The candidate donor cells for repairing the central nervous system included olfactory ensheathing cells,oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and Schwann cells. Among them,oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are difficult to collect in a large amount; Schwann cells are difficult to traverse glial scar,so olfactory ensheathing cells were the most appropriate groups. Olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro were flexible and of plasticity,thus were capable of adapting to the transplantation microenviroment and benefit for the neural regeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cells could improve the function after injury of spinal dorsal roots,which were probably related to the component of grafts. The proper preparation and mixed olfactory ensheathing cells could contribute to recovery of function. Although the low immunogen of fetal brain,the administration of immunosuppressant would be necessary. In spite of reconstruction of damaged pathway of nervous system,olfactory ensheathing cells were able to promoting sprout of fibers,release neurotransmitters at the non-synaptic sites and improve microenvironment of damaged sites as well,which compensated for the dysfunction in central nervous system injury. Insight into cell biological property and behavior after transplantation would help understand and exert theoretical influence on the repair of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. METHODS: The randomized controlled trials of new oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, which had been published from the time of library foundation to May, 2015, were collected from Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP database according to the inclusion criterias. At the same time the quality of the trials was evaluated and the results of studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 13.1 software. RESULTS: Eleven randomized controlled trials were included, involving 75 621 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with warfarin, the new oral anticoagulants significantly reduced the incidences of all-cause mortality [RR=0.90, 95% CI(0.85, 0.94), P<0.000 1], stroke and systemic embolism [RR=0.86, 95% CI(0.79, 0.93), P=0.0001], major bleeding [RR=0.79, 95% CI(0.74, 0.84), P<0.00001], and intracranial bleeding [RR=0.43, 95% CI(0.37, 0.51), P<0.000 01]. No differences were found in the incidence of ischemic stroke [RR=1.02, 95% CI (0.93, 1.12), P=0.71] and myocardial infarction [RR=1.02, 95% CI (0.91, 1.16), P=0.70]. Heterogeneity was lower through subgroup analysis, no publication bias was found in funnel plots of most outcomes, and sensitivity analysis indicated the results were reliable. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants are better than warfarin, which may have broad prospects.

Objective To investigate the effect of extract of Ginkgo biloba (Egb) on apoptosis of nerve cells and its mechanism after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Forty eight adult SD rats weighing 200-230 g were divided equally and randomly into Egb group and normal saline (NS) group. After hemisectian of spinal cord at T9 vertebrae level, rats in Egb group were lavaged with 2 ml EGB (20 mg) daily and those in NS group with 2 ml NS daily. Tissue sections were collected and stained with Nissl's staining, myelin sheath staining, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohisto-chemistry as well as terminal deoxynueleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end lebeling (TUNEL) at days 1,7, 14 and 21 respectively to evaluate the injured spinal cord tissues after six rats from each group were sacrificed Results Nissl's staining manifested less swelling of the nerve cells near the injury epi-center ( rostral and caudal ), smaller cavity and demyelinated area and higher ratio of bilateral anterior horn neurons of transection side to normal side in Egb group, compared with NS group ( P <0.05). Ap-optotie index (AI) and expression of iNOS in NS group were higher than those in Egb group ( P <0.01 or P <0. 05). Furthermore, the rate of iNOS-positive cells was positively correlated with the AI (r = 0.729, P<0.01) after SCI. Conclusion Egb can prevent nerve cells from apoptosis after SCI in rats, as may be related with inhibition of expression of iNOS.

OBJECTIVETo observe the proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and cell proliferation cycle of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 treated with Inotodiol extracts from Inonotus obliquus and explore the possibility of Inotodiol extracts from Inonotus obliquus as a new tumor chemopreventive drug.

METHODSHuman lung cancer cell line A549 was treated with different concentrations of Inotodiol, the effects of Inotodiol on cell apoptosis, the expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 and cell cycle were detected by TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry assay respectively.

RESULTSInotodiol extracts had antiproliferation effect on human lung carcinoma cell line A549. The expression of Ki-67 decreased with the increase of Inotodiol concentration and exposure time (P<0.05), in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The typical characteristics of the apoptosis of A549 cells treated with Inotodiol were observed, and the apoptotic rate of A549 cell at 48 h was the highest by TUNEL assay. Inotodiol arrested A549 cells in the S phase, and apoptotic peak was observed by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry indicated that the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased, while the expression of p53 and Bax proteins increased in A549 cells treated with Inotodiol, compared with the control cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONInotodiol can inhibit proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells, and its molecular mechanism may be associated with the up-regulating expression of p53 and bax proteins and down-regulating expression of Bcl-2 protein, which arrested A549 cells in S phase.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Genes, bcl-2 ; drug effects ; Genes, p53 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lanosterol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics

The isolate GN52 of Riemerrella anatipestifer was passaged on the Martin Medium successively according to the optimum condition. The experiments included Gram staining, biochemical test, drug sensitivity test and animal experiments were carried out on the bacteria of 3rd, 11th, 21st, 31st, 41st, 51st and 61st generations. It indicated that the bacterial morphs, biochemical character, drug resistance of the strain had no obvious change, but the virulence showed a trend of reduction.

Objective To observe the effects of 75 gram glucose oral tolerance test (75 g OGTT) and standard mixed meal test (SMMT) on insulin secretion function of the islets of Langerhans and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes without using insulin and with no obvious complications were recruited for 75 g OGTT following overnight fasting on the first day and SMMT (bread 50 g,egg 50 g and milk 250 ml) on the 7th day.Blood specimens were collected from each patients before the tests and 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after glucose or meal load to measure their levels of plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids (total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Results No difference in fasting plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids between 75 g OGTT and SMMT was found.Postprandial plasma glucose 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after 75 g OGTT was significantly higher than that after SMMT,with (15.3?3.5) vs (9.9?3.4) mmol/L,(18.2?4.8) vs (12.8?4.0) mmol/L,(16.3?5.8) vs (12.2?4.9) mmol/L and (10.6?5.4) vs (9.5?4.5) mmol/L (F=28.1,P

Objective To investigate the effect of green light laser in complex posterior urethral stricture after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Green light laser was applied in treating 20 cases of complex iatrogenic posterior urethral stricture.Of these cases,12 had false passages,5 had more than 2 strictures and 5 had concurrently urethratresia.The scar tissues were transure- thrally vaporized and resected.The in-dwelling urethral catheter time was 1-2 months after operation. Results All the patients were initially cured without serious complications.The mean operative time was 39 rain (range,30-65 min).During the follow-up of 2-10 months,1 case had mild incontinence:another case (Q_(max)＜9ml/s 2 weeks after surgery) got satisfactory results(Q_(max)＞15ml/s)after the scheduled urethral dilatation.The other 18 cases were treated successfully and voided fluently with postoperative Q_(max)＞15ml/s in all.Conclusions It is suggested that transurethral green light laser procedure is not only safe and ef- fective,but also simple and minimally iuvasive for complex posterior urethral stricture following surgical treat- ment of BPH.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and summarize the medical treatment experience following separation of thoracopagus conjoined twins.

METHODThe clinical manifestations and the medical therapy of a pair of thoracopagus conjoined twins were analyzed. The conjunction of the female twins was from 5 cm above the nipple to the umbilicus. They also suffered from complex congenital heart diseases. At the 17th day of their lives, they were surgically separated. One girl died after the operation, the other survived but experienced heart failure, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction (including liver, blood and kidney et al). In order to protect or maintain the main organ function, the vital signs and the objective indexes were monitored continually, such as blood routine test, C reactive protein, hepatorenal function, bacterial culture, and galactomannan test, blood gas analysis and chest radiogram.

CONCLUSIONIt is important to protect the main organ function and prevent or control infection. The early surgical correction of congenital heart disease may contribute to recovery of the children.

Abdomen ; abnormalities ; Abnormalities, Multiple ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Thorax ; abnormalities ; Treatment Outcome ; Twins, Conjoined ; surgery

OBJECTIVEAs our previous comparative proteomics study on high and low metastasis human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell strains revealed that cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was related to higher metastasis potential, we further investigated the relationship between serum CK19 level in HCC patients and their clinico-pathologic characteristics.

METHODSSerum CK19 levels of 101 normal controls and 108 pathology-proven HCC patients were determined using radioimmunoassay, and the their correlation with clinico-pathologic parameters were studied.

RESULTSThe upper limit of one-side 98% confidence interval of normal serum CK19 level was 2.3 microg/L. Among 108 HCC patients, 24 (22.2%) had increased serum CK19 level, ranging from 2.4 to 45.5 microg/L. There were 12 patients (11.1%) with increased CK19 level but normal AFP level. The percentage of poor differentiated tumor was higher in CK19 increased cases (37.5%, 9/24) than in CK19 normal cases (20.2%, 17/84). Moreover, the presence of portal vein tumor emboli was significantly higher in CK19 increased cases (25.0%, 6/24) than in CK19 normal cases (6.0%, 5/84). (Chi-square = 7.403, P < 0.01) In addition, the percentage of TNM stage III/IV tumor was significantly higher in CK19 increased patients (54.2%, 13/24) than in CK19 normal cases. (chi-square = 13.300, P < 0.005)

CONCLUSIONSome HCC patients do have increased serum CK19 level, which could be related to portal vein tumor emboli, poor tumor differentiation and advanced tumor stages.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; blood ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; genetics ; Proteome ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo separate the low abundance protein and establish the 2-DE synthetic map of total protein of human normal spermatozoa by using the 2-DE technology.

METHODSAll the needed human spermatozoa were collected and mixed, and proteins were extracted at one time with the method of urea/thiourea and ultra-sound. 0.8 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.3 mg sperm protein extracts were separated with 2-DE. Analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS, PI and MW of 2 spots were obtained. Then set the 2 spots as the referent spots, different maps were compared and analyzed. At last, a synthetic map enriched with low abundance protein was obtained.

RESULTS1,080 +/- 23 protein spots have been separated on the 2-DE map with standard 0.5 mg loading amount and a synthetic map A was constructed which consist of 889 matched protein spots on the all maps with 0.5 mg loading amount. 381, 50 and 32 new spots were detected individually on the maps with 0.8 mg, 0.6 mg and 0.3 mg protein loading amount. A synthetic map with 1,352 protein spots was obtained.

CONCLUSIONLow abundance protein was separated and a synthetic map enriched with low abundant protein was obtained by changing the protein loading amount.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Spermatozoa ; chemistry