Objective To investigate the infection status of Mycoplasma pirum among male HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu and analyze the risk factors.The genome sequencing of Mycoplasma pirum was completed for the first time.Methods Male HIV infected individuals and AIDS patients confirmed in Jiangsu province were enrolled for 4 repeated cross-sectional studies by means of detecting the first flow urine sample and venous blood sample collected and questionnaire survey after informed consent.Genome sequencing was conducted for Mycoplasma pirum by using Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform.Results A total of 1 541 HIV/AIDS patients were surveyed in this study.The infection rates of Mycoplasma pirurm was 15.4％.The patients who received no HAART had higher risk to be infected with Mycoplasma pirum (OR=1.344,95％CI:1.008-1.792).Otherwise,high CD4+T counts was a protective factor for Mycoplasma pirum infection (OR=0.600,95％CI:0.444-0.810).Based on the sequencing result,the genome size of Mycoplasma pirum was 850 704 bp,the GC content was 24.21％ the genome contained 708 genes,the total length of genes was 734 085 bp,the average length was 1 037 bp,accounting for 86.29％ of genome.Conclusion More attention should be paid to the high infection rate of Mycoplasma pirum among male HIV/AIDS patients in the future AIDS prevention and control.The first genome sequencing of standard Mycoplasma pirum strain was completed in this study (registering Serial number:AZHZ00000001),which can provide evidence for the further research of gene function and pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasma pirum.

At present, China's AIDS testing increased rapidly, but there are still many people living with HIV do not recognize their status, thus postponing the antiviral treatment time. HIV self-testing (HST) is an effective method to expand the testing, not only simple operation, easy to get a result, effectively protect the detection privacy, expand the selection of testers, suit to the entire population, but also the premise and basis of other AIDS comprehensive prevention measures, all over the world are promoting it. Because the HST has controversies in the window period, price and before and after controversial, and our country is in the initial stage of HST, so it is not to develop related policies, but more and more countries are in accordance with their own situations are modified or developed to allow to use rapid detection of AIDS policy to regulate the field. This paper analyzed and summarized the advantage and influence factors of HST promotion, HST believes that in the long term, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, we need to formulate relevant policies, and improve the sensitivity of the kit, shorten the window period of time, production and promotion of operation standard of video, specification and testing the operating practices, preventing and reporting the possible social harm, investigation and understanding of the needs of the people of the crowd, to maximize the advantages of HST, find more infection, so as to curb the epidemic of AIDS.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of educational background of men who have sex with men (MSM) on their high risk sexual behaviors and the HIV/STI infection rates.

METHODSDuring July to November of 2009 and March to October of 2010, snowball and convenience sampling methods were adopted to recruit MSM from MSM venues and via the internet in Changzhou city of Jiangsu province, and finally 659 MSM were conducted a questionnaire survey and serological testing. According to the educational background of MSM, they were divided into 3 groups, that is, junior high school group (206 cases), high school group (254 cases), and university group (199 cases). The questionnaire mainly includes information on social demography, sexual behaviors, condom use, etc. Blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis spirochete detection, and urine samples were also collected in 291 MSM who were recruited during July to November of 2009 for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acid detection. χ(2) test and other statistical analysis methods were used to compare the characteristics of sexual behaviors and HIV/STI infections in 3 groups.

RESULTSOf the 659 valid questionnaires returned, junior high school group, high school group, and university group accounted for 31.3% (206 cases), 38.5% (254 cases) and 30.2% (199 cases). Places where MSM of different education levels most often to seek sexual partners, were significantly different. Junior high school group and high school group mostly went to bath house/sauna club (56.3%, 116 cases) and bar (34.8%, 88 cases) for partners, respectively, while the university group sought partners mainly through the internet (41.1%, 81 cases) (χ(2) = 99.35, P < 0.05). 53.4% (109/204) of the junior high school group had anal sex with men in the last 6 months, which was higher than that of high school group (67.7%, 172/254) (χ(2) = 9.74, P < 0.05) and university group (72.7%, 144/198) (χ(2) = 16.04, P < 0.05) . A total of 54.4% (111/204) of the junior high school group had sex with women in the last 6 months, which was higher than that of university group (38.6%, 76/197) (χ(2) = 10.10, P < 0.05) , but was not statistically significantly different from that of high school group (46.9%, 119/254) (χ(2) = 2.59, P = 0.11) . The rates of condom use with men at the last anal sex in junior high school group (73.4%, 80/109) , high school group (78.0%, 131/168) and university group (73.9%, 105/142) were similar. The rates of condom use with women in the last intercourse in junior high school group, high school group and university group were 51.8% (57/110), 54.6% (65/119) and 61.8% (47/76), respectively(χ(2) = 1.88, P = 0.39) . In junior high school group, high school group and university group, the infection rates of HIV were 9.2% (19/206), 10.6% (27/254) and 5.6% (11/197) (χ(2) = 3.68, P = 0.16), the positive rates of neisseria gonorrhoeae were 3.8% (3/79), 3.4% (4/117) and 0.0% (0/95) (χ(2) = 3.85, P = 0.14), the positive rates of chlamydia trachomatis were 5.1% (4/79), 9.4% (11/117) and 4.2% (4/95) (χ(2) = 2.70, P = 0.26). The infection rate of syphilis in junior high school group was 19.9% (41/206), which was higher than high school group (12.2%, 31/254) (χ(2) = 5.11, P < 0.05) and university group (10.2%, 20/197) (χ(2) = 7.45, P < 0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONThere was no obvious correlation between education level and high risk sexual behaviors;MSM with lower education level were at higher risk of infection of syphilis.

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cultural Characteristics ; Educational Status ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schools ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; Universities ; Unsafe Sex ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the five-year effectiveness of the people living with HIV/AIDS who initially received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Jiangsu province.

METHODSHIV/AIDS initially received HAART from 1 Jan 2005 to 31 May 2014 in Jiangsu province with the CD4(+)T cell count tested in baseline, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were selected. According to their retrospectively collected baseline and follow-up data, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software to analyze the variation of CD4(+)T counts and its impact factors in different times after treatment initiation.

RESULTSA total of 200 patients were included. A total of 134 patients were men, and 66 were women, the ratio of male to female was 2.03: 1; mean age was (39.7 ± 10.3) years old; 69.0% (138/200) of the patients married; 53.0% (106/200) as the most were infected with HIV through heterosexual transmission, and followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) (25.5%, 51/200); taken together as 78.5% (157/200).58.5% (117/200) were treated in the CDC. The mean (95%CI) baseline CD4(+)T cell count of cases was 106.9 (93.3-120.5) cells/µl; the CD4(+)T count tested in 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were 107.3, 152.9, 221.6, 260.0, 281.3 and 316.4 cells/µl more than baseline respectively; the CD4(+)T count after treatment initiation has increased over time (F = 201.06, P < 0.01) . The mean(95%CI) CD4(+)T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation can increase to 540.7(445.4-635.9) cells/µl with a baseline CD4(+)T count more than 200 cells/µl, but in the subgroups with a baseline CD4(+)T count less than or equal to 50 cells/µl, 51-100 cells/µl, 101-150 cells/µl and 151-200 cells/µl, it only can reach to 431.4 (375.9-487.0), 400.0 (339.9-460.2), 380.3 (330.6-430.0) and 412.1 (369.3-454.8) cells/µl respectively. The mean (95%CI) CD4(+)T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation with 1 baseline symptom categories can increase to 449.2 (392.2-506.2) cells/µl, while 409.1(317.8-500.5)cells/µl in the subgroup with baseline symptom categories more than or equal to 2. The CD4(+)T after treatment increased slowly associated with a lower baseline CD4(+)T count level and more baseline symptom categories (F values were 3.96 and 2.35, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt has a remarkable effectiveness for HIV/AIDS treatment in Jiangsu province. The patients with a baseline CD4(+)T count more than 200 counts/µl have a better immune function recovery.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Male

Objective To understand the status of recent infected and newly reported HIV cases in Jiangsu province. Methods Information including general demographic,mode of transmission and sample source of newly reported HIV infected cases was collected. Corresponding serum or plasma samples were collected and tested with BED-CEIA. Proportions of recent HIV infections among different populations were calculated,and associated factors of recent HIV infection calculated. Results Among cases infected through different channels as homosexual,heterosexual and needles sharing,the proportions of recent infections were 29.19%,17.40% and 21.75%, respectively. Statistically significant difference was seen between different populations(P<0.05). Compared with female cases,male cases were more likely to be recent infected(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.168-2.107). Compared with cases older than 35 years of age,the ones that younger than that age were more likely to be recently infected(OR=1.556,95%CI:1.289-1.879). Compared with cases who remained single,those married cases were more likely to be long-term infections(OR=0.789, 95%CI:0.649-0.960). Compared with patients identified by hospitals,the recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling programs and testing(OR=2.278,95%CI:1.853-2.801),project-based surveillance programs(OR=2.409,95%CI:1.860- 3.120),and unpaid blood donation sites(OR=2.911,95%CI:2.118-4.001)(P<0.05). Conclusion Proportion of MSM ranked 1st in the newly reported HIV cases in Jiangsu province. Related HIV case-finding programs should be strengthened to reduce the secondary transmission.

Objective To understand the compliance of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nanjing. Methods PLWHA receiving HAART in No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing during May-June 2014 were recruited in this study. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data about HAART compliance and socio-demographic characteristics of PLWHA surveyed. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to examine the effects of the factors on self-reported HAART adherence. Results A total of 276 PLWHA were surveyed,According to the evaluation criterion of Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE),252 cases showed good compliance (91.3%). logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking,progress of the disease and side effects,reminding of taking drug and age were correlated with self-reported HAART adherence. Conclusion It is suggested to strengthen the education about antiviral therapy compliance in PLWHA with mild infection and those who are smokers and young,suffer from side effects,have no reminding methods for taking drug.

Objective: To understand the incidence and related factors of HIV-1 drug resistance among HIV/AIDS patients experiencing treatment failure in Jiangsu province, China. Methods: The HIV/AIDS integrated prevention and control data information management system of China were used to collect the basic data of patients, blood specimens were collected from patients who had antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure with ≥12 months and older than 18 years in 2016 in Jiangsu, excluding cases with missing information, 713 cases were enrolled in this study. HIV-1 RNA was extracted, and then pol gene region was amplified and sequenced. The obtain sequences were submitted to Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database to interpret and analyse HIV-1 drug resistance and sub-types. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the related factors of drug resistance. Results: A total of 579 subjects were amplified successfully, male accounted for 85.66% (496 cases), and the median age was 39 years old. The main route of infection was sexual transmission (553 cases, 95.51%). A total of 331 patients with drug resistance gene mutation were detected, drug resistance mutation rate was 57.18%. Compared with patients with baseline CD4⁺T cell count >500 cells/μl, patients with CD4⁺T cell count in 201-500 cells/mm³ and ≤200 cells/μl had a higher incidence of genetic drug resistance, the odds ratio was 3.33 and 6.87, respectively. Compared with patients with treatment less than 24 months, patients treated for 25-48 months had a higher incidence of drug resistance, the odds ratio was 1.88. Compared with patients infected by CRF07_BC strains, patients infected by CRF01_AE strains were associated with higher incidence of drug resistance, the odds ratio was 2.22 and 3.32, respectively. Protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) were found in 3.80%, 33.16% and 53.37% of patients, respectively. 31.95% of patients harbored NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutations simultaneously. M184V/I and K103N/Q were the highest frequency of NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutation, the prevalence of M184V/I and K103N/Q were 28.15% and 22.28%, respectively. Conclusion The status of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are complex and diverse among patients experiencing failure of ART in Jiangsu. Patients with lower baseline CD4⁺T cell count, longer treatment time and HIV-1 CRF01_AE and B strains infection were associated with higher incidence of drug resistance mutation.

Objective:To analyze the HIV and HBV coinfection in HIV/AIDS cases who newly received highly active antiretroviral therapy during 2005-2019 in Jiangsu province.Methods:According to the base data of HIV/AIDS cases on HAART enrolled between January 2005 and December 2019; the National Information system was retrospectively collected for HIV/AIDS Control and Prevention of Chinese System Disease for Control and Prevention. Excel database was established, and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software. A Chi-square test was used to assess differences in rates of HBsAg testing and HIV/HBV coinfection between potential risk factors. The unconditional logistic regression model entered risk factors with P values <0.05 in the Chi-square test. Results:There were 29 288 HIV/AIDS cases newly received HAART during 2005-2019. The rate of HBsAg test was 49.8% (14 594/29 288) the rate of HBsAg test increased from 0.0% (0/80)to 75.2%(3 448/4 586), showing an increasing trend year by year during 2005 to 2019. Among HIV/AIDS cases tested HBsAg, 81.6% (11 915/14 594) cases were from Jiangsu province; the ratio of male to female was 7.34∶1 (12 845∶1 749), the average age was (38.5±13.8) years old, 96.1% (14 023/14 594) were Han nationality,48.9% (7 131/14 594) of the HIV/AIDS cases married, 97.9%(14 294/14 594) were infected with HIV through homosexual and heterosexual transmission. Unconditional logistic regression modeling showed that the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases initiated HAART in 2015 or after that, married, not Jiangsu province resident, college education or above, and drug injection infected were more likely to have HBsAg testing. 8.6%(95% CI:8.2%-9.1%) were HBsAg positive. The HIV and HBV coinfection rates were more than 10% before 2016 while showed stability from 6.7% to 8.2% since 2016. Unconditional logistic regression modeling showed that the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases who were male, elder, married, non-Han, primary education or below were more likely to have HBV coinfection. Conclusion:More HBsAg testing should be strengthened when the HIV/AIDS cases initiated HAART in Jiangsu province, 2005-2019.

Objective To analyze the five-year effectiveness of the people living with HIV/AIDS who initially received highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) in Jiangsu province.Methods HIV/AIDS initially received HAART from 1 Jan 2005 to 31 May 2014 in Jiangsu province with the CD 4 +T cell count tested in baseline ,6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were selected.According to their retrospectively collected baseline and follow-up data, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software to analyze the variation of CD 4 +T counts and its impact factors in different times after treatment initiation.Results A total of 200 patients were included.A total of 134 patients were men ,and 66 were women , the ratio of male to female was 2.03∶1; mean age was ( 39.7 ± 10.3) years old;69.0%(138/200) of the patients married;53.0%(106/200) as the most were infected with HIV through heterosexual transmission,and followed by men who have sex with men(MSM) (25.5%, 51/200);taken together as 78.5%( 157/200 ).58.5%( 117/200 ) were treated in the CDC .The mean (95%CI) baseline CD4 +T cell count of cases was 106.9(93.3-120.5) cells/μl;the CD4 +T count tested in 6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were 107.3,152.9,221.6, 260.0,281.3 and 316.4 cells/μl more than baseline respectively;the CD4 +T count after treatment initiation has increased over time(F=201.06,P<0.01).The mean(95%CI) CD4 +T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation can increase to 540.7(445.4-635.9) cells/μl with a baseline CD4 +T count more than 200 cells/μl, but in the subgroups with a baseline CD 4+T count less than or equal to 50 cells/μl, 51-100 cells/μl, 101-150 cells/μl and 151-200 cells/μl,it only can reach to 431.4(375.9-487.0),400.0 (339.9-460.2),380.3(330.6-430.0)and 412.1(369.3-454.8) cells/μl respectively.The mean (95%CI) CD4 +T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation with 1 baseline symptom categories can increase to 449.2(392.2-506.2)cells/μl, while 409.1 ( 317.8-500.5 ) cells/μl in the subgroup with baseline symptom categories more than or equal to 2.The CD4+T after treatment increased slowly associated with a lower baseline CD4 +T count level and more baseline symptom categories (F values were 3.96 and 2.35,P<0.01).Conclusion It has a remarkable effectiveness for HIV/AIDS treatment in Jiangsu province.The patients with a baseline CD 4 +T count more than 200 counts/μl have a better immune function recovery.

Objective To analyze the five-year effectiveness of the people living with HIV/AIDS who initially received highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) in Jiangsu province.Methods HIV/AIDS initially received HAART from 1 Jan 2005 to 31 May 2014 in Jiangsu province with the CD 4 +T cell count tested in baseline ,6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were selected.According to their retrospectively collected baseline and follow-up data, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software to analyze the variation of CD 4 +T counts and its impact factors in different times after treatment initiation.Results A total of 200 patients were included.A total of 134 patients were men ,and 66 were women , the ratio of male to female was 2.03∶1; mean age was ( 39.7 ± 10.3) years old;69.0%(138/200) of the patients married;53.0%(106/200) as the most were infected with HIV through heterosexual transmission,and followed by men who have sex with men(MSM) (25.5%, 51/200);taken together as 78.5%( 157/200 ).58.5%( 117/200 ) were treated in the CDC .The mean (95%CI) baseline CD4 +T cell count of cases was 106.9(93.3-120.5) cells/μl;the CD4 +T count tested in 6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were 107.3,152.9,221.6, 260.0,281.3 and 316.4 cells/μl more than baseline respectively;the CD4 +T count after treatment initiation has increased over time(F=201.06,P<0.01).The mean(95%CI) CD4 +T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation can increase to 540.7(445.4-635.9) cells/μl with a baseline CD4 +T count more than 200 cells/μl, but in the subgroups with a baseline CD 4+T count less than or equal to 50 cells/μl, 51-100 cells/μl, 101-150 cells/μl and 151-200 cells/μl,it only can reach to 431.4(375.9-487.0),400.0 (339.9-460.2),380.3(330.6-430.0)and 412.1(369.3-454.8) cells/μl respectively.The mean (95%CI) CD4 +T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation with 1 baseline symptom categories can increase to 449.2(392.2-506.2)cells/μl, while 409.1 ( 317.8-500.5 ) cells/μl in the subgroup with baseline symptom categories more than or equal to 2.The CD4+T after treatment increased slowly associated with a lower baseline CD4 +T count level and more baseline symptom categories (F values were 3.96 and 2.35,P<0.01).Conclusion It has a remarkable effectiveness for HIV/AIDS treatment in Jiangsu province.The patients with a baseline CD 4 +T count more than 200 counts/μl have a better immune function recovery.