OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution characteristics of basic syndromes and its related factors in patients with chronic functional constipation (CFC).

METHODSThe complete data of 538 patients with CFC were collected and initial database was established with Epidata 3. 0. TCM syndrome typing was performed. The distribution characteristics of basic syndromes were analyzed using SPSS 17. 0 Software. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed with SPSS 17. 0 Software to determine basic syndrome related factors such as age, engaged professionals, sleep quality, depression, mental stress, interpersonal relations, work fatigue, stimulating beverage, exercise conditions, Western medicine type of constipation, and so on.

RESULTSThe TCM syndrome frequency of CFC patients was sequenced from high to low as qi deficiency syndrome (380 cases, 70.6%), qi stagnation syndrome (337 cases, 62.6%), blood deficiency syndrome (234 cases, 43.5%), yin deficiency syndrome (220 cases, 40.9%), yang deficiency syndrome (197 cases, 36.6%), and others(58 cases, 10. 8%) . Most patients were complicated with complex syndromes, and the most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome (275 cases, 51.1%) and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome (222 cases, 41.3%). Aging, work fatigue, and exercise conditions were main related factors for qi deficiency syndrome (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies), mental stress, interpersonal relations, defecation barriers constipation were main related factors for qi stagnation syndrome (P <0.01). Sleep quality and poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies) were main related factors for blood deficiency syndrome (P <0. 01, P < 0.05). Stimulating beverages were main related factor for yin deficiency syndrome (P <0.05). Engaged in mental work and slow transit constipation were main related factors for yang deficiency syndrome (P < 0. 01, P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSCFC is featured as complex syndromes. The most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome. Basic syndrome related factors such as age, engaged professionals, sleep quality, poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies), mental stress, interpersonal relations, work fatigue, stimulating beverage, exercise conditions, Western medicine type of constipation were associated with the distribution of CFC syndromes.

Anxiety ; complications ; Constipation ; complications ; diagnosis ; psychology ; therapy ; Depression ; complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Stress, Psychological ; complications ; Syndrome ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo explore the protection of high intensity microwave radiation on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity and hippocampal CA1 structure in rats and the protectiveeffect of Qindan Granule (QG) on radiation injured rats.

METHODSTotally 48 Wistar rats were randomlydivided into 8 groups, i.e., the normal control group, post-radiation day 1, 7, and 10 groups, 7 and 10days prevention groups, day 7 and 10 treatment groups, 6 in each group. Rats in prevention groups wererespectively administered with QG liquid (1 mL/100 g, 4. 75 g crude drugs) for 7 days and 10 days bygastrogavage and then microwave radiation. Then preventive effect for radiation injury was statisticallycalculated with the normal control group and the post-radiation day 1 group. Rats in treatment groupswere firstly irradiated, and then administered with QG liquid (1 mL/100 g, 4.75 g crude drugs). Finally preventive effect for radiation injury was statistically calculated with the normal control group, post-radiation day 7 and 10 groups. Contents of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), beta endorphin (beta-EP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were detected. Morphological changes and structure of hippocampal CA1 region were observed under light microscope.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, contents of CRH and beta-EP significantly decreased in each radiation group. Serum contents of ACTH and beta-EP significantly increased in post-radiation day 1 and 7 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with radiation groups, beta-EP content in serum and pituitary significantly increased, and serum ACTH content significantly decreased in prevention groups (P < 0.05). Pituitary contents of CRH and beta-EP significantly increased in prevention groups. Serum contents of ACTH, beta-EP, and HSP70 were significantly lower in day 7 treatment group than post-radiation day 7 group (P < 0.05). Morphological results showed that pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region arranged in disorder, with swollen cells, shrunken and condensed nucleus, dark dyeing cytoplasm, unclear structure. Vessels in partial regions were dilated with static blood; tissues were swollen and sparse. In prevention and treatment groups pathological damage of hippocampal CA1 region was obviously attenuated; neurons were arranged more regularly; swollen, pycnotic, or deleted neuron number were decreased; vascular dilatation and congestion was lessened.

CONCLUSIONQG could affect HPAA function and activity of high intensity microwave radiated rats, showing certain preventive and therapeutic effects of microwave radiated rats by adjusting synthesis and release of partial bioactive peptides and hormones in HPAA, improving pathological injury in hippocampal CA1 region.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; blood ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; beta-Endorphin ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the antagonization of phentolamine against the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the activity of pain-related neurons in the parafascicular nucleus of morphine-dependent rats.

METHODSElectric impulses were applied as nociceptive stimulus to the right sciatic nerve of morphine-dependent rats, and the discharges of the pain-related neurons in the parafascicular nucleus were recorded by extracellular recording method with glass microelectrodes.

RESULTSIntracerebroventricular injection of norepinephrine resulted in the inhibition of evoked response of the pain-excited neurons as well as the excitation of evoked response of the pain-inhibiting neurons. Both the inhibitory effect on the electric discharges of the pain-excited neurons and the excitatory effect on the pain-inhibiting neurons of norepinephrine were almost completely blocked by intracerebroventricular administration of phentolamine.

CONCLUSIONPhentolamine antagonizes the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine on the activity of pain-related neurons in the parafascicular nucleus in morphine-dependent rats, and norepinephrine may play an important role in the integration of the pain signal through the alpha-receptors.

Animals ; Drug Antagonism ; Electrophysiology ; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei ; cytology ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Norepinephrine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Phentolamine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Tangshenkang Granule (TG) containing serum on renal mesangial cells' (RMCs) proliferation and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway in the high glucose condition.

METHODSTwelve SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the low dose TG group, the middle dose TG group, the high dose TG group, and the blank control group, 3 in each group. After 7-day gastrogavage via portal vein blood, rats were sacrificed and their serum samples were collected. RMCs were cultured in common rat serum and TG containing serum respectively. The proliferation of mesangial cells was determined by methly thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay to determine the optimal TG containing serum concentration. Expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were determined by real time quantitative PCR and ELISA. Smad2/3 protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.

RESULTSTG containing serum at different doses could inhibit high glucose induced RMC cells' proliferation, TGF-β1 over-expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONTG containing serum could inhibit high glucose induced RMC cells' proliferation, and its mechanism might be possibly associated with inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; Mesangial Cells ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) combined with external hemorrhoids excision in the treatment of III or IV mixed hemorrhoids.

METHODSOne hundred and twelve patients with III or IV mixed hemorrhoids admitted for surgical treatment were randomly divided into three groups: PPH 1 group (34 cases), PPH2 group (36 cases), and Milligan-Morgan group (42 cases). PPH1 group received the standard PPH operation, PPH2 received PPH and external hemorrhoids excision, and Milligan-Morgan group received Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. Postoperative 24 h-pain index, pain index when defecating, bleeding, anal discomfort feeling , wound edema, the ability of controlling feces, operating time, hospitalization time and charges were recorded. The change of anal dynamics was detected by anorectal manometry. All the patients were followed-up for 0.5-1 year.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences among the three groups in bleeding, anal discomfort feeling, the ability of controlling feces (P>0.05). The postoperative 24 h-pain index of PPH1 group was lower than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). PPH1 group and PPH2 group were better than Milligan-Morgan group in pain index when defecating, wound edema, operating time, and hospitalization time (P<0.05). Milligan-Morgan group was better than the other two groups in postoperative urinary retention and hospital charges (P<0.05). The change of anal duct pressure of Milligan-Morgan group was less than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). Within 0.5-1.0 year follow-up, 3 patients got thrombosed external hemorrhoid in PPH1 group, 2 patients recurred and 1 patient got thrombosed external hemorrhoid in Milligan-Morgan group, no recurred patients in PPH2 group.

CONCLUSIONPPH combined with external hemorrhoid excision is a safe and effective treatment for mixed hemorrhoids, which is suitable for mixed hemorrhoids with severe external hemorrhoids.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhoids ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prolapse ; Surgical Stapling

Objective To investigate the cerebral blood flow (CBF) perfusion patterns and related factors in hyperthyroidism patients.Methods Twenty-five patients with hyperthyroidism and twenty-two healthy controls matched for age,sex,education were enrolled.~(99)Tc~m-ethylene cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT CBF perfusion imaging was performed at rest.Statistical parametric mapping 5.0 software (SPM5) was used and a statistical threshold of P＜0.05 (corrected) was applied for signifying changes of regional CBF (rCBF).The semiquantitative values of rCBF were extracted automatically by brain search 1.1 software and were correlated with concentrations of serum thyroid hormones(FT_3,FT_4),thyroid autoimmune antibodies:sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone(sTSH),thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) by Pearson analysis,with disease duration by Spearman analysis.Results rCBF was decreased significantly in limbic system and frontal lobe,including parahippocampal gyrus,uncus (posterior entorhinal cortex,posterior parolfactory cortex,parahippocampal cortex,anterior cingulate,right inferior temporal gyrus),left hypothalamus and caudate nucleus (P＜0.05,corrected).rCBF in left lingual gyrus,posterior cingulated was negatively correlated with concentration of FT_3(r=-0.468,-0.417,both P＜0.05).rCBF in left lingual gyrus,bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,right superior parietal lobe was negatively correlated with concentration of FT_4(r=-0.4M,-0.418,-0.415,-0.459,all P＜0.05),while that in left mammillary body and putamen was positively correlated with concentration of FT_4(r=0.419,0.412,both P＜0.05).rCBF in left insula was negatively correlated with concentration of sTSH,and right auditory associated cortex was positively correlated with concentration of sTSH(r=-0.504,0.429,both P＜0.05).rCBF in left middle temporal gyrus,left angular gyrus was positively correlated with concentration of TRAb while that in right thalamus,right hypothalamus,left anterior nucleus,left ventralis nucleus was negatively correlated with concentration of TRAb(r=0.750,0.862,-0.691,-0.835,-0.713,-0.759,all P＜0.05).rCBF in right anterior cingulate,right cuneus,right rectus gyrus,right superior marginal gyrus was positively correlated with concentration of TPOAb(r=0.696,0.581,0.779,0.683,all P＜0.05).rCBF in postcentral gyrus,temporal gyrus,left superior marginal gyrus and auditory associated cortex was positively correlated with disease duration(r=0.502,0.457,0.524,0.440,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Hypoperfusions in limbic system and fontal lobe were found in hyperthyroidism Patients,which might be associated with thyroid function and disesse duration.

Objective To investigate the effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP)on proliferation and apoptosis of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP +)-induced SH-SY5Y cells, and mechanisms via mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling pathway. Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,MPP+group,NBP group and URMC-099 group,that cultured normally,with 1 mmol/L MPP+for 24 hours,with 10μmol/L NBP for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,and with 200 nmol/L MLK3 inhibitor URMC-099 for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,respectively.The morphology of SH-SY5Y cells was observed under inverted phase contrast mi-croscope and the survival rate was measured with 3-(4,5-Cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays.The apoptosis was quantified under flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI fluorescence staining,and the nuclear morphology was observed with Hoechst 33342 staining.The expression of phosphorylated protein of MLK3(p-MLK3),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK),extra cellular regulated protein ki-nases(p-ERK1/2)were detected with Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate reduced and apoptosis in-creased in MPP+group(P<0.05),with the increase of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and decrease of p-ERK1/2 d(P<0.05).Compared with MPP+group,the survival rate increased and apoptosis reduced in both NBP and URMC-099 groups(P<0.05),with the decrease of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and increase of p-ERK1/2(P<0.05).Conclusion NBP can decrease the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in-duced by MPP+,which may be associated with inhibiting MLK3 signaling pathway,and regulating the downstream p-JNK and p-ERK1/2.

To investigate effects of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSC) on hematopoiesis after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), allogeneic BMT model from Fischer 344 rats (RT-1Al) to Wistar rats (RT-1Au) was established; effects of MSCs on hematopoietic reconstitution were studied by survival rate, peripheral blood counts, histological analysis and FACS at day 30 after transplantation. The results showed that (1) MSCs from donor Fisher344 could survive in recipient irradiated by lethal dose and could be found in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow of the recipient at 30 days after cotransplantation with BM by measuring EGFP gene. (2) Cotransplanation of MSCs and BM improved hematopoietic reconstitution. Lymphocyte and platelet counts of peripheral blood in cotransplantation group were higher than those in the control group. Active hematopoiesis and increase of bone marrow nucleated cells were observed in cotransplantation group. MSCs significantly enhanced hematopoiesis of B lymphocyte and megakaryocytopoietic lineages by FACS analysis. It is concluded that (1) MSCs of Fisher344 can be found in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow of the recipients at 30 days after cotransplantion by measuring EGFP gene. (2) hematopoietic reconstitution is significantly enhanced by MSCs cotransplanted with BM.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoiesis ; physiology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Models, Animal ; Platelet Count ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Wistar

To investigate the influence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on chemotaxis of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). Rabbit chemotactic migration of primary BEC was assessed in a blind-well Boyden chamber. Radioimmunoassay and radio-ligand affinity analysis were used for determining VIP secretion and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VIPR) expression. The results showed: (1) the method for determining chemotaxis of BECs by using insulin as chemotactic factor was stable and reproducible (r=0.9703, P<0.01). (2) VIP (0.001-1 micromol/L) elicited chemotaxis of BECs which was substantial and concentration-dependent. The effects of VIP were inhibited by W-7 and H-7 (P<0.01). (3) Heat stress enhanced the secretion of VIP (P<0.01) and upregulated the expression of VIPR on BECs (P<0.05). These results indicate that VIP in the lungs may play an important role in the repair of damaged epithelium, accelerating restoration of the airway to its normal state. Calmodulin and protein kinase C may be involved in the signal transduction of VIP effects.
Animals ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Female ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; biosynthesis ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; pharmacology

A novel inhibitor series for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were designed and synthesized. Using succinate and malonate as zinc binding groups and long hydrophobic substituents to bind with S1' pockets, the compounds showed micromolar inhibition and selectivity for MMP-2 over others. And we found a better activity compound. It is a chance to find a better precursor of MMP-2 inhibitors with activity and bioavailability by further optimization of compounds.
Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship