Resection margin involvement of pancreaticoduodenectomy is an key prognostic factor for pancreatic head cancer.However,there is a wide variation of reported microscopic margin involvement (R1) rate in the literature,and there is discrepancy between the R1 rate and clinical outcome.Recent studies indicate that the variation and the discrepancy are caused by confusing nomenclature,controversy regarding the difinition of R1,lack of standardization of pathological examination,and inaccurate diagnosis for the pancreatic head mass.This review summarizes the composition and nomenclature of the circumferential resection margin,the difinition of R1,the method of pathological examination,the relationship between R1 rate and prognosis,and the relationship between resection margin involvement and tumor origin.

In view of the different characteristics of the course content,the author used the different teaching methods and measure,and discussed the course teaching reform in higher vocational traditional rehabilitation treatment technology.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cinobufacini injection on proliferation, migration and tube-like structure formation of human hepatoma HepG-2 cells co-cultured with human lymphatic endothelial cells. METHODS: Co-culture system of human hepatoma HepG-2 cells and human lymphatic endothelial cells is established by means of transwell chamber; cell growth curve is used to observe the effect of cinobufacini injection on the proliferation of HLEC co-cultured with HepG-2 cells; migration assay is used to observe the effect of cinobufacini injection on the migration of HLEC co-cultured with HepG-2; matrigel assay is used to observe the effect of cinobufacini injection on the tube-like structure formation of HLEC co-cultured with HepG-2 cells. RESULTS: Cinobufacini injection significantly inhibits proliferation(P < 0.05), migration (P < 0.05) and tube-like structure formation (P < 0.05) of HLEC co-cultured with HepG-2 cells in dose dependent ways. CONCLUSION: Cinobufacini injection inhibits proliferation, migration and tube-like structure formation of HLEC co-cultured with HepG-2 cells, which might contribute the inhibiting mechanisms of cinobufacini injection on tumor metastasis.

Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt.(nutmeg) in Indonesia and to provide qualities control scientific foundations.Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and separated with GC capillary column.The relative content of every compound was determined by normalization method and the chemical compositions were evaluated by GC-MS.Results: Ninety-three chromatographic peaks were isolated and sixty-one compounds were identified,accounting for 97.62% of the total essential oil in nutmeg.Conclusion: The essential components of nutmeg in Indonesia is monoterpenoids and it's derivatives,accounting for 78.87% of the total essential oil.And phenolic compounds were the secondary composition,accounting for 16.79%.The essential oil contains safrole,which can induce genetoxicity and mutagenicity in animal,and myristicin and elemicin which can induce illusion.So,it must be careful when Myristica fragrans Houtt was used.

Objective Antimicrobial peptides are the focus of recent research in oral microbiology .This study aimed to eval-uate the activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide pm 11 against oral microorganisms and its action mechanisms . Methods We ana-lyzed the effect of pm11 on oral microorganisms and determined its antimicrobial activity in the saliva environment by measuring its min -imal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericide concentration (MBC), and bactericidal kinetics.We observed its bacteri-cidal activity on the biofilms of streptococcus mutans by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the structural changes in the bacterial membrane by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The antimicrobial activity of pm11 varied greatly against dif-ferent oral microorganisms , with its MIC values ranging from 2 μg/mL to 256 μg/mL and its MBC values from 2 μg/mL to >256μg/mL.The bactericidal kinetics showed a decreasing survival rate of bacteria with the lengthening of the intervention time .The inhib-itory-zone diameters exhibited no significant indifference between the water solution and the sterile saliva solution .CLSM revealed an increased number of dead bacteria in the pm 11-treated biofilms , while SEM manifested obvious changes in the shape of the bacteria membrane treated with pm11. Conclusion Our findings suggest that pm11 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities on oral mi-croorganisms and a potential value of clinical application .

The papers regarding moxibustion published in science citation index (SCI) journals for the recent 5 years were searched to explore the international tendency of moxibustion researches, which provided references for moxibustion to have a better internationalization. With methods of internet search and database search, a total of 116 papers regarding moxibustion were included. These papers were published in 40 kinds of journals, mostly in Britain and the United States. The journal with the highest impact factor was Stroke, which had 5729 points. The number and impact factor of these journals were inferior to those of acupuncture journal. Compared among these journals, the depth and width of moxibustion research were increasing year by year. The category of diseases related with moxibustion is mainly digestive system diseases, motor system diseases and urinary-genital system diseases. The type of papers was characterized with clinical observation and mechanism research. Researches related with moxibustion included moxibustion dose and safety. It was believed that the international recognition of moxibustion effectiveness, standardization of moxibustion manipulation, standardization research, etc. were needed to be solved in the further.
Bibliometrics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Journal Impact Factor ; Moxibustion ; Publications ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To evaluate the effect of different grades of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)and of salpingectomy on outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods Two hundred and twenty three cycles of IVF-ET were divided into three groups,including mild group,moderate group and severe group,according to different grades of sequelae of PID finding in exploratory operations before IVF.Patients in each group were divided into two subgroups according to receiving salpingectomy or not.The data of total dose of gonadotrophin(Gn),oocyte number,low response rate,fertilization rate,good embryo number and pregnancy rate were analysed between three groups and the two subgroups of each group, respectively.Results All parameters were related to PID grades except fertilization rate.The total dose of Gn,oocyte number,good embryo number,low response rate and pregnancy rate were(2057?503)IU/L, (16?6),(6.0?4.3),4.2%,63.9% in mild group;(2204?603)IU/L,(12?6),(4.5?3.5), 13.9%,46.8% in moderate group;and(2372?1018)IU/L,(9?6),(3.1?2.9),33.8%,41.2% in severe group.The total dose of Gn and low response rate increased with the aggravation of the grades of PID (P

Objective To optimize the formulation ratio and preparation process of the APGA modified artemether liposomes, and evaluate its physical and chemical properties. Methods The encapsulation efficiency of artemether was evaluated as index, and the preparation method of APGA modified artemether liposomes was optimized. The preparation process of APGA modified artemether liposomes was optimized by orthogonal experiments. Laser particle analyzer and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the particle size, Zeta potential, and appearance of liposomes, and dialysis method was used to study the release of liposomes in vitro. Results The best prescription was as follow: EPC-Chol-TPGS at 95:0.5:3, 5% APGA-PEG-DSPE, the artemether-lipid ratio at 1:20, film-forming temperature 30 ℃, probe ultrasound time 8 min. The resulting liposomes exhibited a pale blue opalescent appearance. The average particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of artemether liposomes was (99.97 ± 1.67) nm, 0.185 ± 0.021, and (-0.023 ± 0.080) mV, respectively. Transmission electron micrograph image showed that artemether liposomes were spherical vesicles with uniform sizes. The encapsulation efficiency of artemether in liposomes was (90.06 ± 1.15)%. In vitro cumulative release rate of artemether from the liposomes in the simulated body fluids was (57.07 ± 6.09)% after 48 h. Conclusion The optimized APGA modified artemether liposomes was successfully developed. It had the following characters: round shape, uniform particle size, high drug encapsulation efficiency and good sustained-release effect.

Objective To evaluate the targeting and inhibitory effects of the targeted artemether liposomes modified with APGA- PEG2000-DSPE conjugate in vitro. Methods APGA was used as targeted molecular, and the new functional material APGA- PEG2000-DSPE conjugate was synthesized and confirmed by using MALDI-TOF-MS. A kind of targeted artemether liposomes was developed by modifying APGA-PEG2000-DSPE using film dispersed method. Co-culture model of BBB-glioma C6 tumor spheroids was developed, and it was used to study the transporting efficiency across the BBB and the penetration ability of the liposomes into glioma C6 tumor spheroids viewed by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the targeting properties of the preparations to C6 glioma cells. SRB method was used to study the inhibitory effect of targeted liposomes on the growth of C6 glioma cells. Results The APGA-PEG2000-DSPE conjugate was confirmed by using MALDI-TOF-MS, and its average mass was 3 150. The co-culture model showed that the targeted liposomes can better transport across the BBB and then penetrate into the glioma C6 tumor spheroids. To C6 glioma cells, the IC50 of the targeted artemether liposomes, artemether liposomes and free artemether were 45, 82, and 95 μmol/L, separately. Conclusion The targeted artemether liposomes could effectively transport across the BBB and penetrate into the glioma C6 tumor spheroids. The targeted artemether liposomes had stronger inhibitory effect on brain glioma cells in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effect of naloxone on neuronal cells apoptosis induced by repeated febrile seizures(FS).Methods Warm water was used to induce 70 rats FS model 15 days after birth in this study; each rat was induced 7 times febrile seizures at one- day interval . Seventy rats were randomly divided into naloxone-treated group and FS control group, receiving injection of naloxone or saline at 5, 30, 60 min and 2 hours after FS each day respectively. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last seizure. Neuronal cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL methods in situ cell death kit. TUNEL positive cells(TPC) were stained and counted as apoptosis in hippocampus and cortex. Ultrastructural changes of apoptosis neurons were observed under the electron microscope(EM). Results Compared with the FS control group, naloxone treatment could significantly relieve neuron apoptosis induced by repeated FS when it was used at 5, 30, 60 min after the last FS. However there was no significant difference in neuron apoptosis between 2 groups when naloxone was used at 2 hours after FS. The comparison of different naloxone administration time showed that the earlier naloxone was injected,the fewer apoptosis neurons were induced by FS.Conclusion Naloxone,as early used in proper dosage,may significantly alleviate apoptosis after repeated FS ,and protect neurons.