The optimal treatment of elderly women with breast cancer still faces many difficulties. Life expectancy, comorbidity, and functional status influence clinical decision and survival. Standard adjuvant medical treatments should not be withheld from healthy older patients with reasonable life expectancies. In this study, adjuvant medical treatment literatures for elderly breast cancer patients, including endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, were reviewed, focusing on efficacy and toxicity of drugs for elderly women.

Osteoblasts (OB) isolated from newborn SD rats were cultured in vitro.After treatment with different concentrations of 17?-estradiol (10~(-11)-10~(-6)mol/L),the mRNA expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) in OB were measured by RT-PCR.17?-estradiol increased the expression of OPG in OB with the maximal effect at the concentration of 10~(-8) mol/L.No significant difference was observed in the expression of ODF in OB with different concentrations of 17?-estradiol.The therapeutic effect of estrogen on osteoporosis appears to be related to the enhanced OPG expression in OB at physiological concentration of estrogen.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of mitomycin amphiphilic chitosan polymeric micelles (MMC-ACPM) in rats. METHODS: Mitomycin injection (MMC-INJ) and MMC-ACPM were administered to rats through tail vein at the dosage of 0. 5 mg · kg-1. An ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to determine the concentration of mitomycin (MMC) in plasma and tissues of rats. RESULTS: The t1/2(β) of MMC-INJ and MMC-ACPM in plasma were estimated to be (0.67 ± 0.36) and (3.33 ± 1.47) h, respectively. The AUC0→∞ were calculated to be (120.94 ± 13.77) and (140.95 ± 11.56) ng · mL-1 · h-1, respectively. The MRT were (0.83 ±0.13) and (1.56 ± 0.22) h, and CL were (0.005 ± 0.001) and (0.003 ± 0.001) L · h-1 · kg-1, respectively. Compared with MMC-INJ group, MMC-ACPM group had lower concentrations of MMC in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of rats. CONCLUSION: MMC-ACPM can prolong the circulation of MMC in vivo, improve its bioavailability, and reduce the accumulation in liver and kidney, which can improve curative effects and reduce toxicity.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of hypertension with osteoporosis (OP) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly type 2 diabetic women. Methods: A total of 179 elderly type 2 diabetic women were categorized into hypertension group(n=124)and non-hypertension group(n=55). Lumbar and hip BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Prevalences of osteoporosis were compared between the two groups using Chi-square test, and BMD was compared using covariance analysis. The correlation between the osteoporosis and risk factors was analyzed using binary logistic regression method. Results: The prevalences of osteoporosis (total OP, lumber OP and hip OP) in non-hypertension group were higher than that of the hypertension group(P1=0.037, P1=0.042 and Ph=0.051, respectively). Lumbar and hip BMD in the hypertension group was higher than that in the non-hypertension group, and there were significant differences in L3 and L4 BMDs between the two groups (P3=0.040, P4=0.021); however, the difference disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMD). After adjustment for C peptide, the P value also increased, but not as obvious as after adjustment for BMI. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that OP was associated with age, BMI and osteocalcin, but not with hypertension. Conclusion: OP is associated with the age, BMI, and osteocalcin, but not with hypertension in elderly type 2 diabetic women.

Objective Antimicrobial peptides are the focus of recent research in oral microbiology .This study aimed to eval-uate the activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide pm 11 against oral microorganisms and its action mechanisms . Methods We ana-lyzed the effect of pm11 on oral microorganisms and determined its antimicrobial activity in the saliva environment by measuring its min -imal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericide concentration (MBC), and bactericidal kinetics.We observed its bacteri-cidal activity on the biofilms of streptococcus mutans by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the structural changes in the bacterial membrane by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The antimicrobial activity of pm11 varied greatly against dif-ferent oral microorganisms , with its MIC values ranging from 2 μg/mL to 256 μg/mL and its MBC values from 2 μg/mL to >256μg/mL.The bactericidal kinetics showed a decreasing survival rate of bacteria with the lengthening of the intervention time .The inhib-itory-zone diameters exhibited no significant indifference between the water solution and the sterile saliva solution .CLSM revealed an increased number of dead bacteria in the pm 11-treated biofilms , while SEM manifested obvious changes in the shape of the bacteria membrane treated with pm11. Conclusion Our findings suggest that pm11 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities on oral mi-croorganisms and a potential value of clinical application .

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Vocal Cords ; cytology ; physiology

As a kind of the plant tissue cultures, hairy root culture is characterized by rapid growth without exogenous hormones source and high yield of secondary metabolites, which attracted the attention of scholars in resent years. This work systematically summarized the research of medicinal plant hairy roots, including the mechanism, current situation of medicinal plant hairy roots, and their applications.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

Sphingolipids are structural components of cellular membranes.Their metabolites,such as ceramide,sphingosine,and sphingosine 1-phosphate are important bioactive molecules,which act as the first or second messengers regulating various cellular activities,including proliferation,survival,migration and neovascularization in vitro and in vivo tumor models.Sphingosine kinases 1(SPK1) is a critical regulator of the balance between ceramide and S1P.Recent studies show that ceramide,SPK1 and S1P can regulate many of the hallmarks of cancer.These studies suggest that these metabolites can serve as novel targets for cancer therapy.