Objective Antimicrobial peptides are the focus of recent research in oral microbiology .This study aimed to eval-uate the activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide pm 11 against oral microorganisms and its action mechanisms . Methods We ana-lyzed the effect of pm11 on oral microorganisms and determined its antimicrobial activity in the saliva environment by measuring its min -imal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericide concentration (MBC), and bactericidal kinetics.We observed its bacteri-cidal activity on the biofilms of streptococcus mutans by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the structural changes in the bacterial membrane by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The antimicrobial activity of pm11 varied greatly against dif-ferent oral microorganisms , with its MIC values ranging from 2 μg/mL to 256 μg/mL and its MBC values from 2 μg/mL to >256μg/mL.The bactericidal kinetics showed a decreasing survival rate of bacteria with the lengthening of the intervention time .The inhib-itory-zone diameters exhibited no significant indifference between the water solution and the sterile saliva solution .CLSM revealed an increased number of dead bacteria in the pm 11-treated biofilms , while SEM manifested obvious changes in the shape of the bacteria membrane treated with pm11. Conclusion Our findings suggest that pm11 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities on oral mi-croorganisms and a potential value of clinical application .

Adult ; Delirium ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Thiocarbamates ; poisoning

The candidate donor cells for repairing the central nervous system included olfactory ensheathing cells,oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and Schwann cells. Among them,oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are difficult to collect in a large amount; Schwann cells are difficult to traverse glial scar,so olfactory ensheathing cells were the most appropriate groups. Olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro were flexible and of plasticity,thus were capable of adapting to the transplantation microenviroment and benefit for the neural regeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cells could improve the function after injury of spinal dorsal roots,which were probably related to the component of grafts. The proper preparation and mixed olfactory ensheathing cells could contribute to recovery of function. Although the low immunogen of fetal brain,the administration of immunosuppressant would be necessary. In spite of reconstruction of damaged pathway of nervous system,olfactory ensheathing cells were able to promoting sprout of fibers,release neurotransmitters at the non-synaptic sites and improve microenvironment of damaged sites as well,which compensated for the dysfunction in central nervous system injury. Insight into cell biological property and behavior after transplantation would help understand and exert theoretical influence on the repair of spinal cord injury.

Insect viruses are attractive as biological control agents and could be a feasible alternative to chemical insecticides in the management of insect infestations. This review describes recent advances in the development of wild-type and genetically modified viruses as insecticides. A new strategy of application of insect viruses in China is reviewed. Also, the assessment of biosafety of genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedovirus (HearNPV) is emphasized as a case-study.

BACKGROUND:Natural biologic bone-derived products have been prepared by raw ox bone but not by swine vertebra. Previous research has indicated that biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone made by swine vertebra has osteoinductive ability. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone and biphasic ceramic-like biologic bone (BCBB) to repair the segmental defect in radius of rabbits. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at Institute of Orthopedics,the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and Central Laboratory of Qingdao Medical College from October 2004 to October 2005. MATERIALS:Biphasic ceramic biologic bone was made of swine vertebra and sodium pyrophosphate after two calcinations at low temperature. The mixture which consisted of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate,sizing 0.3 cm ? 0.3 cm ? 1.5 cm was combined with type I collagen to make BCBB. Bone morphogenetic protein was mixed with type I collagen,and then the mixture was combined with biphasic ceramic biologic bone to make biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone. METHODS:A total of 48 healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into biologic active bone group,biologic bone group,and blank control group,with 16 rabbits per group. A segmental defect which was 15 mm along bilateral radius was established. Biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone and BCBB were implanted into defect region,respectively,but implantation was not treated in the blank control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Materials were harvested at weeks 2,4,8,12 for the gross observation under microscope. Tissue sections were selected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining. RESULTS:① Gross observation:At 2 weeks,there were no differences between the two groups,and the materials were connected to bone bed with fibrous tissues. At 4 and 8 weeks,there was more new callus in biologic active bone group than in biologic bone group. At 12 weeks,some bionic biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone were absorbed and new bone regenerated in biologic active bone group,being similar to appearance of host bone,but there were few callus in biologic bone group. In blank control group,bone defect could not be repaired and there were fibrous tissue in bone defect. ② Staining results:At 2 weeks after operation,there were no differences between the two groups,and the materials were connected to bone bed with fibrous tissues. At 4 and 8 weeks,more vessels and fibrous tissues grew into BCBB,new bone was formed,and bone connect was found between BCBB and bone bed in the biologic active bone group. At 12 weeks,in the biologic active bone group,more materials degraded,new bone was integrated with bone bed,and bone marrow-like structure was formed. At 12 weeks,the broken ends were sclerosis and blocked in the blank control group. CONCLUSION:Bionic biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone characterizing by good bone induction and biocompatibility can remarkably repair the segmental defect in radius of rabbits. BCBB is perspective for repairing the segmental bone defect.

Objective To analyze correlation between female HIV prevalence and policy resources invested for the prevention of mother-tochild transmission(PMTCT).Methods Local policy documents concerning PMCTC published in different periods of time were collected from 4 HIV endemic counties in China,and their main components were analyzed in terms of their correlation with the recent infection rate in local women in general and single and married women of child bearing age in particular.Results The policy resources invested for PMTCT by the county governments had a logarithmic correlation with the female HIV infection rates.Conclusion With the rise of female HIV infection rates,policy resources invested for PMTCT has been increased,but after a rapid increase,recent female HIV infection has exerted little influence on the investment of policy resources.

Objective To study the protective effect of tadenan on morphologic and enzymatic changes of the detrusor muscle after bladder outlet obsttuction (BOO).Methods 28 white male rabbits were divided into four groups of 7 rabbits in each group.Control group received operation but not forming obstruction model,while the other three groups received operation forming obstruction model.Two weeks after operation,tadenan group received tadenan orall.y at 100mg · kg-1 · d -1 for three weeks;peanut oil group received vehicle only and the obstruction group did not teceive any drugs for three weeks.After three weeks,the bladder detrusor muscles of each group were collected.Morphologic changes were observed under electron microscope.The MDA concentration and the activity of SOD,NOS and Ca2 + -Mg2+ -ATP ase were measured.Results Eletron microscopy showed lots of abnormities in the detrusor muscles in obstruction group.The diltation and degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum were abvious.Dropsy and vecuole denaturalization were found in mitochondria.The mitochondrial crista decreased or disappeared.A plenty of lysosomes were also found in the detrusor muscle cells.The activity of SOD[A group( 86.568 ±4.657),B group(89.218 ±4.430 ),C group ( 33.696 ± 3.010 ),D group ( 32.258 ± 2.001 ) U/ng protein ],NOS [ A ( 12.87 1 ± 1.240 ),R(9.274 ± 1.137),C(2.365 ±0.358 ),D(3.614 ±0.147) U/mg protein) ] and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP ase[ (A(5.231 ±0.329),R( 5.362 ± 0.266),C ( 2.285 ± 0.354 ),D ( 2.654 ± 0.307 ) μmolPi/mg protein ) ],the concentration of MDA[A(8.369 ±0.170 ),B( 10.358 ±0.383 ),C(36.598 ± 3.120),D(42.574 -± 2.009) nmol/mg protein) ].Conclusion Tadenan had the protective effect on ultrastructure of detrusor cell,and it reduce the production of free radical and avoide excessive superoxidation to prevent the process of pathologic changes of the detrusor muscles.

WAE. Conclusion SBE method is better than the other three methods in the extraction of SFD components.

Objective To explore the effects of alcoholic extracts of traditional Chinese medicines on the post-translational processing and trafficking of tyrosinase.Methods Human YUGEN8 amelanotic melanoma cells were grown in vitro;the cells were incubated with one of the seven traditional Chinese medicines,including Rhizoma Chuanxiong and psoralen.Protein analysis with Western blot,enzymolysis with endoglycosidase H (Endo H),and subcellular localization with laser confocal microscopy were per- formed.The expression,maturity and export from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of tyrosinase in the treated cells were compared with those in the untreated controls.Results Compared with controls,an approximate- ly 80-kDa,Endo H-resistant tyrosinase doublet,which represented mature glycoform of tyrosinase,was in- creased in melanocytes treated with Semen Cuscutae,and in those treated with Semen Persicae.Within those cells,tyrosinase was distributed outside ER resident protein calnexin.Conclusion Both Semen Cus- cutae and Semen Persicae could induce tyrosinase maturation,stability and export from ER to distal site.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. METHODS: The randomized controlled trials of new oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, which had been published from the time of library foundation to May, 2015, were collected from Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP database according to the inclusion criterias. At the same time the quality of the trials was evaluated and the results of studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 13.1 software. RESULTS: Eleven randomized controlled trials were included, involving 75 621 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with warfarin, the new oral anticoagulants significantly reduced the incidences of all-cause mortality [RR=0.90, 95% CI(0.85, 0.94), P<0.000 1], stroke and systemic embolism [RR=0.86, 95% CI(0.79, 0.93), P=0.0001], major bleeding [RR=0.79, 95% CI(0.74, 0.84), P<0.00001], and intracranial bleeding [RR=0.43, 95% CI(0.37, 0.51), P<0.000 01]. No differences were found in the incidence of ischemic stroke [RR=1.02, 95% CI (0.93, 1.12), P=0.71] and myocardial infarction [RR=1.02, 95% CI (0.91, 1.16), P=0.70]. Heterogeneity was lower through subgroup analysis, no publication bias was found in funnel plots of most outcomes, and sensitivity analysis indicated the results were reliable. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants are better than warfarin, which may have broad prospects.