1.Comparative Study on the Content of Microelement Cu, Zn and Mn in Eye Tissue of Rats Treated by Rhi-zoma Corydalis before and after Vinegar Processing
Meng JIANG ; Xiongjie SUN ; Wei FU ; Miaomiao LIU ; Shuiqing LI ; Yanju LIU
China Pharmacist 2015;(2):220-222
Objective:To study the influence of Rhizoma Corydalis before and after vinegar processing on the microelement content in the eye tissues of rats to verify the vinegar processing leading the herb to liver meridian. Methods: The rats were divided into the crude Corydalis group, vinegar processing group and negative group. The content of microelement Cu, Zn and Mn in rat ocular tissues was determined and compared after the administration. Results:Corydalis could significantly increase the content of Cu and Zn in fun-dus blood and that of Zn and Mn in the eyeball vitreous, and Rhizoma Corydalis after vinegar processing showed more obvious effect. Conclusion:Rhizoma Corydalis with vinegar processing can improve the distribution of microelements in eye tissues, and because liver opens at eyes, the results provide evidence for Corydalis after vinegar processing leading to liver meridian.
2. Pharmacological Activation of RXR-α Promotes Hematoma Absorption via a PPAR-γ-dependent Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Chaoran XU ; Huaijun CHEN ; Shengjun ZHOU ; Chenjun SUN ; Xiaolong XIA ; Yucong PENG ; Jianfeng ZHUANG ; Xiongjie FU ; Hanhai ZENG ; Hang ZHOU ; Yang CAO ; Qian YU ; Yin LI ; Libin HU ; Guoyang ZHOU ; Feng YAN ; Gao CHEN ; Jianru LI
Neuroscience Bulletin 2021;37(10):1412-1426
Endogenously eliminating the hematoma is a favorable strategy in addressing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study sought to determine the role of retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) in the context of hematoma absorption after ICH. Our results showed that pharmacologically activating RXR-α with bexarotene significantly accelerated hematoma clearance and alleviated neurological dysfunction after ICH. RXR-α was expressed in microglia/macrophages, neurons, and astrocytes. Mechanistically, bexarotene promoted the nuclear translocation of RXR-α and PPAR-γ, as well as reducing neuroinflammation by modulating microglia/macrophage reprograming from the M1 into the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, all the beneficial effects of RXR-α in ICH were reversed by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. In conclusion, the pharmacological activation of RXR-α confers robust neuroprotection against ICH by accelerating hematoma clearance and repolarizing microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ-related mechanisms. Our data support the notion that RXR-α might be a promising therapeutic target for ICH.
3.Pharmacological Activation of RXR-α Promotes Hematoma Absorption via a PPAR-γ-dependent Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Chaoran XU ; Huaijun CHEN ; Shengjun ZHOU ; Chenjun SUN ; Xiaolong XIA ; Yucong PENG ; Jianfeng ZHUANG ; Xiongjie FU ; Hanhai ZENG ; Hang ZHOU ; Yang CAO ; Qian YU ; Yin LI ; Libin HU ; Guoyang ZHOU ; Feng YAN ; Gao CHEN ; Jianru LI
Neuroscience Bulletin 2021;37(10):1412-1426
Endogenously eliminating the hematoma is a favorable strategy in addressing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study sought to determine the role of retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) in the context of hematoma absorption after ICH. Our results showed that pharmacologically activating RXR-α with bexarotene significantly accelerated hematoma clearance and alleviated neurological dysfunction after ICH. RXR-α was expressed in microglia/macrophages, neurons, and astrocytes. Mechanistically, bexarotene promoted the nuclear translocation of RXR-α and PPAR-γ, as well as reducing neuroinflammation by modulating microglia/macrophage reprograming from the M1 into the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, all the beneficial effects of RXR-α in ICH were reversed by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. In conclusion, the pharmacological activation of RXR-α confers robust neuroprotection against ICH by accelerating hematoma clearance and repolarizing microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ-related mechanisms. Our data support the notion that RXR-α might be a promising therapeutic target for ICH.
Anilides/pharmacology*
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Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy*
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Hematoma/drug therapy*
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Humans
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Macrophages
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Microglia
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Neuroprotection
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PPAR gamma
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Retinoid X Receptor alpha