Objective To discuss the effect of collaborative care model ( CCM) on the self-care ability and treatment compliance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with initial treatment .Methods A total of 210 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with initial treatment were selected and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by using random number table , with 105 patients in each group .The patients in the observation group received CCM , and the patients in the control group received usual care .After being intervened for nine months , the intervention effect was compared by using exercise of self-care agency scale ( ESCA ) and self-designed questionnaire on treatment compliance of patients between the two groups . Results After the intervention, the ESCA total score in the observation group was (108.84 ±11.34), which was higher than that of ( 101 .78 ±10 .45 ) in the control group , with statistically significant difference ( t=4.687, P <0.05 ).The number of patients with regular medication , periodical examination of sputum , periodical examination of chest radiograph , and periodical examination of hepatic function was 99,101,102 and 97 in the observation group, respectively, and 86,80,83 and 82 in the control group, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =7.67,12.04,16.39,8.52, respectively; P<0.05).The cure rate was 93.33%(98/105) in the observation group, and 82.86% (87/105) in the control group, with statistically significant difference (χ2 =5.49, P<0.05).Conclusions The application of CCM can improve the self-care ability and treatment compliance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with initial treatment .