ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke in young patients with vitamin D deficiency.MethodsThe prospective controlled study was used to select the consecutive young patients with acute ischemic stroke.Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤50 nmol/L.The Patients with vitamin D deficiency were randomly divided into an intervention group and a routine treatment group according to the random number table method.Routine treatment group didn't receive the drug intervention for vitamin D deficiency, and the intervention group received daily oral alfacalcidol 0.5 μg.After 1 year of treatment, the 25(OH)D levels were examined again;the adverse reactions during the drug treatment were monitored;the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the functional outcome and 0-2 was defined as good outcome.ResultsThere are 94 patients (53.41%) with vitamin D deficiency among 176 young patients with acute ischemic stroke.They were randomly divided into either an intervention group or a routine treatment group (n=47 in each group).At the end of the follow-up, the good outcome rate (82.98% vs.63.83%;χ2=4.414, P=0.036) and serum 25(OH)D level (85.83±10.53 nmol/L vs.39.10±11.18 nmol/L;t=20.860, P<0.001) in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the routine treatment group.During the follow-up period, there was no loss to follow-up or death events in both groups.Only 2 cases of nausea and 1 case of dizziness were observed, and the incidence of adverse reaction was 6.38% in the intervention group.ConclusionsVitamin D supplement can increase the vitamin D levels and improve functional outcome in young patients with acute ischemic stroke and vitamin D deficiency.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors of outcome in young patients with mild acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Methods Consecutive young patients with mild acute ischemic stroke ( age 18- 45 years ) treated with intravenous thrombolysis were enrol ed retrospectively. According to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at day 90 after onset, they were divided into either a poor outcome group ( mRS ≥2 ) or a good outcome group ( mRS 0- 1 ). The demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictive factors of poor outcome in young patients with mild acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Results A total of 57 young patients with acute mild ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis were enrol ed, including 41 patients (71. 93%) had good outcome and 16 (28. 07%) had poor outcome. There were significant differences in the proportion of the patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (25. 00% vs. 4. 88%; P=0. 046), smoking (56. 25% vs. 19. 51%; P=0. 010 ), atrial fibril ation (31. 25% vs. 7. 32%; P=0. 032 ), diabetes (62. 50% vs. 21. 95%;χ2 =8. 515, P=0. 004), large artery atherosclerotic stroke (68. 75% vs. 21. 95%;χ2 =11. 067, P=0. 001 ), and receiving antiplatelet therapy before symptom onset (6. 25% vs. 34. 15%;P=0. 044) and the age (Z=2. 396, P=0. 020) between the poor outcome group and the good outcome group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age (odds ratio [OR] 2. 64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1. 28-5. 36;P=0. 038), history of previous stroke or TIA (OR 2. 25, 95% CI 1. 22-4. 31;P=0. 042), atrial fibril ation (OR 5. 12, 95% CI 1. 58-19. 23; P=0. 032), and large artery atherosclerotic stroke (OR 5. 89, 95% CI 1. 78-19. 92; P=0. 002) were the independent risk factors for poor outcome after mild acute ischemic stroke thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions Age, history of stroke or TIA, atrial fibril ation, and large artery atherosclerotic stroke were the predictive factors of poor outcome at day 90 in young patients with mild acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the suspended overlength biliary stents modified from nasobiliary tube for prevention of duodenobiliary reflux. Methods Suspended overlength biliary stents were placed in the intrahepatic bile duct of 18 patients with extrahepatic bile duct stricture who underwent biliary stents implantation once or more via ERCP from February 2014 to May 2016.Data of these patients were followed up to June 30, 2017 with self-control method. The patency time of suspended overlength biliary stents was compared with the ordinary biliary stents which were implanted in the last ERCP. Incidence of complications was recorded.Results Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study, but one patient lost follow-up. Finally 17 patients were enrolled in the analysis. Nine patients were malignant and 8 benign biliary stricture. The median patency time of suspended overlength biliary stents was 210 days, which was much longer than that of ordinary stents with median patency time of 139 days(P＝0. 015). The median patency time of overlength biliary stents and metal stents in 3 patients with malignant stricture were 278 days and 205 days (P＝1. 000). The median patency time of overlength biliary stents and traditional plastic stents in 6 patients with malignant stricture were 156 days and 65 days, respectively(P＝0. 049). The median patency time of this innovative stents was prolonged in benign biliary stricture patients (254 days VS 143 days, P＝0. 025). Only one patient developed mild pancreatitis after ERCP. Conclusion Suspended overlength biliary stents can prolong the patency time without increasing postoperative complications, which is worth popularization.

Seventy two iscbemic stroke patients aged 18-45 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College from April 2014 to August 2016 were assigned to warfarin group (n =36) and dabigatran group (n =36).In warfarin group the oral warfarin started from small dose and maintained international normalized ratio (INR) as 2.0 to 3.0.In dabigatran group 110 mg dabigatran etexilate was given b.i.d.All patients were followed up for one year after treatment.Medication was discontinued in 10 cases (28％) of warfarin group and 2 cases (6％) of dabigatran group one year after treatment (P =0.02).There were 8 (22％) cases of thromboembolic events in warfarin group and 1 (3％) case in dabigatran group (P =0.03).In warfarin group 233 INR values were recorded with an average of 2.32,and the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) was 75％ (174/ 233).There were 2 deaths in warfarin group and no death in dabiga group.There were 19 (53％) cases of adverse reactions in warfarin group,including 9 cases of bleeding (6 mild bleeding and 3 serious bleeding),5 cases of nausea and vomiting,2 cases constipation or diarrhea,3 cases of headache and dizziness.There were 6 (17％) cases of adverse reactions in dabigatran group,including 2 cases of mild bleeding,2 cases of nausea and vomiting,2 cases of constipation or diarrhea.There was significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(x2 =13.3,P ＜ 0.01).The results indicate that the efficacy and safety of dabigatran is superior to that of warfarin for young ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke (MIS) and high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods:Consecutive patients with acute MIS or high-risk TIA admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between May 2018 and June 2020 were enrolled prospectively. MIS was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤3, high-risk TIA was defined as ABCD 2 score ≥4, and END was defined as the highest score of NIHSS within 72 h after admission increased by ≥1 compared with the baseline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between MetS or its component and END. Results:A total of 145 patients with acute MIS or high-risk TIA were enrolled, including 66 males (45.5%), aged 68.28±9.71 years. Fifty-two patients (35.9%) met the diagnostic criteria of MetS, and 46 (31.7%) developed END. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, sex, atrial fibrillation, elevated blood glucose, MetS, fasting blood glucose and C-reactive protein between the END group and the non-END group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MetS (odds ratio 2.637, 95% confidence interval 1.127-6.169) and high blood glucose (odds ratio 2.672, 95% confidence interval 1.052-6.789) were the independent risk factors for END within 72 h of admission in patients with acute MIS or high-risk TIA. Conclusion:MetS is significantly associated with END in patients with acute MIS or high-risk TIA.

Objective To investigate the microbiology,risk factors,and impact on outcomes of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in young patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods Young patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled prospectively.Their microbiological data and risk factors for SAP were identified.The outcomes at 90 d after onset were evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores,and mRS ＞ 2 was defined as poor outcome.The demography and baseline clinical characteristics were compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the effect of SAP on the outcomes.Results A total of 418 young patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled,including 108 (25.84％) in the SAP group and 310 (74.16％) in the non-SAP group;16 were lost to follow-up,146 (36.32％) were in the poor outcome group and 256 (63.68％) were in the good outcome group.The results of pathogen test showed that the positive rate was 52.78％ and 19.30％ was mixed infection.The main pathogens were community-acquired pathogens (such as Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae),followed by multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter Baumanii,and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (odds ratio [OR] 4.328,95％ confidence interval [CI]2.847-6.442;P =0.014),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 3.927,95％ CI 2.419-5.253;P=0.017),dysphagia (OR 6.782,95％ CI 4.378-9.553;P=0.003),tracheal intubation or mechanical ventilation (OR 7.632,95％ CI 5.394-12.376;P=0.001),procalcitonin (OR 2.980,95％ CI 2.234-4.118;P =0.027),antibiotics (OR 6.321,95％ CI 4.362-8.376;P =0.007) were the independent risk factors for SAP,and age ＜ 35 years old was an independent protective factor of SAP (OR 0.582,95％ CI 0.329-0.719;P =0.028);history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (OR 3.854,95％ CI 2.645-5.023;P=0.014),tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (OR 3.501,95％ CI 2.329-4.614;P =0.016),large artery atherosclerosis (OR 5.274,95％ CI 3.342-7.246;P =0.006),baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR 2.248,95％ CI 1.482-2.821;P=0.031),onset to admission time (OR 1.245,95％ CI 1.184-1.698;P=0.048),SAP (OR 3.347,95％ CI 2.275-4.338;P =0.018) were the independent risk factors for poor outcomes,and age ＜35 years old (OR 0.340,95％ CI 0.147-0.420;P =0.042) and thrombolytic therapy (OR 0.582,95％ CI 0.329-0.719;P =0.028) were the independent protective factors of good outcomes.Conclusion SAP was more common in young patients with acute ischemic stroke,and had its own characteristics in microbiological data and risk factors.SAP was closely associated with poor outcomes.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled prospectively. The clinical data, imaging data, and laboratory data were collected. END was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score increased ≥2 within 7 d compared with the baseline. Susceptibility-weighted imaging was used to detecte CMBs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent correlation between CMBs and END. Results A total of 246 patients with acute acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. The incidence of END was 38. 21％ (94/246), 72. 34％ (68/94) occurred within 72 h and 21. 28％ (20/94) occurred from 72 h to 7 d. The detection rate of CMBs in the END group was 72. 34％ (68/94) and that of CMBs in the non-END group was 43. 42％ (66/152). There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 19. 587, P < 0. 001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (odds ratio [ OR ] 1. 883, 95％ confidence interval [ CI ] 1. 284- 2. 277; P = 0. 033 ), large artery atherosclerosis (OR 4. 119, 95％ CI 2. 564-5. 771; P = 0. 003), baseline NIHSS score (OR 1. 682, 95％ CI 1. 320-1. 876; P = 0. 042), severe stroke (OR 4. 228, 95％ CI 2. 634-5. 917; P = 0. 003), onset to admission time (OR 2. 070, 95％ CI 1. 454-2. 582; P = 0. 029), and number of CMB ≥10 (OR 2. 728, 95％ CI 1. 834- 3. 217; P = 0. 016) were the independent risk factors for END. Conclusions END is common in patients with acute ischemic stroke, most of them occurred within 72 h. It is closely associated with the number of CMB, but it is not associated with the location of CMB lesions.

Objective To detect the content of intestinal Escherichia coli(E.coli)in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and to analyze the relationship between the bacteria and short-term prognosis of patients with cerebral stroke.Methods A total of 75 elderly AIS patients admitted to our department from March to December 2022 were enrolled,and divided into good prognosis group(47 cases)and poor prognosis group(28 cases)according to the results of modified Rankin scale 3 months after discharge.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of the patients,and ROC curve analysis was employed to analyze the predictive value of the intestinal bacterial content for the short-term prognosis of stroke pa-tients.Results The NIHSS score at admission and E.coli content were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than the good prognosis group(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS score at admission(OR=1.302,95％CI:1.077-1.573,P=0.006)and E.coli content(OR=2.803,95％CI:1.454-5.404,P=0.002)were independent risk factors for short-term poor prognosis in the AIS patients.ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC value was 0.758 for E.coli content,0.718 for NIHSS score,and 0.818 when the 2 indicators combined together.Conclusion Intestinal E.coli content and NIHSS score may be related to the poor prog-nosis of elderly AIS patients.The higher the content of E.coli is,the worse the recovery of neuro-logical function,which affects the short-term prognosis of the patients.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Methods In prospective study, patients with acute ischemic stroke, admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to December 2017, were divided into CMBs group and non CMBs group. The clinical data of demographics, vascular risk factors, imaging examination, laboratory examination and treatment were collected. Follow up was performed till 6 months of onset, the patients were divided into poor outcome group (modified Rankin scale [mRS] scores>2) and good outcome group (mRS scores 0-2). Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors of poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients with CMBs. Results (1) A total of 274 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study, including 148 patients (54.01％) of CMBs group and 126 patients (45.99％) of non CMBs group. At the 6 months of follow up, 241 patients finished follow up, and there were 131 patients (54.36％) from CMBs group, 62 patients (47.33％) with poor outcome and 69 patients (52.67％) with good outcome;there were 110 patients (45.64％) from non CMBs group, 38 patients (34.55％) with poor outcome and 72 patients (65.45％) with good outcome; the difference of poor outcome rate in the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Univariate analysis showed that the differences of age distribution, percentage of having history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, stroke onset time, TOAST etiology type, stroke severity, number of stroke lesions, treatment methods, hemorrhagic transformation, number of CMBs lesions for grading in CMBs patients from poor and good outcome subgroups had statistical significance (P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that large atherosclerotic (odds ratio [OR]=2.239, 95％ confidence interval [CI]: 1.432-2.947, P=0.044), moderate and severe stroke (OR=3.887, 95％CI: 2.403-4.643, P=0.021), severe CMBs (OR=4.491, 95％CI:2.879-6.802, P=0.017), hemorrhagic transformation (OR=2.411, 95％CI: 1.347-3.232, P=0.040) were independent risk factors for poor outcome, and intravenous thrombolysis (OR=0.676, 95％ CI:0.324-0.865, P=0.039) was independent protective factor for good outcome. Conclusions CMBs is prevalent and poor outcome is more common in acute ischemic stroke patients with CMBs. Early evaluating the number of CMBs lesions has important reference value in predicting the occurrence of poor outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke having negative results in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).Methods In prospective study, the patients with acute ischemic stroke, admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to January 2018, were selected as research subjects. The demographic and baseline characteristics, imaging data and laboratory examination data were collected. According to the signals of first DWI, the patients were divided into positive DWI group and negative DWI group. The influencing factors of negative results in DWI were clearly defined by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. The patients from negative DWI group were rechecked for DWI one week after first DWI. All patients were followed up for 90 d, and the outcomes were evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results A total of 312 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled finally. The negative rate of DWI was 12.82％ (40/312). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mild stroke (odds ratio [OR]= 2.533, 95％ confidence interval[CI]: 1.436-3.984,P=0.038), lacunar infarction (OR=4.668, 95％CI: 2.203-6.543,P=0. 005), arteriole occlusion (OR=4.236, 95％CI: 2.448-6.348,P=0.009), brainstem lesion (OR=1.629, 95％CI: 1.035-2.693,P=0.049) and time of onset within hyper-acute period (OR=4.074, 95％CI: 2.683-6.576, P=0.013) were influencing factors for negative results in DWI. The negative rate of DWI in the negative DWI group was reduced to 7.05％ (22/312) one week after first DWI. Totally, 302 patients finished the 90 d of follow up; 40 patients were into the negative DWI group, with poor outcome rate of 27.50％ (11/40); 262 patients were into the positive DWI group, with poor outcome rate of 30.15％ (79/262); the difference of poor outcome rates between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion s The negative results in DWI in patients with acute ischemic stroke are closely related to severity of stroke, TOAST etiological types, locations of the lesions, sizes of the lesions and time of onset. Review of DWI can reduce negative rate of DWI. The outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke having negative results in DWI are not better than those with positive results in DWI. The patients with acute ischemic stroke having negative results in DWI and having onset within hyper-acute period should not be excluded from intravenous thrombolytic treatment.