Purpose To test the virus inactivation effect of water bath method at 60 ℃ for 10 hours and alcohol treatment for 3 hours which was used in the production of urinary trypsin inhibitor(UTI).Methods Sindbis virus,Pseudorabies virus(PRV) and poliovirus1(PV1) were used as indicated viruses in this test.After being added separately into the UTI raw material in 10% proportion,the viruses were treated with water bath at 60 ℃ for 10 hours and alcohol for 3 hours and then the samples of UTI were taken to inoculate the cell line for assay of cytopathic effect.Results The water bath at 60 ℃ for 10 hours could inactive Sindbis,PRV and PV1 in more than(6.503±0.102)LgTCID_(50),(6.42±0.158) LgTCID_(50) and(6.587±0.061)LgTCID_(50) respectively,and alcohol treatment for 3 hours could inactive Sindbis,PRV and PV1 in more than(5.88±0.204)LgTCID_(50),(6.378±0.268)LgTCID_(50) and(5.963±0.118) LgTCID_(50) respectively.No cytopathic effect was found in the cell line which was inoculated with treated samples after blind passage for three generations.Conclusion The water bath method at 60 ℃ for 10 hours and alcohol treatment for 3 hours which were used in the production of UTI had good effects on virus inactivation and the inactivation efficiency on Sindbis,PRV and PV1 was more than 6 LgTCID_(50)/mL.

Medically unexplained physical symptoms in patients are abbreviated to MUPS. At present, they are treated as psychological disorders. Beginning with the definition of MUPS and the influence to medical diagnosis and treatment, this article discusses on the countermeasure, patient management, medical practice and medical ed-ucation on the basis of etiology analysis and systematic assessment.

Objective To evaluate the safety,feasibility and value of treating familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection.Methods Thirty six patients with familial adenomatous polyposis from June 2009 to May 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.16 FAP patients underwent laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection and 20 FAP underwent traditional laparotomy.The clinical data,including short term follow up outcomes,safety,and recovery were analyzed retrospectively.Results Laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection was performed successfully on 16 patients without severe complications.The mean operation time of the laparoscopic group was (178 ± 33) min,the mean operative blood loss (72 ± 30)ml in the laparoseopic group were not significantly different when compared with the mean operation time (159 ± 24) min and the mean operative blood loss (110 ± 50) ml in the conventional group.Incision length (5.6 ± 1.1) cm,the intestinal function recovery time (2.7 ± 0.9) d,hospital stay after surgery (8.1 ± 1.6) d in the laparoseopic group were significantly different when compared with incision length (15.8 ± 1.8) cm,the intestinal recovery time (3.8 ±0.9) d,hospital stay after surgery (9.9 ± 1.6) d in the conventional group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no severe complications in neither group nor local recurrence,distant nletastases or death found during the follow-up of 6-56 months.Conclusions Laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection for FAP can be performed safely and effectively with the advantages of minimal invasion,quick recovery and good short term effect.

Objective To explore humam cytomegalovirus(HCMV) encoded microRNAs during latent infection in order to help study HCMV virology and latent infection mechanisms.Methods A model of HCMV latent infection via THP-1 cells infected with HCMV was constructed.Deep-sequencing was performed using high-resolution Solexa sequencing platform.The secondary structure of the newly sequenced miRNA was predicted by RNAFold bioinformatics software. Results HCMV encoded various miRNAs during latent infection, including miR-US25-2-3p, miR-US25-2-5p, miR-UL112, miR-US25-1, miR-UL22A and PC-5p-148467 with a predicted length of 25 bp, named hcmv-miR-US33as-5p.Conclusion HCMV can express many types of miRNAs during latent infection.

Objective To study the effect of HCV receptors′sequence on virus entry based on the two-dimensional structure and via tandem expression of HCV receptors on mouse hepatocytes.Methods The construced recombinant expression vectors pCDH-hLDLR-hSR-BⅠ-hCD81-GFP, pCDH-hLDLR-hCD81-hSR-BⅠ and pCDH-hCLDN-1-hOCLN-DsRed were cotransfected into 293FT cells with package vectors.The collected recombinant lentivirus expressing hCLDN-1-hOCLN was concentrated and attacked mouse hepatocytes.The transgenic mouse hepatocytes with tandem overexpression of CLDN-1 and OCLN were established after G418-selection.The transduced cells LSCCO/Hepa1-6 and LCSCO/Hepa1-6 were sorted via flow cytometry and puro-G418-selection after recombinant lentivirus expressing hLDLR-hSR-BⅠ-hCD81 and hLDLR-hCD81-hSR-BⅠattacked Hepa1-6 respectively.The infectivity of transduced mouse hepatocytes LSCCO/Hepa1-6 and LCSCO/Hepa1-6 to HCV was analyzed via direct-infection of serum-derived virus.Furthermore, the effect of HCV receptors′sequence on virus entry was studied.Results Both LSCCO/Hepa1-6 and LCSCO/Hepa1-6 enhanced HCV-cell binding.The transduced mouse hepatocytes LSCCO/Hepa1-6 had more HCV endocytosis.Conclusion SR-BⅠhas priority over CD81 in HCV entry in the early stage.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children with infectious exanthems and to accumulate clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The data of the community acquired pneumonia patients with infectious exanthems in Oingdao Women and Children′s Hospital were collected retrospectively from September 2013 to August 2020 and the clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results:A total of 455 cases were included, and there were 273 boys(60.0%)and 182 girls(40.0%). A total of 106 cases were grouped into the severe group(23.3%)and 349 cases were grouped into the non-severe group(76.7%). The median age was 16.0(9.0, 42.0)months.The exanthems occurred in day(6.9±5.2)d after the beginning of pneumonia.The duration of exanthems was(6.0±3.1)days.The exanthems was polymorphic and non-specific.The detection rate of influenza B virus was highest, including 91 cases(20.0%), followed by 85 cases of MP infection(18.7%), 50 cases(11.0%)of EBV reactivation infection.The median age, hospitalization time, fever time, exanthems appearance time, exanthems duration and the rate of the rash appears in the second fever course, CRP elevation, PCT elevation, IgE elevation, MP infection and reactivation of EB virus in the severe group were higher than those of non-severe group, and the differences were statistically significant( U=13 467.0, t=6.500, 4.923, 3.098, 2.998, χ2=13.445, 15.391, 8.208, 5.313, 29.839, 13.474, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that poor general conditions, extrapulmonary complications, decreased respiratory tone and recurrent fever accompanied by exanthems were independent risk factors. Conclusion:A non-specific infective rash associated with the course of the hospitalized CAP has some implications for the assessment of severity and etiology.

Objective To explore expression and significance of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in pituitary adenomas.Methods A total of 100 tissue samples of patients with pituitary adenomas were selected and divided into invasive pituitary adenomas group (n =63) and non-pituitary adenomas group (n =37) according to aggressive condition,and 50 healthy people were selected as control group.The expression of GDF-15 was compared among the three groups,and the correlation between GDF-15 and the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas was analyzed.Results The level of GDF-15 in patients with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas and growth hormone adenomas was significantly higher than that of patients with non-functional pituitary adenomas (P ＜ 0.05).The level of GDF-15 in the invasive pituitary adenomas group was significantly higher than the non-invasive group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between GDF-15 and invasive pituitary adenomas (r =0.328,P =0.001).Conclusion In patients with pituitary adenomas,the expression of GDF-15 is higher,and there is a correlation between the GDF-15 level and the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas.

Objective To explore expression and significance of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in pituitary adenomas.Methods A total of 100 tissue samples of patients with pituitary adenomas were selected and divided into invasive pituitary adenomas group (n =63) and non-pituitary adenomas group (n =37) according to aggressive condition,and 50 healthy people were selected as control group.The expression of GDF-15 was compared among the three groups,and the correlation between GDF-15 and the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas was analyzed.Results The level of GDF-15 in patients with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas and growth hormone adenomas was significantly higher than that of patients with non-functional pituitary adenomas (P ＜ 0.05).The level of GDF-15 in the invasive pituitary adenomas group was significantly higher than the non-invasive group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between GDF-15 and invasive pituitary adenomas (r =0.328,P =0.001).Conclusion In patients with pituitary adenomas,the expression of GDF-15 is higher,and there is a correlation between the GDF-15 level and the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas.

Objective:To determine and optimize the radiation quality of the calibration system for mammography dosimeters in IAEA/WHO Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory and to study the requirements for accuracy of thickness of the aluminum sheets used in the measurement, with a view to ensure the accuracy of the radiation quality.Methods:For the measurements of tube voltage and RQR-M radiation quality, a standard kV meter was used to determine the actual tube voltage value of the system under continuous exposure for 30 s by setting tube voltage of 25, 28, 30 and 35 kV, respectively, and aluminum sheet method was used to determine the first half value layer (HVL 1). The kV values were adjusted to make the reading of the standard kV meter as close as possible to its nominal value, so as to obtain the set kV value, actual tube voltage and HVL 1 per 1 kV within the nominal 25-35 kV range. For effects of different thickness of aluminum sheets on the result of HVL 1 measurement, a comparison was made between HVL 1 measured by aluminum sheet with thickness of 0.318 mm and 0.369 mm and HVL 1 measured under 18 different groups of aluminum sheet using a selected 30 kV tube voltage. Results:After the set kV values were adjusted, the actual tube voltage deviations from the nominal values under 25, 28, 30 and 35 kV were reduced from 0.55, 0.34, 0.33, 0.30 to 0.04, 0.02, -0.04, -0.01, and the HVL 1 deviations were reduced from 0.011, 0.007, 0.010, 0.012 to 0.000, 0.003, 0.003, 0.010, respectively. When the thickness differences between the two types of aluminum sheet and the reference HVL 1 were both within 0.1 mm, the deviations of the measured HVL 1 were all less than 0.01 mm Al, and the result was relatively accurate. However, when the differences exceeded that of 0.1 mm, most of the deviations of the measured HVL 1 were between 0.01 and 0.02 mm Al, and the measured result was not accurate. Conclusions:Although the RQR-M radiation quality of the calibration system was deviated, it is still within the range specified under the IEC 61267-2005. The radiation quality was closer to the standard values after fine-tuning the system tube voltage. In order to measure the HVL 1 more accurately, the thickness differences between the used aluminum sheet and nominal HVL 1 should not be greater than 0.1 mm Al.

Objective To evaluate the radiation protection of “four-in-one” dental X-ray equipment and to investigate the safety interlock of the equipment by measuring the scattered radiation at the position of the patient during operation. Methods A cone-beam CT dental phantom was used to simulate the patient’s head. The intra-oral and extra-oral components of the “four-in-one” X-ray equipment were installed in a 5 m² room. The scattered radiation at patient position was measured using a γ/X-ray survey meter, and the effects of intra-oral and extra-oral components were compared. Results For a 5 m² room, when CBCT was exposed under typical conditions, the dose at the patient's position was 10.70 uSv/h when there was an intra-oral component and 10.60 uSv/h when there was no intraoral component. The intra-oral part did not affect the radiation dose at the patient's position. When the intra-oral component was exposed, the dose rate at the patient's position was 4.05-6.85 uSv/h, and the extra-oral part did not affect the scattered dose of the patient examined with intra-oral components. Conclusion The evaluation of radiation protection of new equipment must comprehensively consider radiation safety and equipment operation safety. The results of this study provide suggestions for clinical radiation protection supervision and evaluation of “four-in-one” dental X-ray equipment.