Objective: To study the input and output efficiency of the general hospitals based on the sampling data, in order to infer the operational efficiency of the general hospital in Hubei Province. Methods: Cobb-Douglas production function is extended and the input-output efficiency of 50 hospitals is analyzed by Data Exchange Agreement ( DEA). Results: Based on C-D production function expansion, through the sampling survey of input and output data, screening the input and output indicators of general hospitals, use DEA to conclude the put-output efficiency of 50 general hospitals in Hubei. Conclusion: The bed utilization rate of 50 general hospitals is low, the general hospital beds should be appropriately reduced, and corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.

BACKGROUND: Schwann cell can excrete many neurotrophic factors,protect neuron, and be nutritious to neuron. It also can promote the recover of injury of nerve.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of Schwann cell derived neurotrophic factor(SDNF) in developing lumber spinal cord of normal adult and different embryo rats as well as immature rats, and the effect on spinal cord in various developing period.DESIGN: Randomized and Controlled animal study.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Animal Laboratory of Nanhua University in September 2003. Totally 30 Wister rats, in each gender,weighing 150-300 g, were selected from Animal Laboratory of Nanhua University.INTERVENTIONS: ① Selection and section: The normal lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of normal adults rats with body mass in 180-220 g and 4-6 mature stages were fixed. Frozen sections were selected from 8 pregnant female rats including various embryol rats and immature rats. ② Immunohistochemical staining: Regarding protein antibody of SDNF as the first antibody,avidin-biotin peroxidase method was used to stain, the ash value was observed and the demi-quantitative value was worked out by scanning staining depth in order to analyze the expression of SDNF in lumbar spinal cord.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Immunohistochemical staining of normal lumbar spinal cord; ② Immunohistochemical staining of developing lumbar spinal cord.RESULTS: Eight female rats were pregnant, and all samples were selected from the fetal rats and the immature rats. ① There appeared well-distributed SDNF, staining the whole white matter and Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ stratum of the poster horn of gray matter of adult rats, and the dorsal root ganglia is much more intensively stained than lumber spinal cord. ② There was a inclination of early increase and late declination of SDNF immunoreactivity and the staining reaches a maximum at 21-day embryo, and then decreased at 7-day embryo and 12-day embryo after birth.CONCLUSION: There is lower expression of SDNF in lumber spinal cord of adult rats. But the expression of SDNF decreases gradually in the developing lumber spinal cord of rats. This means that SDNF may promote the development of spinal cord of embryo rats.

Emodin is an important component of traditio na l Chinese herb, Rhubarb(Da Huang),and has various efficacies, including suppress ing bacterial, anti-inflammation,protecting function of the liver and the kidney ,inhibiting platelet aggregation,improving microcirculation,anti-cancer, and sho ws good values in clinical application. This article reviews developments in its pharmacological action and mechanism and provides theoretical evidences for exp loiting of Emodin.

OBJECTIVE:To uncover the potentiality of brand management in pharmaceutical industry and to explore its importance in pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:The developmental opportunity of brand management was analyzed be?ginning from the current circumstances of pharmaceutical industry.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical in?dustries are confronted with unprecedented development for brand management.With the ending of the products era,brand management has become an important resource for the pharmaceutical industry to obtain competitive advantages.

Objective Through comparing the similarities and differences between respairing effect on rat’s gastric mucosal lesion by electroacupure (EA) at Meridian of Foot Yangming and Meridian of Foot Shaoyang, to explore the specificity of the correlation between Meridian of Foot and Stomach and the mechanism of the healing effect by EA at meridian of Foot Yangming for curing the gastric lesion. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank group, model group, stomach tunnel group, gallbladder tunnel group. All rats (except normal group) were made model by water restraint stress (WRS). After corresponding experimental process, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-?) of plasma, gastric mucous tissue concentration was detected with radioimmunoassay, and the expression of EGFR mRNA of above tissue was detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymease chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results The gastric mucosal lesion index of Foot Yangming group decreased significantly in comparison with that of other groups, while EGF, TGF-? of gastric mucous tissue concentration level of Foot Yangming group was obviously higher than that of model group and gallbladder tunnel group. EA oould up-regulate the expression gastric mucosal EGFRmRNA, and there was a more significant difference in the group by EA at Meridian of Foot Yangming than that in the model group and gallbladder tunnel group. Conclusion The curative effect of EA at points of Meridian of Foot Yangming on the gastric mucosa may be realized by the synthesis, secretion and release of the related EGF family factor, such as EGF, TGF-? and so on. Such special regulation of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosal tissue was related to the gene expression of EGFRmRNA, and that may be further mechanism of the curative effect of EA at points of Meridean of Foot-Yangming on gastric mucosal lesion. There existed corresponding correlation between Meridian of Foot Yangming and Stomach.

Twenty-two neurosurgical patients were randomly divided into two groups:Group 1 iv drip midazolam and isoflurane inhalation;Group 2 isoflurane inhalation only. The hemodynamic indices and concentration of isoflurane were studied. The results showed that the blood pressure of all the patients were significantly decreased(PMO.01). The concentration of isoflurane in group 1 were .signicantly lowered by 27% than in group 2(P

The article describes the essence,element,and contents in the new stage of the informed consent,makes discussions on how to effectively implement the principles of informed content in public health practices,and compares the similarities and differences of informed consent in public health ethics,clinical ethics,and biomedical ethics.

Baicalein is an important component of traditional Chinese herb, Scutellariae Radix(Huang Qin), and has various efficacies, including anti bacterial, antivirus, anti inflammation, protecting the liver function, diuresis, anti tumor, and shows good values in clinical application. It was majorly applied to acute or chronic inflammation. This article reviews developments in its pharmacological action and mechanism and provides theoretical evidences for exploiting of baicalein.

Objective: To explore the dignositic characteristics of coronary heart disease (CHD) in perimenopausal women. Methods: The clinical data of 180 patients suspected of CHD were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of CHD,clinical characteristics of chest pain, routine electrocardiography,ambulatory electrocardiography and coronary artery angiography (CAA) were compared between perimenopause group and control group. Results: The incidence of CHD increased significantly in control group(13.5%, 10/76) compared to perimenopause group (43.3%, 45/104, P