Objective To determine Oligl transcription factor expression in periventricular tissue of day 2 newborn rat of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and to explore the relation with remyelination.Methods PVL newborn rat model was successfully established through bilateral common carotid artery ligation,followed by 8% oxygen exposure for 30 min. On day 0,day 7 and day 14 after operation,Oligl expression was examined through in situ hybridization, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes were detected via immunohistochemistry method and mRNA levels of MBP, PLP, MAG in control and PVL group were examined with quantitative real-time PCR. Results Oligl positive cells of control group were 115 ± 15/mm2. On day 0 and day 7 after operation,oligl positive cells were 72 ± 20/mm2and 75 ± 12/mm2 ,and there was significant difference as compared with control group (P both ＜ 0. 05), however the oligl positive cells on day 14 after operation(146 ± 1 1/mm2) significantly increased with comparison to control group (P ＜0. 05). Compared to control group, GST-Ⅱ positive oligodendrocytes and O4 positive oligodendroglial progenitor cells of PVL group were significantly decreased on day 0, day 7 after operation (P both ＜ 0. 05), and these cells both increased on day 14 after operation ,however there was no difference as compared with control group (P ＞ 0. 05). Compared to control group, mRNA levels of MBP, PLP, MAG all significantly decreased on day 0,day 7 after operation(P all ＜ 0. 05), and these levels slightly increased on day 14 after operation (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion Oligl transcription factor may be essential in the remyelination and repair of myelin in PVL.

Purpose To explore the correlation between normal pancreas and abdominal aorta in the peak enhancement (PE) and the shift time at the peak by applying the multislices spiral CT perfusion imaging.Materials and Methods Prospectively analyzed 62 patients who received enhancement CT examination for the superior or the middle abdomen,underwent optimum level CT perfusion imaging after plain scanning.These data were processed on a Vitreal 2.0 worker-station by using Toshiba body software package.The time-density curves (TDC) of the normal pancreas and the abdominal aorta were drawn,the PE and the shift time of PE were recorded and their correlation was analyzed.Results Compared with abdominal aorta,the mean value of PE of the normal pancreas was lower,and the difference was statistically significant [(111.94± 14.42)HU vs (351.83 ± 74.93)HU,P＜0.05],the mean difference was (246.10± 65.86)HU.Compared with abdominal aorta,the mean shift times of PE of the normal pancreas was latter,and the difference was statistically significant [(37.56±6.90) s vs (30.82±6.73) s,P＜0.05],the mean difference was (6.54±2.97)s.The PE and shift time of PE of the normal pancreas were positively and linearly correlated with that of abdominal aorta (r=0.438,r=0.379).Conclusion The PE of the normal pancreas is not synchronous with that of the abdominal aorta.The shift time of the former is usually 6～8 seconds slower than that of the latter.This provides a basis to find the PE of the normal pancreas in enhanced scan.

Objective:To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of fetal tethered cord (TC) prenatally diagnosed by MRI.Methods:Clinical data of 38 fetuses diagnosed as having TC by MRI, including 36 singletons and two fetuses who were both one of dichorionic diamniotic twins, were retrospectively collected and analyzed in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2015 to August 2019. According to whether conus medullaris was located above the bladder or reached the lower edge of the bladder, all cases were divided into high or low groups. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups using Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test. Results:(1) The gestational age at MRI was (25.5±4.7) weeks. Among the 38 cases, 14 (36.8%) were isolated TC, 24 (63.2%) were complicated by other anomalies. The meningocele was responsible for the most (39.5%, n=15). The results of the ultrasound were consistent with those of MRI in 24 cases (63.2%). While in the other 14 cases (36.8%), the ultrasound only showed vertebral body's abnormal morphology, after which further MRI examination revealed a tethered cord. (2) Twenty-nine women (76.3%) chose to terminate the pregnancy. One patient (2.6%) underwent fetal reduction at 23 gestational weeks (one normal twin was delivered prematurely), and one (2.6%) was lost to follow-up. Seven (18.4%) cases continued the pregnancies to delivery. The postnatal follow-up period was 8.1 months (4.0 to 54.9 months). Two infants without comorbidities showed normal growth and development. Another three cases underwent surgeries after birth, and two cases died in the neonatal period. (3) The average width of the medullary cone was (2.5±0.8) cm. There was no significant difference in the spinal cord width between the high [(2.5±0.8) cm, n=34] and low group [(2.7±1.1) cm, n=4]. Six pregnancies (17.6%) in the high group was continued to delivery, and one of the neonates died of severe hydrocephalus. One patient in the low group (1/4) was delivered, while the baby died of neonatal asphyxia. Conclusions:Fetuses with isolated TC are prone to have a good prognosis. Further study should focus on the relation between the high or low position of the conus medullaris and pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To explore the expressions and significance of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) .Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was applied to detected the expression of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal tissues of 60 patients in UC group and 20 healthy adults in the control group ,and analyzed the relationship of the expres‐sions between Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 .It was regarded as positive cell when obvious dark brown granules appeared in cytoplasm or cyteblast .Semi‐quantitative analysis was used basing on the staining intensity and the amount of the staining intensity and positive cells .Results Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 proteins expressed in cytoplasm .Galectin‐3 showed strong expression in normal colorectal epi‐thelium but weak in UC inflammatory tissues ,and it was associated with different lesion degrees under endoscopy .The expressions of Bcl‐2 were weak in normal colorectal epithelium ,and it enhanced significantly in UC inflammatory tissues ,especially in inflamma‐tory cells of laminae propria ,and it was not associated with different lesion degrees under endoscopy .The expression of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 was not associated with the age ,sex of patients and the course of UC .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the posi‐tive expressions of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 had no relevance .Conclusion Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 involved in the pathogenesis of UC . They may be able to used as markers of early diagnosis and prognosis in UC and may play the role in the pathogenesis of UC inde‐pendently .

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional ultrasound VOCAL technique in evaluating gastric emptying function in children with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: Seventy-one children with FD who were treated in Wenzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to June 2018 were enrolled as the study subjects (observation group), and 71 normal children without FD were selected as controls (control group). The gastric emptying, antral pyloric systolic contraction frequency and distal gastric contraction movement in different time groups were analyzed, and GET1/2 and 2h gastric residual situation before and after treatment in the observation group were compared. Results: The GET1/2 of the observation group was (60.2±12.69)min, and the gastric emptying rate of the observation group was (61.9±12.2)min and (72.0±12.3)min at 90min and 120min, which were significantly better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=19.092, 15.092, 14.882, P=0.016, 0.024, 0.033). The frequency of antral pyloric systolic contraction, gastric antrum contraction frequency and gastric antrum contraction amplitude were (1.1±0.7)times/min, (2.9±0.8)times/min, (1.0±0.6)cm, respectively.Compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t=16.092, 21.224, 8.092, all P<0.05). In the observation group of 71 children: GET1/2 before treatment and after treatment were (68.1±11.8)min, (54.2±9.8)min, respectively.The gastric residual at 2h after treatment was (31.2±8.0)%, (22.1±7.0)%, respectively.The GET1/2 and 2h gastric residual rate of the children were significantly lower than before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (t=18.983, 21.004, all P<0.05). Conclusion Three-dimensional ultrasound VOCAL technology can be used as an evaluation standard for FD in children.

Objective To establish a neural network model based on enhanced CT for distinguishing ISUP grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods We collected 131 cases of ccRCC, with 92 cases of low ISUP grade and 39 cases of high ISUP grade. Patients were divided into training set and validation set according to 5:5 stratified sampling. The enhanced CT images of each ccRCC patient were evaluated by the radiologist. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to reduce the dimension of patients' general features and enhanced CT features, which was used for neural network modeling and validation. Results Patients' general features and enhanced CT features were verified by RFE method and then reduced to 14 features. The top 5 features were growth pattern, necrosis, enlargement of lymph nodes, tumor size and capsule. The AUC of the neural network model based on these 5 features in training set was 0.8844 (95%CI: 0.8062-0.9626), sensitivity was 89.47% and specificity was 82.61%; and those in validation set were 0.7924 (95%CI: 0.6567-0.9280), 75.00% and 86.96%, respectively. Conclusion The neural network model of ccRCC ISUP grade based on enhanced CT has relatively high diagnostic efficiency.

Objective:To investigate the prenatal MRI diagnosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and the pregnancy outcomes.Methods:This retrospective study included 49 cases of fetal ICH diagnosed by MRI in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from July 2011 to November 2019. Two experts with more than five years of experience in obstetric radiology determined the location, number, area, stage and grade of the hemorrhage based on the MRI findings. Maternal age, gestational age at MRI, and the site, number, stage and grade of hemorrhage as well as other intracranial and extracranial abnormalities of the fetuses were compared between women with fetal germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH; GM-IVH group, n=39) and those without (non-GM-IVH group, n=10). MRI and ultrasound examination results of 37 cases who had MRI within three days after the ultrasound examination were compared. Postnatal and follow-up outcomes were summarized. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Results:There was no significant difference in the maternal age, gestational age at MRI, or the site, number or stage of hemorrhage between the GM-IVH group and non-GM-IVH group (all P>0.05). The incidence of ventriculomegaly was higher in the GM-IVH group than that in the non-GM-IVH group [87% (34/39) vs 0/10, t=24.522, P<0.001]. There were 51% (19/37) of the lesions that were missed by ultrasound found by MRI, including GM-IVH in 17 cases, right cerebellar hemisphere hemorrhage in one case and corpus callosum hemorrhage in one case. Among the 49 cases, seven were lost to follow-up, 29 terminated the pregnancy (six in non-GM-IVH group and 23 in GM-IVH group), two experienced intrauterine fetal death in late pregnancy and 11 gave live birth. Ten live births had GM-IVH, among them a relatively good prognosis was noted in fetuses with grade Ⅰ (two cases), grade Ⅱ (four cases), and grade Ⅲ (three cases) GM-IVH, while one case with grade Ⅳ GM-IVH had mental retardation at eight years old; one non-GM-IVH infant had hearing loss at birth and a cochlear was implanted with no other anomalies reported during a three-year follow-up. Conclusions:MRI can provide a more direct view of the location and grade of fetal ICH and is more accurate than prenatal ultrasound in diagnosing fetal ICH, which is a beneficial supplement to ultrasound. The prognosis of cases with grade Ⅳ GM-IVH is not good.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in shapes and properties and the microscopic frameworks of the wild and cultivated Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae from different regions.

METHODThe differences in the shapes and properties, the characters of transverse sections, the powder and disintegrated tissue of roots were compared using microscopic measurement and statistics analysis.

RESULTThe wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae had several long cylinder roots with rough flaky squama skin and brown red or wine culour, the cultivated had root of many branch with cling skin and brick-red or chestnut culour. The difference of microscopic histological structure was that the xylem vessel of wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae had bunched vessel with the rank form of big diameter alternating with small diameter, and had stone cell on samples from some producing region, the xylem vessel of the cultivated had no bunched vessel and no stone cell with the rank form of tangential radial. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae cultivated in Sichuan Province is called original-region medicinal materials and named Chuandanshen. Chuandanshen had the differences with the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix cultivated in other region. The root of Chuandanshen had 1.2 cm diameter, and was bulky and fat with solid fabric and the fracture with brownish yellow color and cutin-alikeness, its xylem vessel of transverse section of root was thin with the rank form of tangential radial, and 19-24 vascular bundle and a few wood fiber.

CONCLUSIONSalviae Miltiorrhizae Radix of the wild and the cultivated, of the original-region (Chuandanshen) and the other-region, have the differences in the shapes and properties, and the microscopic frameworks. The character can be identified by the differences in the shapes of medicinal materials, and the rank form of vascular bundle of transverse section of root.

Objective To assess image quality of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR),conventional modelbased iterative reconstruction (MBIRc) and a new lung-specific setting (MBIRRP20 and MBIRNR40) from the new version of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIRn) in submillisievert chest CT comparing with ASIR in standard-dose.Methods Two chest CT examinations were performed with standard-dose and low-dose in 30 patients.Low-dose CT images were reconstructed with ASIR,MBIRc and MBIRn,while standard-dose CT images were reconstructed with ASIR only.Objective image noise and SNR were measured on the same part from the back muscle and subcutaneous fat which located at the level of thoracic entry,trachea carina and hepatic portal.Image quality of lung,mediastinum and upper abdomen structures were evaluated on a 5-point scale.The results were compared with one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.Results The effective dose equivalent for standard-dose CT was (3.01 ± 1.89) mSv,compared with (0.88 ± 0.83) mSv for low dose CT,which decreased by 70.76％.The mean image noise for low-dose MBIRNR40 was significantly lower than that of conventional-dose ASIR,low-dose ASIR and MBIRc (P＜0.05).The mean SNR for low-dose MRIRNR40 was significant ly higher than that of conventional dose ASIR,low-dose ASIR and MBIRc (P＜0.05).The subjective image noise score was significantly lower than that of ASIR and MBIRc,and the score of sharpness of details of the structures score for low dose MBIRn was significantly better than that of the ASIR and MBIRc (P＜0.05).Conclusion MBIRNR40 can significantly reduce image noise and improve SNR compared to ASIR and MBIRc in low-dose,even better than ASIR in standard dose,which reduce radiation dose by about 70％.In low-dose,MBIRPP20 can well display lung structures,and MBIRNR40 can display mediastinal and the upper abdominal structures.

Objective To compare the effect on image quality of low-dose upper abdominal CT reconstructed with the new version of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIRn) focused on low-contrast resolution (MBIRNR40),conventional model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIRc),adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and routine-dose CT reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP).Methods Water plantom at rest was scanned with CT,and spatial resolution and density resolution were compared among FBP,ASIR,MBIRc,and MBIRNR40.Sixty patients with 2 times CT in the upper abdomen within a year were enrolled.The initial examination was acquired at a standard radiation dose (noise index [NI] of 10 HU) and reconstructed with the conventional FBP algorithm.The follow-up scan was acquired at a lowdose (NI=20 HU) and reconstructed with the standard ASIR,MBIRc and MBIRNR40.All images were obtained with 0.625 mm slice thickness.CT values and noise of fat,muscle as well as the liver and kidney parenchyma were measured and CNR of liver and kidney parenchyma using the fat SD as background image noise were calculated.Two radiologists independently graded images for noise,sharpness of details of structures and lesion.The quantitative image quality scores of different reconstructions were analyzed with one-way ANOVA using FBP reconstruction as reference of standard.The degree of interobserver consistency was evaluated using Kappa test.Results The phantom study revealed the highest spatial resolution with MBIRc and highest density resolution with MBIRNR40 among all reconstructions.The dose-length product and radiation dose for the first inspection was (93.18 ± 41.21) mGy · cm,(1.40 ± 0.62) mSv,respectively,and were (368.03 ± 146.25)mGy · cm,(5.52 ± 2.19)mSv for the second inspection,representing an approximate overall dose reduction of 74.68％ and 74.64％.The mean image noise of muscle and fat for MBIRNR40 was significantly lower than that of MBIR,ASIR and FBP(P＜0.05).The mean CNR values of liver and spleen for MBIRNR40 were significantly higher than that of ASIR,MBIRc and FBP (P＜0.05).Two radiologists had a good subjective score consistency.Low-dose MBIRNR40 subjective image noise was the lowest,showing the most detailed on the upper abdominal detail structure and lesion edge,better than MBIRc,MBIRc was superior to routine-dose FBP,low dose ASIR was worst,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion With 75％ dose reduction in upper abdominal CT,the MBIRNR40 can provide well objective and subjective image quality than MBIRc and ASIR40,and the routine-dose FBP.