Since July 1992 to September 1993,57 breast lesions were identified by mam- mography in 56 patients. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed on 55 lesions by us- ing a stereotaxic localization technique (10/55 lesions were nonpalpable). Fine-needle aspira- tion cytology has a sensitivity of 92.5%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 96.3%, The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of mammogram with stereotaxic fine-needle aspiration cytology test were 100% respectively. 6 nonpalpable breast lesions were excised by using stereotaxic localization technique.

Objective In the treatment of tumor with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),the acoustic pressure distribution determines the safety and reliability of HIFU.It is necessary to predict the acoustic field produced by HIFU transducer.Methods To analyze the acoustic pressure distribution of HIFU generated by different excitation frequency and variable incentive power,comparison was made between the acoustic pressure simulated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the ones measured by experiments.ResultsThe resultsshowed that the pressureat focalpoint increasedwiththe increasing of excitation power,while the change in the focal length was negligible.The focal point moved towards the transducer with the frequency increasing until the maximum sound pressure was gained at the resonant frequency (RF).Conclusion The simulation results are consistent with the experiment results,indicating that the acoustic fields can be predicted by simulation.

Numerical simulation is one of the most significant methods to predict the temperature distribution in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. In this study, the adopted numerical simulation was used based on a transcranial ultrasound therapy model taking a human skull as a reference. The approximation of the Westervelt formula and the Pennes bio-heat conduction equation were applied to the simulation of the transcranial temperature distribution. According to the temperature distribution and the Time Reversal theory, the position of the treatable focal region was corrected and the hot spot existing in the skull was eliminated. Furthermore, the influence of the exposure time, input power and the distance between transducer and skull on the temperature distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the position of the focal region could be corrected and the hot spot was eliminated using the Time Reversal theory without affecting the focus. The focal region above 60 degrees C could be formed at the superficial tis sue located from the skull of 20 mm using the hot spot elimination method and the volume of the focal region increases with the exposure time and the input power in a nonlinear form. When the same volume of the focal region was obtained, the more power was inputted, the less the exposure time was needed. Moreover, the volume of the focal region was influenced by the distance between the transducer and the skull.
Computer Simulation ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Skull

Objective To explore the clinical significance and the dynamic changes of serum anti-inflam-mation factor interleukin-10(IL-10)and inflammatory factor interleukin-8(IL-8)in cerebral infarction.Methods The serum levels of IL-10 and IL-8 in 30 patients were measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked inunu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)on days 1.3,7 and 14 respectively after infarction.Results The serum levels of IL-10 and IL-8 were higher in patients than those in control group on days 1,3 and 7(P<0.05).Conclusion IL-10 and IL-8 are involved in the pathophysiology of acute cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of chronic exposure to trace chromium (VI) as a result of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty on oxidative stress in mouse liver cells.

METHODSEighty NIH mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and subject to intraperitoneal injection of CrO(3) at the dose of 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg every other day for 16 weeks. Five mice from each group were selected every 4 weeks for determining the content of chromium (VI) in the whole blood and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) expression in the liver cells. The ultrastructural changes of the liver cells were also observed using transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTSExposure to 5 and 10 mg/kg CrO(3) caused significantly increased blood chromium concentration and ROS level, which reached the peak level at 8 weeks and became stabilized, whereas at the dose of 20 mg/kg, CrO(3) exposure resulted in progressive, time-dependent increase of blood chromium concentration and ROS level. MDA showed no significant changes in the 4 groups. With the prolongation of the exposure time, GSH content and GR activity were decreased in these groups. In 5 and 10 mg/kg CrO(3) groups, GCL expression increased at each time point of measurement, but in 20 mg/kg group, GCL expression decreased gradually with a prolonged exposure. Transmission electron microscopy revealed apoptotic changes of the liver cells in 20 mg/kg group.

CONCLUSIONThe slow accumulation of trace chromium (VI) after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty may cause oxidative stress and changes in the oxidative stress system in the liver cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chromium ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Environmental Exposure ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Toxicity Tests, Chronic

OBJECTIVETo explore the baseline clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension after operation for congenital heart disease (AO-CHD-PAH) in China.

METHODSA total of 122 consecutive patients diagnosed as AO-CHD-PAH in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from September 1, 2006 to August 31, 2011 were retrospective analyzed.

RESULTSSixty-seven percent patients were female. The median age at procedure and diagnosis were 14.8 and 24.8 years old, respectively. The median duration from procedure of CHD to diagnosis of PAH was 7.3 years. The most frequent initial symptom (109/122, 89.3%) attributed to PAH was dyspnea on exertion. The frequent sign was accentuation of second heart sound on pulmonary valve area (113/122, 92.6%).Incidence of WHO functional PAH classes I/II was 53.3% (65/122) and mean 6 minutes walk distance was limited to (408.4 ± 103.3) m. Borg dyspnea score was 2.0 (1.0, 3.0).Right heart catheterization demonstrated severe elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure [(71.6 ± 24.2) mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa] and pulmonary vascular resistance index [(29.1 ± 16.0) Wood U·m(2)] in this patient cohort. Cardiac index was (2.7 ± 0.9) L·min(-1)·m(-2), 90.2% (110/122) patients received PAH-specific therapy. The majority of PAH-specific therapy was phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, which is somehow different from PAH-specific therapy regimen of American-European developed countries.

CONCLUSIONSPAH-specific therapy rate is satisfactory for pulmonary arterial hypertension after operation for congenital heart disease in China and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are predominant PAH-specific medication in China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical characteristics and survival on Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and familiar pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH) during conventional therapy era and targeted therapy era.

METHODSIPAH and FPAH patients who were referred between Jan 1999 and Oct 2004 in Fuwai Hospital were defined as conventional therapy era group (before 2005 no PAH-specific drug was available in China). All patients in this group were followed up till Jun 2005. IPAH and FPAH patients who were referred between Sep 2006 and Aug 2011 were defined as targeted therapy era group (new PAH-specific drugs were available in China since 2006) were analyzed. All patients in this group were followed up till Dec 2013. The primary endpoints were death and therapy medicine.

RESULTSSeventy-two patients were enrolled in conventional therapy era group, 375 were enrolled in targeted therapy era group. The mean age was (35.9 ± 12.2) years and (34.5 ± 17.4) years respectively (P = 0.67), and women was predominant in both groups. There was no difference in WHO functional class and hemodynamic data between the two groups. About 90.3% patients were treated by calcium-channel blockers (CCB) in conventional therapy era group. In targeted therapy era group, almost all patients were treated by at least one PAH-specific drug, only 3.2% patients who had a positive response to acute pulmonary vasodilator testing were treated by CCB. The median survival time was 30.4 months in conventional therapy era group and 66.2 months in targeted therapy era group. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5- year survival rates of IPAH and FPAH patients were 68.0%, 56.9%, 38.9% and 20.8% in conventional therapy era group, and 89.3%, 78.1%, 68.2% and 53.7% in targeted therapy era group respectively (P < 0.000 1).

CONCLUSIONCompared with conventional therapy era, the survival rate of Chinese IPAH and FPAH patients is significantly improved in targeted therapy era.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult