Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; pathogenicity ; Brain Abscess ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neuroaspergillosis ; complications ; pathology ; Occipital Lobe ; pathology ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Child ; Colitis ; diagnosis ; Colon, Sigmoid ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Eosinophilia ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Sigmoid Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Sigmoidoscopy

Corydalis Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo (Papaveraceae) distributed traditionally mainly in south-eastern and now cultivated in northwestern and other district in China, is one of the commonly used and well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been widely used to treat spastic pain, abdominal pain, pain due to injury, and promote blood circulation. Its main chemical constituents were alkaloids, which were divided into the two types of protoberberines and aporphines. Among them, some alkaloids were found to elicit profound effects on the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, which plays an important role in regulating nociception. In this article, the chemical composition and structure-types, new methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as characteristics of biotransformation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, pharmacokinetic, and drug-drug interaction for the alkaloids were revealed. These results would greatly contribute to the establishment of bioactive material base of Corydalis Rhizoma.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Animals ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective:To explore the relationship between contact lens (CL) related dry eye and morphological changes of meibomian glands.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 157 consecutive subjects (314 eyes) to underwent refractive surgery from May 2014 to June 2015 in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were included.The subjects wearing soft CL for a long time were divided into CL group (182 eyes of 91 subjects), while the subjects who never wore CL were divided into the control group (132 eyes of 66 subjects). The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear meniscus height (TMH), first non-invasive tear film breakup time (fNIBUT), average non-invasive tear film breakup time (avNIBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score of all subjects were collected and analyzed.Morphological evaluation of meibomian glands were performed.The meibomian glands dropout ratio of upper eyelid, lower eyelid and total meibomian gland area as well as meibomian glands distortion number of the two groups were compared.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2014KY[L]-09). Written informed consent was obtained from each patients prior to any examination.Results:The OSDI score, CFS score, TMH, fNIBUT and avNIBUT were 16.67(10.00, 25.00), 13.88(7.50, 18.26), 0.20(0.17, 0.23) mm, 5.64(3.95, 7.92)s and 8.56(6.56, 12.12)s in CL group, respectively, while 13.88(7.50, 18.26), 1.00(0.00, 2.00), 0.22(0.17, 0.29) mm, 7.33(4.54, 13.21)s and 11.49(7.46, 17.83)s in the control group, respectively.Compared with the control group, the CL group had the higher OSDI score, higher CFS score, lower TMH, lower fNIBUT, lower avNIBUT, and the differences were significant (all at P<0.01). The MG dropout ratio and meibomian gland distortion number were (29.42±12.24)% and 4(3, 6) in CL group, respectively, while (20.37±10.83)% and 3(1, 4) in the control group, respectively.In comparison with the control group, the CL group had the higher MG dropout ratio and greater meibomian gland distortion number ( t=6.76, P<0.01; U=7 656.00, P<0.01). A positive correlation was found between the total meibomian gland area dropout ratio and duration of CL wearing ( rS=0.404, P<0.01), OSDI scores ( rS=0.275, P<0.01), CFS scores ( rS=0.319, P<0.01). Conclusions:Long-term wearing of CL can lead to severe ocular discomfort, dry eye syndrome and morphological alterations in meibomian gland, suggesting that morphological abnormality of meibomian gland is presumably associated with the occurrence of ocular discomfort and dry eye syndromes in CL wearers.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and risk factors of elderly hospitalized patients with post-stroke hypertension (PSH).MethodsThe data including sex, age and blood pressure of 300 elderly PSH patients were analyzed retrospectively to find out the influence factors related to PSH.ResultsCompared with younger patients, the elderly patients had lower incidence of limb paralysis, disturbance of consciousness, while high frequency of headache and emesis on admission; hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol abuse were significantly less frequent, while coronary heart disease and pneumonia were more common in elderly patients. Blood pressure especially systolic pressure of elderly PSH patients raised obviously .ConclusionElderly stroke patients have distinctive risk factors and clinical features, which are different from younger patients.

Objective To study the effects of sample digestion conditions on measurement results of urinary iodine determined by As(Ⅲ)-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry with ammonium persulfate digestion,and to promote the application of newly revised (the 2012 edition) national standard method for determination of urinary iodine.Methods According to the newly revised national standard method,various digestion conditions,such as ammonium persulfate concentration (0.8-1.3 mol/L,group interval 0.1),digestion instruments (heating block and drying oven) and standing time after digestion(0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 and 22.0 h),were studied.The samples included 3 standard materials,which were GWB09108k,GWB09109f and GWB09110m containing iodine of (68.2 ± 9.0),(138.0 ± 10.0) and (221.0 ± 10.0) μg/L,and 5 urine samples with iodine concentration of 100-300 μg/L.Results Measurement results among the three groups of 0.9,1.0 and 1.1 mol/L ammonium persulfate digestion fluid showed no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The digestive effect showed no significant difference between heating block and drying oven (P ＞ 0.05) except one standard material in low concentration (GBW09108k).After digestion,samples were placed 0.5-22.0 h,the measurement results between groups showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Appropriate concentrations of ammonium persulfate are from 0.9 mol/L to 1.1 mol/L.Heating block is recommended for the digestion,however,when absent,drying oven can be used alternatively.The standing times from 0.5 h to 22 h after digestion have not affected the measurement results.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the functional and metabolic alterations in cultured insulin resistant ovary model in vitro, and to observe the effect of berberine (Ber, a Chinese medical monomer) in improving insulin resistance (IR).

METHODSOvary of mouse was cultured in vitro and treated by dexamethasone (Dex) to induce IR for establishing IR model ovary. The functional alteration in model ovary was assessed through detecting glucose and hormone levels in medium using RT-PCR, meanwhile, the expression of key molecules in insulin signal and steroid synthetic pathway were detected, and condition of IR improved by berberine was evaluated also.

RESULTS(1) The model ovary was made by Dex in dose- and acting time-dependent manner. After being treated by 300 nmol/L Dex for 48 h, the glucose uptake of ovary reduced from 9.05 +/- 0.75 mg/g to 2.48 +/- 0.29 mg/g (P < 0.05); it further decreased (from 9.59 +/- 1.74 mg/g to 1.94 +/- 0.19 mg/g, P < 0.01) under the stimulation of insulin, which proved that the IR model ovary was made successfully. Berberine significantly increased the glucose uptake of model ovaries (1.89 +/- 0.33 mg/g to 13.95 +/- 3.30 mg/g, P < 0.05). (2) As compared with control group, levels of testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A2) were higher, and levels of progesterone (P) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were lower significantly in the model. Berberine reversed the alternations of T, A2 and 17-OHP levels, but did not influence the level of P. (3) RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of cytochrome 17-hydroxylase (CYP17) and mini-chromosome maintenance protein-2 (MCM-2) elevated, but extracellular regulated protein-1 (ERK-1), protein kinase B (AKT-2) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3beta) lowered in the medium after Dex inducing. Berberine treatment restored these molecular index obviously.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Dex could induce IR in mouse ovary, which might enhance the androgenic synthesis. (2) Berberine could alleviate the degree of IR and the androgen synthesis, indicating that the Chinese sensitizing agents has favorable therapeutic effect for the treatment of polycystic ovaries.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ; metabolism ; Androstenedione ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Ovary ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Progesterone ; biosynthesis ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis

Objective To measure the serum selenium levels in patient with Keshan disease(KSD)and in healthy controls in Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia KSD areas,to monitor the long-term dynamic changes of hair and serum selenium levels in Shandong KSD areas,and to provide scientific basis for preventing KSD.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in KSD areas of Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia in 2009.The research subjects which come from KSD areas were 77 cases and 63 healthy controls from Shandong;35 patients and 36 healthy controls from Sichuan;and 17 patients and 18 healthy controls from Inner Mongolia.Additional 33 healthy people from Jinan city were selected as controls of non-KSD areas.Blood and hair samples were collected and selenium levels were measured by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence spectrometry.Retrospective method was used to analyze the hair and serum selenium data collected between 1976 and 2004 in Shandong KSD areas.and these data were eompard with the data of 2009 to observe the long-term dynamic changes.Results ① The serum selenium levels of KSD patients in Shandong and Inner Mongolia were significantly lower than that of healthy subjects of KSD areas[(0.0773±0.0113)vs(0.0895±0.0256),(0.0347±0.0107)vs(0.0469±0.0161),t=3.52,3.87,all P<0.01].No significant difference was found between KSD patients and healthy people in Sichuan[(0.0792±0.0162)vs(0.0774±0.0103),t=0.55,P>0.05].②The serum selenium levels of KSD patients in Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia KSD areas were lower than that of non-KSD area[(0.0988±0.0231)mg/L,q=6.74,5.83,19.47,all P<0.01].The serum selenium levels of healthy people in Sichuan and Inner Mongoha KSD areas were significantly lower than that of non-KSD area(q=6.68,16.36,all P<0.01).The serum selenium levels of healthy controls in Inner Mongolia were lower than that of in Shandong and Sichuan(q=13.63,14.74,13.62,1.46,all P<0.01).③From 1976 to 2009,the hair and serum selenium levels of Shandong resident were increased 1.68 times(0.343/0.128-1)for hair and 0.98 times(0.091/0.046-1)for serum,respectively.But there was no significant difference between the average growth rate of hair and serum selenium levels(χ2=1.38,P>0.05).Conclusions ①The hair and serum selenium levels of KSD patients are lower than that of healthy controls in non-KSD area.②The serum selenium levels of Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia are different between KSD patients and healthy controls in the diseased areas.③The hair and serum selenium data of Shandong resident show an upward vend over the past 30 years.We suggest to continue the comprehensive measures of adding selenium in KSD areas.

NP, P and L gene of Newcastle disease virus of goose origin were amplified and cloned into pGEM-T easy vector and then subcloned into pCI-neo expression vector respectively, the positive clones were identified by enzyme cutting, PCR and sequencing. GFP reporter gene was inserted into the downstream of recombinant expression plasmid of P gene, which of stop codon was deleted. The experiment of transfection of P and GFP recombinant plasmid on COS-1 cells and CEF showed that GFP gene expressed, and this demonstrated that P gene was also expressed. This research may be helpful for further study of reverse genetics and functional genome of NDV of goose origin.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of combination of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on osteoporosis rats induced by retinoic acid.

METHODSixty three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Epimedii Folium group, the Ligustri Lucidi Fructus group, the combination group of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and the raloxifene group. The osteoporosis model was established through oral administration with retinoic acid for two weeks. Meanwhile, all of treatment groups were administered with corresponding drugs for three weeks. The contents of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) were detected, and the pathomorphological changes of femurs were observed.

RESULTThe model control group showed much lower contents of serum Ca and P than the normal control group, but with significantly higher AKP and StrACP activity than the normal control group. The femoral head area showed reduced, narrow and sparse trabecular bones, with typical osteoporosis-like changes. Compared with the model control group, all of treated groups showed significant increase in Ca and P contents in serum, and down-regulate AKP and StrACP levels, while trabecular bones became more and wider, and densely interweaved as a reticular formation. Among them, the combination group showed the most significant effect.

CONCLUSIONEpimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus could effectively correct the abnormal bone metabolism and improve pathological conditions of bone tissues, so as to show the anti-osteoporosis effect. The combined application of the two drugs showed a better efficacy.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Calcium ; blood ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Femur ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Ligustrum ; chemistry ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Phosphorus ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; Tretinoin ; adverse effects