Objective: Clonidine, by activating peripheral α-adrenoceptors, produces transient pressor response after i. v. injection in anesthetized animals. Moxonidine, with at least 40-fold higher affinity to I1-imidazoline receptors than to α2-adrenoceptors, produces also a transient pressor response. This work was designed to investigate whether I1-imidazoline receptors are involved in this pressor effect of moxonidine. Methods: Female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, aged 14-16 weeks) were anesthetized with urethane. To observe the transient pressor responses, moxonidine 0. 1, 0. 3, 1. 0 mg/kg (intravenous, i. v.), 2.0 μg (intracerebroventricular, i. c. v.) and 1.0, 10.0 mg/kg (intragastric, i. g.) were administrated in different groups of rats. To evaluate the roles of α1-adrenoceptors, α2-adrenoceptors and I1-imidazoline receptors in the transient pressor responses to moxonidine, prazosin (10.0 μg/kg), yohimbine (2.0 mg/kg), phentolamine (0.2 mg/kg), idazoxan (1.0 mg/kg) or yohimbine + idazoxan (2.0 mg/kg + 1.0 mg/kg) were intravenously given to the animals before moxonidine 0.3 mg/kg i. v.). Results: It was found that i. v. moxonidine produced a greater pressor response than clonidine when producing a similar reduction of blood pressure. This effect of moxonidine was not influenced by prazosin, but was partly inhibited by yohimbine, phentolamine or idazoxan, and completely blocked by the combination of yohimbine and idzaxon. Neither i. c. v. injection nor i. g. administration of moxonidine induced transient pressor responses. Conclusion: The transient pressor response of i. v. moxonidine is mediated by both peripheral I1-imidazoline receptors and α2-adrenoceptors.

Objective To observe the effect of amniotic homogenate on closing holes in experimental rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and investigate its mechanism.Methods Forty rabbits were randomly divided into group A,B,C and D with 10 rabbits in each group.Group A and C were the treatment groups,and group B and D were the control groups.All eyes of rabbits underwent pars plana vitrectomy,retinectomy,and fluid-air exchange.The surface of the breaks was treated with 0.1 ml amniotic homogenate in experimental groups and 0.1 ml PBS in control groups.At the end of operation,20% SF6 was tamponaded and the retina reattaced.The animals were executed 14 (group A and B) and 28 days (group C and D) after the surgery.The tissue sections were observed by light microscope,electron microscope and immunocytochemistry method.Results Fourteen days after the surgery,the retina reattached in 6 eyes in group A (60%) and 2 eyes in group B (20%) (P=0.021),Twenty-eight days after the surgery,the retina reattached in 8 eyes in group C (80%) and 3 eyes in group D (30%) (P=0.046).The difference of the rate of retinal reattachment among the 4 groups were statistical significant (P<0.05).Light postoperative inflammation of ocular anterior segment was observed,which was controlled 3-5 days after treated with topical steroids.The result of light microscopy showed that the eyes in treatment groups had multilayer of fibroblast like cells around the retinal breaks,adhering to the choroid and retinal pigment epithelial cells.The proliferative cells around the retinal breaks obvious less in control groups than that in the treatment groups,and the retina could not adhere to the choroid.The results of electron microscopy were the same as that of light microscopy.Immunohistochemistry staining of the fibroblast-like cells revealed positve glial fibrillary acidic protein,which suggested that the proliferative cells around the retinal breaks were retinal glial cells.Conclusions Amniotic homogenate helps to seal retinal breaks and promote retinal reattachment by stimulating the proliferation of retinal glial cells around the breaks.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.Methods From September 2005 to June 2008,26 patients with masses located at pancreatic body/tail were treated in our hospital.Before the operation,25 of the cases were diagnosed with benign tumor and one was suspected as having malignant neoplasm.The median size of the tumors was 5 cm in diameter(range,1.2 to 10 cm).Results All of the operations were completed by laparoscopy.Distal pancreatectomy was performed on 15 patients with the spleen being preserved with(10 cases)or without(5)splenic vessels preservation;and laparoscopic distal splenopancreatectomy was carried out in 10 cases.In one patient who had received open distal splenopancreatectomy before admission,resection of the pancreatic body was made.The median operation time was 268.5 minutes in this series(range,129 to 400 minutes),and the median intraoperative blood loss was 100 ml(range,50 to 800 ml).The patients were discharged in 6 to 21 days postoperation(median,9 days).None of them developed pancreatic fistula or splenic infarction.Two of the patients developed encapsulated fluid and were cured by conservative treatments,one patient showed incisional infection.Follow-up was available in all the patients for 1 to 35 months(median,15.5 months).During the period,no recurrence was detected.Conclusions Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is feasible and safe for benign tumors located at the body or tail of the pancreas.

Objective Analyze the relationship between high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) ,homocysteine (Hcy) ,D‐di‐mer (D‐D) levels and atherosclerosis (AS) .Methods A total of 92 patients with AS were analyzed retrospectively ,including acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group with 61 cases ,stable angina pectoris (SAP) group with 31 cases .According to the result of coro‐nary artery plaque CT detection was further divided into plaque group ,non plaque group ,stable plaque subgroup ,and unstable plaque subgroup .Meanwhile 42 healthy subjects were selected as control group .The levels of the three indicators were compared . Results The serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D concentration in the ACS group and SAP group were significant higher than those of the control group (P< 0 .05) ,and those of the ACS group were significant higher than those of the SAP group(P< 0 .05) . The serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D concentration in the plaque group were significant higher than those of the non plaque group ,those in the unstable plaque subgroup were significant higher than those of the stable plaque subgroup(P< 0 .05) .The serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D concentration of the ACS patients were all correlated positively .Conclusion Serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D levels are closely related to the development of AS ,the combined detection of three indexes is value for the prevention , treatment and prognosis of AS .

Objective To understand current prevalence of fluorosis, of drinking tea type in Pengyang County of Ningxia to offer scientific basis for preventing and curing, monitoring, health education. Methods Four towns were chosen as investigating spots in Pengyang County of Ningxia in 2007, from each 50 children aged 8-12 year old and 50 adults who either had tea or did not were investigated. Dean method was used to measure dental fluorosis of children and adult; meanwhile fluoride content in water, urine and drinking tea was tested using the fluoride ionic electrode method and that in brick tea using water immersion electrode method. χ2 testing, analysis of variance, u test, q test were performed. Results In adult drink tea group, control group, and children, the detaction rate of dental fluorosis were respectively 24.75%(99/400),9.5%(38/400)and 15.96%(71/445), obviously higher in drink tea group than the control group(χ2= 32.73, P<0.05). Urine average concentration of fluoride was (3.38±2.37), (2.09±1.33 ). (1.41±0.67)mg/L, obviously higher in drink tea group than the control group(u= 9.49, P<0.05). In 4 investigation spots tea fluoride averaged at (3.63±2.05)mg/L, fluoride content in drinking water was averagely (1.01±0.49) mg/L, with that of Wangwa Town [(1.31±0.33)mg/L] exceeding the national standard for drinking water (1.0 mg/L), where dental fluorosis rate was higher and fluoride content was higher than that in 3 other investigation spots (P<0.05). Conclusions Residents in Pengyang County in Ningxia who drink brick tea can cause accumulation of fluorine to poison in Ningxia, leading to fluorosis of drinking tea type; Wangwa Town have both drink tea and water fluorine poison.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic values of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enhanced computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in detecting skull base invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and provide the evidence for differentiated diagnosis of the skull base invasion of NPC. Methods: The fifty seven patients were scanned by MRI, enhanced CT, and PET-CT. The three imaging examinations were finished within 20 days. The diagnosis standards were based on histopathologic findings or clinical and imaging follow-up results within 6 months. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the three scanning technologies were compared. Results: For detecting skull base invasion of NPC, the sensitivity of enhanced CT, MRI, and PET-CT were 68.18%, 84.09%, and 97.67%, respectively; the specificity were 76.92%, 69.23%, and 57.14%, respectively; the accuracy were 70.18%, 80.70%, and 87.72%, respectively; PPV were 90.90%, 90.24%, and 87.50%, respectively; NPV were 41.67%, 56.25%, and 88.89%, respectively. PET-CT was better than enhanced CT in sensitivity, accuracy, and NPV (P <0.05). It was also better than MRI in sensitivity and NPV (P <0.05). Conclusion: Among three imaging technologies,PET-CT has obvious advantage in detecting skull base invasion of NPC patients, especially for new patients.

Objective To study the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in different modalities.Methods From September 2005 to October 2012,57 patients with masses located at pancreatic body/tail were treated by laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.According to the operation procedure,patients were divided into four groups:distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy; Spleenpreserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein; spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy and without conservation of the splenic artery and vein and laparoscopic to open distal pancreatectomy.Data of each group for operation time,blood loss and complications were collected and statistically analyzed.Results In 57 patients,5 cases were converted to open distal pancreatectomy.52 cases underwent successful laparoscopic operation (including 1 cases of hand-assisted).22 cases of spleen preserving operation (39％),and 30 cases of splenectomy operation (61％).Among the 4 groups of patients operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative length of stay were not significantly different (all P ＞ 0.05).There was no operative mortality.Two cases suffered from B level postoperative pancreatic leakage,there was no C level pancreatic leakage.Conclusions Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy is safe for the treatment of body and tail tumors of the pancreas.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; complications ; Down Syndrome ; complications ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male