic induction reagents, C3H10T 1/2-ICAM-1 showed significantly lower mRNA expression level for C/EBPα [(1.2 ± 0.7), (2.9 ± 0.9)] and PPARγ [(1557.6 ± 70.2), (7547.0 ± 442.2)] when compared with C3H10T 1/2-MIGR1 [(5.8 ± 0.5), (23.0 ± 2.3) and (2453.0 ± 215.6), (9856.3 ± 542.2)](P < 0.05). Moreover, little lipid droplet and decreased quantity of adipocytes were detected in C3H10T 1/2-ICAM-1 [(3.2 ± 0.5)/well, (12.2 ± 3.8)/well] than that in C3H10T 1/2-MIGR1 [(11.2 ± 0.4)/well, (51.3 ± 2.8)/well] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of ICAM-1 in MSCs can inhibit its adipocytic differentiation.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of 420 nm intense pulsed light on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro and explore the mechanism.

METHODSThe fungal conidia were divided into treatment group with intense pulse light irradiation and control group without irradiation. The surface areas of the fungal colonies were photographed before irradiation and on the 2nd and 3rd days after irradiation to observe the changes in fungal growth. The viability of the fungus in suspension was detected at 6 h after irradiation using MTT assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the fungus was determined using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and the MDA content was detected using TBA method.

RESULTSIntense pulse light (420 nm) irradiation caused obvious injuries in Trichophyton rubrum with the optimal effective light dose of 12 J/cmin 12 pulses. At 6 h after the irradiation, the fungus in suspension showed a 30% reduction of viability (P<0.05), and the fungal colonies showed obvious growth arrest without further expansion. Compared to the control group, the irradiated fungus showed significant increases in ROS level and MDA content (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntense pulse light (420 nm) irradiation can induce oxidative stress in Trichophyton rubrum to lead to fungal injuries and death.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and summarize the medical treatment experience following separation of thoracopagus conjoined twins.

METHODThe clinical manifestations and the medical therapy of a pair of thoracopagus conjoined twins were analyzed. The conjunction of the female twins was from 5 cm above the nipple to the umbilicus. They also suffered from complex congenital heart diseases. At the 17th day of their lives, they were surgically separated. One girl died after the operation, the other survived but experienced heart failure, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction (including liver, blood and kidney et al). In order to protect or maintain the main organ function, the vital signs and the objective indexes were monitored continually, such as blood routine test, C reactive protein, hepatorenal function, bacterial culture, and galactomannan test, blood gas analysis and chest radiogram.

CONCLUSIONIt is important to protect the main organ function and prevent or control infection. The early surgical correction of congenital heart disease may contribute to recovery of the children.

Abdomen ; abnormalities ; Abnormalities, Multiple ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Thorax ; abnormalities ; Treatment Outcome ; Twins, Conjoined ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) in the oxidative stress injury of human dermal fibroblasts (HFbs).

METHODSAn oxidative stress injury model was established in HFbs by exposure to H(2)O(2). Normal HFbs and HFbs exposed to H(2)O(2) with and without pretreatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor were tested for cell viability using MTT assay, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined with a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of membrane-bound subunit gp91phox of NADPH oxidase in the cells.

RESULTH(2)O(2) time- and concentration-dependently induced oxidative stress injury in the fibroblasts, causing a reduction of the cell viability to 40% after a 24-h exposure at 700 µmol/L (P<0.05) and an increase of ROS by 2 folds after a 2-h exposure at 700 µmol/L (P<0.05). Compared with the cells with oxidative stress injury, the cells with NADPH oxidase inhibitor pretreatment showed a 20% higher cell viability (P<0.05) and normal ROS level (P<0.05) following H(2)O(2) exposure. Western blotting demonstrated increased expression of gp91phox in the cells exposed to increasing H(2)O(2) concentrations, but gp91phox expression remained normal in cells pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONH(2)O(2) can induce oxidative stress injury in the fibroblasts by affecting NADPH oxidase, especially its membrane-bound subunit gp91phox.

Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 2 ; NADPH Oxidases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the influence of rotenone neurotoxin on dopaminergic neurons from SD rats of different months and its mechanism.Methods Forty 3-month-old,4012-month-old and 40 20-month-old SD rats were chosen in our study and equally randomized into control group and rotenone treatment group,respectively(n=20); rotenone(1.0 mg/[kg·d])was given to the rats in the rotenone treatment group for 30 consecutive d(having drug withdrawal 1 d per week)to induce rotenone neurotoxin models.Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc)was observed.Levels of total superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were determined by colorimetric method and protein level of caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting.Results A significant decreased number of TH-positive cells in 3-,12-and 20-month-old rats of rotenone treatment group was noted as compared with that in the control group,respectively(P＜0.05),and 20-month-old rats had the fewest number.SOD and CAT activities in 3 month-old rats of the control group enjoyed the highest level and decreased trend was noted in 20 month-old rats of the control group;as compared with those in the control group,the SOD and CAT activities in all the rats of rotenone treatment group increased significantly(P＜0.05).Western blotting revealed that the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in all the rats of rotenone treatment group obviously increased as compared with those in the control group,and 20-month-old rats showed the highest level of active caspase-3.Conclusion Rotenone can induce the decrease of TH-positive cell level following the increase of rat age; increase levels ofcaspase-3 and oxidative stress may take part in the mechanism of high sensibility of old SD rats to rotenone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China.

METHODSA dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects (NTDs) or unaffected by any birth defects (BDs) in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China.

RESULTSThe local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake (e.g., energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium) were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake (9%-77%). The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs (including NTDs and congenital heart defects) demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition (i.e., eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week) was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean (p5-p95) of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L (3.6, 23.03), which was significantly lower than that in normal women (14.03 nmol/L).

CONCLUSIONWomen of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires