Acupressure ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hiccup ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; complications

OBJECTIVETo measure the strength of lingual component force on first molar while retraction canine by 150 g tractive force with different sizes of arch wire and with different widths of molar offset on the wire.

METHODSWires with different sizes and different materials [0.40 mm and 0.45 mm stainless round wires, 0.40 mm and 0.45 mm Australia wires, 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm (0.016 x 0.022 inch) and 0.46 mm x 0.63 mm (0.017 x 0.025 inch) rectangular stainless wires] were ligated in ideal arch Typodont when the canine was retracted with 150 g force in the direction from the molar buccal hook to the central point of canine bracket's distal wing under different widths of molar offset (1 mm, 2mm, 3mm). the lingual force applied on the first molar was measured by a self-made dynamometer.

RESULTS1. There is lingual component force applied to the first molar while retracting canine with 150 g tractive force. 2. the bigger the cross section area of the wire and the stronger the rigidity of the wire, the smaller the lingual component force turns. The ability of the wire in deducting the lingual component force is in direct ratio with the cross section area and the rigidity of the wire. 3. While the width of wire offset increases, the lingual force produced by the tractive force applied to the first molar decreases lineally.

CONCLUSIONThere is lingual force produced on the anchorage molar when retracting canine. In clinic for avoiding the lingual movement of the first molar, increasing the size of wire or increasing the width of wire offset is suggested.

Cuspid ; physiology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Molar ; physiology ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Corrective

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes in ultra-micro-structural of pulmonary arteries and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rats with left-right shunt.Methods Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of pulmonary artery structural remodeling. After 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of experiment, the ultra-micro-morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under electronic microscope and H_2S concentration in serum was evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries were progressively exacerbated, endothelial cells became swollen and large in size on 3 days, smooth muscular cells increased in size as well as the change of endothelial cells in 1 week, and they changed from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype in 4 weeks.Conclusions Shunt exhibited changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries are accompanied by the changes of endogenous H_2S. It is suggested that endogenous H_2S might play a protective role in changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary artery.

OBJECTIVETo suppress the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4, the co-receptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1), and thus inhibit HIV-1 from entering cells.

METHODSDNA fragments encoding either CCR5 or CXCR4 were amplified from healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing was performed. Correct fragments were inserted into Shuttle plasmid inversely, which was recombined with backbone plasmid containing homologous adenoviral genome in E. coli BJ5183. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into 293 cells in which they were packaged and amplified. Recombinant adenoviruses containing antisense RNA of CCR5 or CXCR4 were obtained and identified by RT-PCR, and the titres of them were determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) method. The U937 and MT4 cells were infected by recombinant adenoviruses containing antisense RNA of CCR5 (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 100) and CXCR4 (MOI = 200), respectively. The expression of co-receptors on infected cell was measured by fluorescence activated cell sorter at 24, 48, 72 hours and 10 days after infection. In addition, the chemotactic activity and proliferation of infected cells were detected with Boyden chamber and 3H incorporation respectively.

RESULTSWe constructed the recombinant plasmids and obtained the recombinant adenoviruses which contained antisense RNA of CCR5 or CXCR4 and were designated as pAd-antiR5 and pAd-antiX4 respectively. The titers of recombinant adenoviruses pAd-antiR5 and pAd-antiX4 were 5 x 10" PFU/ml and 7 x 10(10) PFU/ml, respectively. The expression rate of CCR5 on U937 cells decreased from 82. 10% (blank control) to 1.12% (Ad-antiR5 infected) , and that of CXCR4 on MT4 cells decreased from 42% (blank control) to 1.03% (Ad-antiX4 infected) 24 hours later. The expression rates of CCR5 on Ad-antiR5 infected U937 cells were 1.02% , 1.26% , 1.23% at 48 hours, 72 hours, and 10 days later, respectively. The expression rates of CXCR4 on Ad-antiX4 infected MT4 cells were 1.13%, 1.17%, 1.22% at 48 hours, 72 hours, and 10 days later, respectively. Moreover, the recombinant adenovirus had no effects on chemotactic activity and proliferation of the cells.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant adenovirus containing antisense CCR5 or CXCR4 can remarkably decrease the expression of co-receptors for HIV-1 on U937 or MT4 cells without affecting their chemotactic activities and proliferative abilities.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Proliferation ; Chemotaxis ; Down-Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; RNA, Antisense ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptors, CCR5 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; U937 Cells

OBJECTIVETo verify houseflies Musca spp. as the intermediate host of Thelazia callipaeda and reveal epidemiological situation of thelaziasis in Hubei province.

METHODSDogs eyes infected with T. callipaeda, 400 houseflies Musca and 259 fruitflies Amiota okadai in the city of Laohekou city (previously named as Guanghua county) of Hubei province had been investigated since September 2000. The newborn larvae of T. callipaeda from Laohekou suburbs were fed to houseflies Musca and A. okadai. Larvae used for the study were isolated from female T. callipaeda in laboratory and the susceptibility to houseflies Musca and A. okadai was observed.

RESULTSTwenty-one dogs from Laohekou, the original epidemic areas of thelaziasis were examined and 7 positive dogs in 21 (33.3%) and 11 T. callipaeda (9 females and 2 males) were identified. From 1975 to 2000, no thelaziasis cases were found through retrospective surveys. These 200 houseflies Musca and 135 A. okadai were dissected for examination but showed all negative with the infection. However, newborn larvae of T. callipaeda were used to experimentally infect 112 houseflies Musca and 84 A. okadai and all infected flies were examined on the 20th day after inoculation. As a consequence, houseflies Musca failed to be infected but 9 in 84 (10.7%) A. okadai were positive. 26 infective larvae of T. callipaeda were obtained and 21 of them were inoculated into right eye of one rabbit. The female worm began to produce newborn larvae in 37 days after infection and 3 adult T. callipaeda (two females and one male) were obtained.

CONCLUSIONSFruitflies A. okadai from Hubei province were susceptible to T. callipaeda, which was similar to the result of experimental studies in Anhui province. This survey further confirmed that A. okadai was the intermediate host of T. callipaeda but not houseflies Musca. Infective resources (adult dogs, for instance) had been under controlled thus human thelaziasis had been eradicated in this rural area.

Animals ; Conjunctivitis ; parasitology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Dog Diseases ; parasitology ; Dogs ; Drosophila ; parasitology ; Eye Infections, Parasitic ; epidemiology ; transmission ; veterinary ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Houseflies ; parasitology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; parasitology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Spirurida Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; veterinary ; Thelazioidea ; isolation & purification ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in adults of 4 cities in China.

METHODSSerum samples were collected from 2390 local residents aged between 20 to 88 years from Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. The anti-HAV IgG in sera was detected with a microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA).

RESULTSThe anti-HAV IgG seroprevalence in female of 30 to 39 years in Beijing (64.58%, 62/96) was higher than that in male (45.57% 36/79)) (x(2) = 6.358, P = 0.012). It increased with age in adults of Beijing and Guangzhou. The rates were 54.22 % (90/166), 56.00% (98/175) and 67.18% (88/131) for the 20-, 30- and 40-49 age groups in Beijing (x(2) = 4.76, P = 0.03); and 52.83% (56/106), 52.50% (63/120), 82.46% (94/114), 89.80% (88/98) and 96.77% (60/62) for the 20-, 30-, 40-, 50- and 60-88 age groups in Guangzhou, respectively (x(2) = 72.58, P less than 0.01). This trend was not found in Shanghai and Wuhan (x2 = 0.96, 2.99; P = 0.33, 0.08 respectively). The seroprevalence rates of anti-HAV IgG in the 20 to 39 age group of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan were 55.13% (188/341), 63.93% (429/671), 52.65% (119/226) and 78.37% (308/393), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe seroprevalence rates of anti-HAV IgG in young adults aged 20 to 39 years of the four cities are relatively low, and HAV vaccination should be suggested for the susceptible population of this age group in China.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

Different cytokines are needed in the course of culturing cells to do adoptive immunotherapy. This study was aimed to investigate the differentiation directions of lymphocytes and related gene expression characteristics after combined stimulation of lymphocytes by different cytokines or EBV antigen peptide combined with cytokines. The experiment was divided into 4 groups. The levels of total T lymphocytes (CD3(+)), T helper lymphocytes (CD3(+)CD4(+)), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CD3(+)CD8(+)), memory T cells (CD3(+)CD8(+)CD45RO(+)), naive T cells (CD3(+)CD8(+)CD45RA(+)), Th2 cells (CD3(+)CD30(+)), B cells (CD19(+)), NK cells (CD56(+)), naive T regulatory cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)), precise T regulatory cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)) were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of house-keeping gene (mad1, pten), T helper cells transcriptional regulatory gene t-bet (Th1), gata3 (Th2), cytokine IFN-γ(Th1), IL-4(Th2) were detected by using RT-PCR. The results showed that CTL in EBV polypeptide group were dominant cells with certain clinical effects. Comparison of result of EBV polypeptide group with other 3 different cytokine stimulating groups demonstrated that EBV antigen peptide had much more effects on stimulating CTL generation. The expression of IFN-γ gene was significantly increased; the T helper differentiation-related gene t-bet, gata3 also increased evidently, while expression change of house-keeping gene mad1 and pten were not evident. Addition of different cytokines and antigen peptides in culture may be much more effective on stimulating CTL generation. It is concluded that specific CTL can be obtained by using the lymphocytes co-cultured with EBV and cytokines, and the different cytokines play different roles in cell differentiation.
Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; immunology ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) combined with short tandem repeat (STR) linkage analysis for the prenatal diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

METHODSGender of the fetus was first determined by the presence of Y chromosome sex-determining gene (SRY). Subsequently, combined MLPA and STR linkage analysis were applied for the probands, pregnant women and fetuses in 45 affected families.

RESULTSAmong the 45 families, 31 SRY-positive fetuses were identified, among whom six were diagnosed with DMD. For 14 SRY-negative fetuses, four were diagnosed as carriers. The remainders were normal.

CONCLUSIONMLPA can detect mutations in the exons of dystrophin gene, whilst STR linkage analysis can determine whether the fetus has inherited the maternal X chromosome bearing the mutant gene. As the result, the method can detect affected fetuses in which no exonic mutations are detected with MLPA. By combining the two methods, the diagnostic rate for DMD can be greatly improved.

Dystrophin ; genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo review the clinical data of enteral feeding of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), and analyze the influencing factors.

METHODFrom Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2010, data of 31 ELBWI from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected. ELBWI were assigned to different groups according to the time achieving full enteral feeding, comparison was done between two groups for enteral feeding.

RESULTTwenty-four infants were analyzed, their mean gestational age was (29.0 ± 1.8) weeks (26.14 - 34.43 weeks), birth weight (882 ± 67) g (730 - 970 g), there were 11 infants in group A, whose time for achieving full enteral feeding was (27 ± 6)days, there were 13 infants in group B, whose time achieving full enteral feeding was (46 ± 10)days. The ratio of asphyxia (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), duration of umbilical vein catheterization longer than 10 days (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), and duration of mechanical ventilation longer than 14 days (27.3% vs. 76.9%, P = 0.038) in group A was higher than in group B. The milk volume on the 21st and 28th day in group A was much more than that in group B [(88.9 ± 35.4) ml vs. (37.4 ± 34.9) ml, P = 0.002; (121.1 ± 37.4) ml vs. (53.2 ± 33.1) ml, P = 0.000]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, patent ductus arterious, erythrocytosis, dysglycemia, sepsis, the time to begin enteral feeding, the beginning milk volume, the adding milk volume in the 1st, 2nd week, and the milk volume on the 3rd, 7th, 14th day.

CONCLUSIONAsphyxia, duration of umbilical vein catheterization, and duration of mechanical ventilation are likely to influence the enteral feeding of ELBWI, ELBWI with successful enteral feeding could show good tolerance in the 3rd week. But individual program should be made for enteral feeding of ELBWI, because enteral feeding could be influenced by multiple factors.

Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo establish a colorectal cancer colostomy orthotopic transplantation mice model.

METHODSA colostomy was preformed in BALB/C nu-nu nude mice. After two weeks, when the stoma healed, tumor tissues developed from Lovo cells were implanted into the submucosa of the stoma. When tumor grew up to 5 mm, fluorouracil(5-FU, 20 mg/kg) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection. Tumor developed at the colostomy was observed and its biological characteristics and behaviour were evaluated.

RESULTSColostomy was performed in 10 mice and stoma healed at two weeks. Ten colostomies developed detectable tumor in two to three weeks. Three to five weeks later, the tumors grew up to 5 mm. Survival time of mice injected with 5-FU was(15.2+/-3.7) weeks (ranged:11-21 weeks), and the survival time of the no-treatment group was(12.3+/-2.8) weeks(ranged:9-19 weeks). The difference was statistically significant(P=0.001). The rate of mesenteric metastasis was 1/5 and 2/5 in the treatment and no-treatment group respectively.

CONCLUSIONColostomy orthotopic transplantation mice model is an ideal mice model with the advantages of having high success rate, visualization of implanted tumor in living animal, long survival time and significant tumor response to common chemotherapeutic agent.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colostomy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation