Traditional Chinese Medical Culture is rich in content,which contains the humanitarian spirit of respect for life,life-saving,caring and saving,the idea of pursuing equality,fairness,justice,happiness and harmony,and the ecological medical values of promoting harmony between man and nature.The above values provide rich cultural resources for the construction of universal values,and significant ideological platform for the construction of global ethics.

ObjectiveTo evaluate mammaglobin (hMAM) mRNA expression as a tumor marker for micrometastatic carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer (BC). MethodsTotal RNA extracted from a breast carcinoma cell line SKBR3 was subjected to analysis of hMAM mRNA expression by RT-PCR. The sensitivity of FQ-PCR to detect a SKBR3 cell at a level of 10 7 was established. Peripheral blood of 63 BC patients was examined by this method. ResultsBlood samples were positive in 19 out of 63 (30%) patients with breast carcinomas. None of the patients with other cancer (25 cases) or benign breast disease (13 cases) was positive and only 1 out of 31 healthy volunteers was found with detectable hMAM mRNA expression in the peripheral blood. ConclusionFluorescence quantitative (FQ) PCR combined with nest PCR was a sensitive method in detecting micrometastases of breast cancer.

Objective To summarize the current status and development of therapy for anal canal cancer. Methods Application of Medline database and CHKD database, with "anal canal cancer", "chemotherapy", "radiotherapy", "abdominoperineal resection" as key words search literature about anal canal cancer published from January 1996 to June 2009. Retrieval criteria: the epidemiology of anal canal cancer; the etiology of anal canal cancer; the clinical manifestation and classification of anal canal cancer; strategies and development of therapy for anal canal cancer. Sixty-seven of them met the retrieval criteria, while finally 22 related papers were analyzed. Results Over the last 30 years, treatment of anal canal cancer has undergone a profound evolution. Combined-modality treatment combined with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), including three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), novel anti-tumor agent and salvage surgery, had resulted in a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80 %. Conclusion Anal canal cancer is a rare tumor. CRT has replaced surgery as the first choice of anal canal cancer. The development of molecular biology will likely lead to further proposals for trials of anal canal cancer.

Metabolic abnormality is correlated with the incidence of colorectal cancer.Metabolic syndrome is consisting of abdominal obesity,dyslipidemia,high blood pressure,sugar metabolic abnormality,and all of these factors are associated with colorectal cancer.Abdominal obesity and sugar metabolic abnormality may be the primary factors causing rectal cancer.Visceral fat is physiologically more active than subcutaneous fat.Visceral fat can produce and secret hormones and cytokines,which are involved in inflammation and metabolism,therefore the amount of visceral fat may directly or indirectly related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer.Obesity acts as a risk factor for colorectal cancer by several mechanisms,including high blood insulin,insulin-like growth factor,and the change of the adipose cytokines concentrations.Metabolic biomarkers may not only provide clues of colorectal carcinogenesis from the point of view of etiology,but also can help to explore new obesity phenotypes that is relevant to incidence risk of colorectal cancer.

Objective: To analyze the circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial precursors (CEPs) in peripheral blood of tumor patients. Methods: CECs and CEPs were enumerated in 57 tumor patients and 15 healthy controls by 3-color flow cytometry. The serum level of angiogenesis related cytokines(VEGF, bFGF)was determined by ELISA method. Results: In tumor patients, mean value of CECs and CEPs was (0.378?0.047)% and (0.059?0.013)% respectively. The serum level of VEGF and bFGF were (295.58?59.56) ng/L and (28.73?7.40) ng/L. The amount of CECs/CEPs positively correlated with the serum level of VEGF and bFGF. Conclusions: The CECs/CEPs and serum level of VEGF and bFGF of tumor patients was higher than those of normal controls. VEGF and bFGF may participate into the course of endothelial progenitors mobilization.

Objective:Analyze the influence of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization on circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial precursors (CEPs).Methods:CECs and CEPs were enumerated in 68 tumor patients and 15 healthy controls by 3-color flow cytometry. 11 cases underwent PBSC (peripheral blood stem cell) mobilization by combination chemotherapy and G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor).Results:CECs and CEPs in tumor patients were 0.378%?0.103% and 0.059%?0.013% respectively,which were higher than that of normal controls.CECs/CEPs in peripheral blood (PB) were increased after G-CSF mobilization.Conclusion:Hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors can be mobilized into the PB by treatment with growth factor G-CSF.

Objective:To observe ability of DC vaccine transfected with tumor cell total RNA to induce specific antitumor immunity in lung cancer patients in vitro.Methods:DCs were generated from lung cancer patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC).Total RNA was isolated from lung cancer tumor cell line Calu-6 by Trizol.Autologous DCs transfected with Calu-6 total RNA by liposome were used to induce specific CTL proliferation.Specific cytotoxicity and IFN-? secretion were measured by LDH assay and ELISA method.Results:Transfected DCs exhibited dramatically increased expression of specific membrane markers and function-associated molecules,and were more potent in stimulating allogenous or autologous T cell proliferation than that of control DCs.Specific CTLs induced by transfected DCs showed higher cytotoxicity than LAK against Calu-6 antigens positive target cells.When sensitized lymphocytes were restimulated by transfected DCs again,IFN-? secretion enhanced significantly.Conclusion:Lung cancer patient's autologous DCs transfected with tumor total RNA are effective vaccines in stimulating specific antitumor T-cell immunity in vitro.

Objective:For developing the study of MUC1/Y vaccine,constructed th eukaryotic expression vectors expressing MUC1/Y.Used it to modify the DC inducint CTL in order to treat the gastrointestinal cancers.Methods:Obtained the MCU1/Y cDNA full length cloned it into pIRES2 EGFP that expressing green fluorescence protein and pcDAN3 1+ respectively.Selected 8 cases of gastrointestinal cancer whose HLA phenotype was A2,inducing DC using rhIL 4 combined with GM CSF in vitro.Transfected DC with pcDAN3.1 MUC1/Y then co cultured DC with T cell to induce CTL (named as T pcDAN3 1 MUC1/Y).At the same time,used pIRES2 EGFP MUC1/Y to detect transfection efficiency.SW620 (HLA A2+,MUC1/Y+),the gastric cancer cell line was used as specific target cell;Lovo(HLA A2 ,MUC1/Y+)and Raji(HLA A2 ,MUC1/Y )were used as unspecific target cells.The cytolytic of specific CTL was measured by LDH releasing assay.The apoptosis of target cells were detected by ANNEXIN V FITC kit.The ability of IFN ? releasing of T cells was measured by ELISA.Results:The transfection efficiency of plasmid was about 8%.There was significant difference between the cytolytic activity of T pcDNA3 1 MUC1/Y to SW620,Lovo and Raji.The cytolytic activity was about (42 8?6 15),(27 26?1 96)% and (22 73?2 15)% respectively.Compared with T IL 2)CTL induced by PBMC stimulated of IL 2(100 U/ml)) and T pcDNA3 1(CTL induced by DC transfected by pcDNA3 1+),the cytolytic activity of T pcDNA3 1 MUC1/Y against SW620 cell line showed a significant increase.The results of ANNEXIN V-FITC experimences showed that T pcDNA3 1 MUC1/Y could induce apoptosis of specific target cell.Conclusion:The expressing of MUC1/Y mRNA has important sense in gastrointestinal cancer.Constructed eukaryotic vector pIRES2 EGFP MUC1/Y that contains full length MUC1/Y cDNA could be used to study the transfection efficiency and select the positive clone;pcDAN3 1 MYC1/Y could induce powerful CTL immunoresponse.

Chinchilla has been successfully used as an animal model in the study of auditory system, microorgan-ism and parasitic infection, because of its unique biological features, and it can be further developed for the research of se-nile diseases, metabolic diseases, etc.This paper will introduce the related biological characteristics of chinchilla, and briefly reviewed the progress of its application in medical research.

BACKGROUND: The mostly accepted standpoints regarding adult stem cell plasticity are that adult stem cells existing in various organs contain primitive pluripotent stem cells. However, the origin, identification methods and biological characteristics of pluripotent stem cells remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if a kind of pluripotent stem cells with more primitive character can be isolated from adult tissues. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vitro cytology observation was performed at the Center of Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical Department of Peking Union Medical College from March 2007 to January 2008. MATERIALS: Pregnant BALB/C rats on gestation day of 12.5-14.5 d were adopt in the study. METHODS: The fetal perisome samples were attained from pregnant BALB/C rats under sterile conditions, and made into cell suspension by trypsin digestion method. Immunomagnetic beads were used to sort Sca-1+CD117-Lin-cells. When 70%-80% cells were mixed, the cells were subcultured, and the 5 passage cells were taken in the experiment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Microstructure, ultrastructure, growth characteristics, immunophenotype and embryonic stem cell associated antigen were analyzed by inverted phase contrast microscope, scanning electron microscope, flow cytometry and RT-PCR respectively. Histochemical and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate the potentiality of the Sca-1+CD117-Lin-cells differentiated into trilaminar germ disc. RESULTS: Sca-1+CD117-Lin-cells adhering to the wall with spindle or short fusiform shapes, which could amplification fast and stablely to 50 passages. Cells were found logarithmic growth on days 3-7, after that cell growth reached platform stage. There were about 32 h for doubling time, 90.43% cells were at the G0/G1 phase, and 9.57% at the G2/M+S phase. The cells expressed high levels of Sca-1, no levels of CD117, CD14, CD19, CD31, CD34, CD45 and Flk-1, and moderate levels of CD44. The phenotype of human BMSCs was stabilization. Embryonic stem cell associated antigen Sox2, Oct-4 or Nanog were showed positive expression. RT-PCR indicated that the cells were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocyte, hepatocyte-like cells and neuroglia cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: The Sca-1+CD117-Lin-cells isolated from adult tissue are primitive multiple potential adult stem cells, which can differentiate into trilaminar germ disc.