[Objective]To discuss the indication and attentive affairs among single and combined surgical treatments for spastic cerebral palsy by analyzing the therapeutic efficacy of different operations,such as lengthening tendon,osteotomy and neurectomy,etc.[Method]Six hundred and forty-two patients(aged 10 months to 37 years)were treated with combined operations of different operations,including traditional operations on soft tissue release,osteotomy,selective posterior rhizotomy,selective rhizotomy and converse anastomosis,neurectomy,etc.The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 4 years(mean 18 months).[Result]The traditional soft tissue release and lengthening was still the major surgical treatment to cerebral palsy.It resulted on rectifying fixed contracure and deformity,although could not decrease muscular tension.The decisive processes lied on neurectomy.Though the selective posterior rhizotomy and selective peripheral neurectomy reduced muscular strength partially in the early stage,the muscular tension was also reduced,therefore the range of motion of joints was enlarged and the functions of extremities were strengthened.[Conclusion]Classifying the types of cerebral palsy carefully,mastering the indications of all sorts of surgical treatment strictly,realizing the latent complications of different operations,combining different processes of surgical treatment can enhance therapeutic efficacy,reduce recurrence of convulsion and malformed,as well as avoiding serious complications during therapy.In addition,postoperative exercise is also the basic treatment to spastic cerebral palsy.

The structure, karyotype and behavior of synaptonemal complex (SC) in the spermatocytes of hedgehog (Erinaceus euroaaus dealbatus (insectivora)) were analyzed by light and electron microscopy with a modified surface spread preparation which involves the use of sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS) and silver staining. The lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex have a constant width of about 50 nm, the distance between the two lateral elements is about 100 nm. The relative length and arm rationale constant for each autosomal SC. The relative length and arm ratio constant for ea of the autosomal SCs are very similar to that of mitotic autosome.The X and Y chromosome axes have a clear morphological distinction from the autosomal SC. The axes of X and Y chromosome pair and form a SC of certain length at pachytene stage. The axes of unpaired X and Y chromosome are heteropycnotic and display various morphological complexities. But these differentiations in hedgehog are primary than in other mammalians, such as human and mice. At pachytene stage the X and Y chromosome display an extensive side-by-side pairing segment with decreasing length as meiotic prophase progressed.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that bone marrow mcscnchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts after induction of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the osteogenetic effects between MSCs, bBMP, and fibrin gel alone and their composite.DESIGN: A controlled observation experiment.SETTING: Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province and Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between January 2004 and June 2006. Healthy New Zealand rabbits were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS: Bone marrow was taken from the lilac bone. By density gradient centrifugation, autologous MSCs were in vitro cultured and amplified. A composite was made of fibrin gel and bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP). After adding MSCs, another composite was made. Twelve rabbits underwent lumbar L3/4, LA/5, and LS/6 discectomy and interbody fusion via an anterior retroperitoneal approach. Three fusion sites in each animal were randomly assigned into three of four treatments: composite of MSCs and hBMP and fibrin gel (group A), composite of MSCs and fibrin gel (group B), composite of bBMP and fibrin gel (group C) and fibrin gel alone (group D). The interbodies were observed radiologically and histologically 3 months after surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bone formation in the spinal interveRebral space of rabbits.RESULTS: Twelve weeks after surgery, bone formation was appasenfly greater in the Group A than in the other groups.Histological findings revealed continuous bone formation. The groups B and C showed equivalent radiological and histological changes. Bone formation was intermittent. Group D had fibrous union, but no bone formation. No residual fibrin gel was found in all groups, but a small amount of residual nucleus gelatinosus with a little cartilaginous tissue was visible in the intervertebral disc.X-ray examination results did not reveal vertebral posterior hyperplasia or spinal stenosis. There was significant difference in range of lumbar motion between the group B and the groups C and D (P ＜ 0.05). No pronounced difference in vertebral posterior height loss existed among the groups.CONCLUSION: The composite of MSCs, fibrin gel and bBMP can promote bone regeneration and achieve osseous spinal fusion.

Objective To summarize and explore the clinical value of selective partial neurotomy of muscular branch of triceps in the treatment of spastic talipes equines.Methods Forty-two cases were included in our study from Aug.2000 to Des.2007,all these cases accepted the operation of selective partial neurotomy muscular branch of triceps.In this study,29 cases were male,13 cases were female.Muscle force of legs,muscular tension,pathologic reflex,gesture and function of legs after operation were compared with that of before operation.Results The mean fallow-up was 18 months.During the fallow-up of this study,muscular tension degraded,the function of ankle joints and the gesture of extremitas inferior were improved obviously.The effective power was about 90% after 12 months follow-up.Conclusions Selective partial neurotomy of muscular branch of triceps is a effective method for the treatment of spastic talipes equines.The operation procedure is simple and effective,and could be generalized in the primary level hospital.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:The utilization of aspirin in 510 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the department of Endocrinology in our hospital from April 2004 to April 2007 was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Of the total 510 cases,68.2% received aspirin,with daily dose reached 50～100mg.Aspirin was more often used in patients complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension(P

Sepsis and septic shock have high morbidity and mortality. The key point is that huge amount of nitric oxide (NO) is releasing into circulation, inducing marked dilation of blood vessels, and continuously decreased of blood pressure. The central link is inflammation and oxidative stress. Methylene blue can effectively inhibit NO, remove excessive NO and block the signal transduction pathway named inducible nitric oxide synthase-NO-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (iNOS-NO-sGC-cGMP). Meanwhile, it also play a role in inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. This paper reviews the mechanism of methylene blue in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, as well as its treatment time window, optimal dose, administration mode and potential adverse reactions, to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

Objectives: To establish an effective method to isolate germinal vesicle frommammalian oocyte and make the isolated germinal vesicle undergo meiotic resumptionin vitro. Methods: The germinal vesicles were isolated from oocytes directly througha physical method by drawing oocyte in and out of fine-bore pipette.The isolatedgerminal vesicles were cultured in cell-free system which was prepared from the celllysate of synchronized HeLa cells.DNA fluorescence dye Hoechest 33342 was used tomonitor the condensation of chromatin during germinal vesicle breakdown. Results:The cell lysate of metaphase HeLa cell induced chromatin condensation while the cellextract of early G2 phase could not. Conclusions: The germinal vesicle can beisolated successfully in such a physical method and it can undergo chromatincondensation in vitro just as the oocyte does in vivo. Natl J Androl,2001,7(2):79～83

Objective:Using bibliometrics to study the international literature on fat transplantation in recent 10 years, and to explore the research status, hot spots and development trend in this field.Methods:Literatures related to fat transplantation research from 2011 to 2020 were searched through the core collection of Web of Science database, and the literatures were screened strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted on the year, journal, first author, number of articles published by countries and institutions, and distribution of disciplines by bibliometrics. Citespace5.7.R5W software was used for co-citation analysis of the included literatures. Cooccurrence analysis and emergent word analysis were also carried out on the keywords in the literature. VOSviewer1.6.16 software was used to perform visual clustering of terms in the title and abstract of the included literature to reveal hot topics and research frontiers.Results:A total of 4 901 papers were included, and the number of annual publications continued to increase from 2011 to 2020. The top three publications during the study period were Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (320 papers), Aesthetic Surgery Journal (171 papers), and PLoS One (113 papers). The first authors were Rafael Denadai (13 papers), Gentile Pietro(12 papers), Khouri Roger(6 papers). The most productive countries and institutions in this field were the United States (1 646 papers), China (853 papers), and Italy (383 papers). The organizations with the largest number of publications were the University of Pittsburgh (96 papers), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (78 papers), and Milan University (63 papers). There were 87 research categories in the literature related to fat transplantation, of which surgery was involved mostly. Visual analysis of Cites Pace5.7.R5W software showed that 4 901 references had established a co-citation network consisting of 381 nodes, 608 links and 12 clusters. There were 69 599 keywords in the literature, and the top five keywords from high to low were "transplantation" "adipose tissue" "stem-cell" "tissue" , and "obesity" . In the literature, the keywords with the highest intensity of outburst was "outcome" , and the keywords with the longest duration of outburst was "cartilage" . In recent years, the five keywords with outburst were "liver disease" "trial" "stromal vascular fraction" "outcome" , and " Akkermansia muciniphila" . VOSviewer1.6.16 software visualization clustering result showed that the application of fat transplantation in plastic surgery, the source of adipose tissue and its survival mechanism in vivo, and the laboratory research on fat regeneration were the three hot spots in the field of fat transplantation technology. Conclusions:The research on fat transplantation is on the rise in the world, and research institutions at home and abroad are conducting in-depth exploration on fat transplantation. Recent research focuses on improving the long-term survival rate of fat transplantation, and the research level is gradually in-depth at the molecular level.

Objective:Using bibliometrics to study the international literature on fat transplantation in recent 10 years, and to explore the research status, hot spots and development trend in this field.Methods:Literatures related to fat transplantation research from 2011 to 2020 were searched through the core collection of Web of Science database, and the literatures were screened strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted on the year, journal, first author, number of articles published by countries and institutions, and distribution of disciplines by bibliometrics. Citespace5.7.R5W software was used for co-citation analysis of the included literatures. Cooccurrence analysis and emergent word analysis were also carried out on the keywords in the literature. VOSviewer1.6.16 software was used to perform visual clustering of terms in the title and abstract of the included literature to reveal hot topics and research frontiers.Results:A total of 4 901 papers were included, and the number of annual publications continued to increase from 2011 to 2020. The top three publications during the study period were Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (320 papers), Aesthetic Surgery Journal (171 papers), and PLoS One (113 papers). The first authors were Rafael Denadai (13 papers), Gentile Pietro(12 papers), Khouri Roger(6 papers). The most productive countries and institutions in this field were the United States (1 646 papers), China (853 papers), and Italy (383 papers). The organizations with the largest number of publications were the University of Pittsburgh (96 papers), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (78 papers), and Milan University (63 papers). There were 87 research categories in the literature related to fat transplantation, of which surgery was involved mostly. Visual analysis of Cites Pace5.7.R5W software showed that 4 901 references had established a co-citation network consisting of 381 nodes, 608 links and 12 clusters. There were 69 599 keywords in the literature, and the top five keywords from high to low were "transplantation" "adipose tissue" "stem-cell" "tissue" , and "obesity" . In the literature, the keywords with the highest intensity of outburst was "outcome" , and the keywords with the longest duration of outburst was "cartilage" . In recent years, the five keywords with outburst were "liver disease" "trial" "stromal vascular fraction" "outcome" , and " Akkermansia muciniphila" . VOSviewer1.6.16 software visualization clustering result showed that the application of fat transplantation in plastic surgery, the source of adipose tissue and its survival mechanism in vivo, and the laboratory research on fat regeneration were the three hot spots in the field of fat transplantation technology. Conclusions:The research on fat transplantation is on the rise in the world, and research institutions at home and abroad are conducting in-depth exploration on fat transplantation. Recent research focuses on improving the long-term survival rate of fat transplantation, and the research level is gradually in-depth at the molecular level.

ObjectiveBased on the theory of "gut-prostate" axis， this study explored the effects and mechanisms of Zishen Tongguan formula and Cinnamomi Cortex in the formula in treating rats with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis（CNP） by detecting the levels of inflammatory factors， and the composition and structure of intestinal flora in CNP rats. MethodsEight out of 42 SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining rats were injected with carrageenan to prepare the CNP model. After successful modeling， 32 rats were randomly divided into the model group， Ningmitai capsule group（0.50 g·kg^-1）， Zishen Tongguan formula group（2.00 g·kg^-1）， and the Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma pair group（PCC-AR group， 2.00 g·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. The administered groups were given the corresponding medicinal solution by gavage， and the normal and model groups were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of normal saline， once a day for 14 consecutive days. The prostate tissues of rats were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and Masson staining to observe the pathological changes of the tissues in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of related inflammatory factors in rat serum， and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the abundance and diversity changes of gut microbiota before and after administration， and species difference analysis was performed. ResultsAll the administered groups could alleviate the inflammatory symptoms of CNP rats， increase the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors and decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors， with the most sIgnificant effect observed in the Zishen Tongguan formula group. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of interleukin（IL）-8， hypersensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）， immunoglobulin（Ig）M， secretory IgA （sIgA）， and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） were sIgnificantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of the above inflammatory factors in all administered groups were significantly reduced（P<0.01）. When compared with the PCC-AR group， the Zishen Tongguan formula group showed a significant decrease in transforming growth factor（TGF）-β₁ expression level（P<0.05） and a significant increase in IgM expression level（P<0.01）. The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that， compared with the PCC-AR group， at the order level， the Zishen Tongguan formula group significantly reduced the relative abundance of conditional pathogens such as Bacteroidales， Acidaminococcales， Rhodospirillales， Clostridiales， and Elusimicrobiales（P<0.01）. And at the genus level， the Zishen Tongguan formula group significantly decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic microbiota such as Lachnospira and Bacteroides（P<0.01） and significantly increased the relative abundances of beneficial microbiota such as Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus（P<0.01）. ConclusionZishen Tongguan formula can reduce the level of harmful intestinal bacteria， increase the level of beneficial intestinal bacteria， down-regulate the expression of serum inflammatory factors， and the small amount of Cinnamomi Cortex in the formula may play a key role in the treatment of CNP with this formula.