The medical humanistic spirit is very important,but it has been seriously neglected.It is the key to educate medical students with accomplishment of medical humanistic spirit.And it is also necessary to renew the concept of courses,making the relation between the courses of medical humanitic spirit and specialized profession.The Medical College of Shantou University has practised effectively.

Objective To analyze correlation between female HIV prevalence and policy resources invested for the prevention of mother-tochild transmission(PMTCT).Methods Local policy documents concerning PMCTC published in different periods of time were collected from 4 HIV endemic counties in China,and their main components were analyzed in terms of their correlation with the recent infection rate in local women in general and single and married women of child bearing age in particular.Results The policy resources invested for PMTCT by the county governments had a logarithmic correlation with the female HIV infection rates.Conclusion With the rise of female HIV infection rates,policy resources invested for PMTCT has been increased,but after a rapid increase,recent female HIV infection has exerted little influence on the investment of policy resources.

Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Complications ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; blood ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Dinoprost ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress

The normal structure of axonal terminals in lamina V of cervical spinal cordof the adult rat was examined with EM.Among 4039 various types of terminals inlamina V,the terminals with clear round synaptic vesicles(R)and the terminalswith clear flat synaptic vesicles(F)constitute about 40% each,the terminals withlarge granular vesicles(LG)about 16% and the central terminals of syntapticglomeruli about 3%.In addition,about 3.2% of the various types of terminalscontain neurofilaments,about 0.9% exhibit low electron dense axoplasm and thevesicles are partly lost or clumping.The synapses of the terminals in lamina V aremainly axodendritic,a small number of them are axoaxonal.There are more F,fewer R and LG in lamina V than those in lamina Ⅱ;thesynapses between the terminals and proximal dendrites,and axosomatic synapses aremore commonly seen in lamina V than in Ⅱ.

Objective To discuss the influencing factors of lead poisoning in children and adolescents in certain region of Yunnan and to provide evidence for effective prevention measures.Methods Venous blood samples of 1379 children and adolescents were collected and lead levels in the blood were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer.Children and adolescents with lead level higher than 100 μg/L were diagnosed with lead poisoning.Results The lead level ranged from 1 μg/L to 450 μg/L,with the average level of 82.87 ± 66.97 μg/L,and 341 children and adolescents were diagnosed with lead poisoning,with the poisoning rate of 24.7％.The differences of lead poisoning rates by gender,age,and place of residence were significant (P＜0.05).Gender,age,and distance between place of residence and mining area were the main influencing factors of the lead poisoning rate.Conclusion The blood lead poisoning rate of children and adolescent are high in this region.Boys,children in preschool age and children living closer to the mining area are susceptible to blood lead poisoning.

Objective To try different concentrations of nicotine promotes the apoptosis of human umbilical vein en-dothelial cells and its mechanism .Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured .According to the concentration of nicotine , grouped as 10 -6 , 10 -7, 10 -8 mol/L, and control.After 24 h of nicotine treat-ment, proliferation/activity were tested by CCK-8 assay;Annexin V-FITC fluorescence staining detects the apoptot-ic cells.Western blot detects the expression of protein Bax , Bcl-2 and PARP-1, to study the mechanism of apopto-sis.Results Compared with control group , in 10 -6 ,10 -7 mol/L groups the proliferation/activity of HUVECs de-creased ( P<0.05 ) .And the number of apoptotic cells increased ( P<0.01 ) .The target proteins expression of 10 -6、10 -7 mol/L groups were changed as follow: Bax increased ( P <0.01 ) , Bcl-2 decreased ( P <0.01 ) and PARP-1 increased ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions Nicotine may promote the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells , which accelerates the development of atherosclerotic disease .

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise load on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of normal lumbar intervertebral discs in magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) . Methods Thirty healthy volunteers (24 males and 6 females, aged 19 to 25 years) underwent examinations with MR T2WI and DTI of the lumbar intervertebral discs before and after exercise load. Pfirrmann grading was evaluated with T2WI, and the B0 map, ADC map and FA map were reconstructed based on the DTI data to investigate the changes in ADC and FA after exercise. Results Of the 30 volunteers (150 intervertebral discs) receiving the examination, 27 with discs of Pfirrminn grade II were included for analysis. In these 27 volunteers, the average ADC and FA before exercise were (1.99 ± 0.18) × 10- 3 mm2/s and 0.155 ± 0.059, respectively. After exercise, ADC was lowered significantly to (1.93 ± 0.17) × 10-3 mm2/s (P<0.05) and FA increased slightly to 0.1623 ± 0.017 (P>0.05). Conclusion DTI allows quantitatively analysis of the changes in water molecular diffusion and anisotropy of the lumbar intervertebral discs after exercise load, which can cause a decreased ADC and a increased FA value, and the change of ADC is more sensitive to exercise load.

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise load on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of normal lumbar intervertebral discs in magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) . Methods Thirty healthy volunteers (24 males and 6 females, aged 19 to 25 years) underwent examinations with MR T2WI and DTI of the lumbar intervertebral discs before and after exercise load. Pfirrmann grading was evaluated with T2WI, and the B0 map, ADC map and FA map were reconstructed based on the DTI data to investigate the changes in ADC and FA after exercise. Results Of the 30 volunteers (150 intervertebral discs) receiving the examination, 27 with discs of Pfirrminn grade II were included for analysis. In these 27 volunteers, the average ADC and FA before exercise were (1.99 ± 0.18) × 10- 3 mm2/s and 0.155 ± 0.059, respectively. After exercise, ADC was lowered significantly to (1.93 ± 0.17) × 10-3 mm2/s (P<0.05) and FA increased slightly to 0.1623 ± 0.017 (P>0.05). Conclusion DTI allows quantitatively analysis of the changes in water molecular diffusion and anisotropy of the lumbar intervertebral discs after exercise load, which can cause a decreased ADC and a increased FA value, and the change of ADC is more sensitive to exercise load.

Objective To investigate the potential clinical factors associated with the prognosis and relapse of adult onset Still's disease(AOSD).Methods The factors possibly influencing the prognosis and relapse of AOSD were analyzed by logistic regression and COX regression in the cohort study.Ninety-six con- secutive inpatients of AOSD diagnosed based on Yamaguchi criteria in the hospital from March 1996 to September 2004 were included in the study.Results Nine cases(9.4%)were lost during the follow-up. Eleven patients(12.6%)were diagnosed as other diseases(5 with other rheumatic diseases,4 with tumor and 2 with infections)in the 87 follow-up cases.In 76 cases,3 patients(3.9%)died and 33 patients(43.4%) got remission over one year after treatment.Splenomegaly(OR=3.14,95%CI=1.01～9.74)and treated with methotrexate(OR=0.22,95%CI=0.07～0.67)were associated with the prognosis from the logistic regression analysis of the 76 cases.The serum ferritin(RR=I.05,95%CI=1.01～1.08)and treated with methotrexate (RR=0.13,95%CI=0.02～0.76)were associated with relapse from the COX regression analysis of the 61 remis- sion cases.Conclusion We need to be very cautious in the follow-up of AOSD patients because some of them may change to other diseases.Methotrexate may be an importent therapy of AOSD not only in improve- ment the prognosis but also in reduction of relapse.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Salvianolate on myosin heavy chain (MHC) in cardiomyocytes of congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.

METHODSSixty male SD rats were divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group (NCG), the model group, the Captopril group (CAG), the low dose Salvianolate group (LSG), the high dose Salvianolate group (HSG), the Captopril and high dose Salvianolate group (CSG), 10 in each group. CHF rat model was established with peritoneal injection of adriamycin in all rats except those in the NCG. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the NCG, once per week for 6 successive weeks. Corresponding medication was started from the 5th week of injecting adriamycin. Rats in the CAG were administered with Captopril solution at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the LSG and the HSG were administered with Salvianolate solution at the daily dose of 24.219 mg/kg and 48.438 mg/kg respectively by gastrogavage. Salvianolate was dissolved in 2 mL 5% glucose solution and administered by peritoneal injection. Rats in the CSG were peritoneally injected with high dose Salvianolate solution and administered with Captopril solution by gastrogavage. Two mL normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group, once per day for 8 successive weeks. Eight weeks later, the cardiac function and myocardial hypertrophy indices were detected by biological signal collecting and processing system. mRNA expression levels of alpha-MHC and beta-MHC in cardiac muscle were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Expressions of protein kinase C (PKC) in cardiac muscle were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, HMI and LVMI decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It was more obviously lowered in the CSG group than in the CAG group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCG, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle decreased, the mRNA expression level of p-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle was increased, and the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle were decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between the CSG group and the CAG group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalvianolate could up-regulate the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC, and down-regulate the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC in cardiac muscle. Its mechanism might be related to decreasing the expression of PKC.

Animals ; Captopril ; Doxorubicin ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley