Objective To study whether RHD gene exists multiple mRNA produced by alternative splicing. Method RhD mRNA was analyzed through reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and cDNA sequencing in 4 individuals with different Rh phenotypes (CcDDEe、CCDDee、CcDDee and ccDdee). Results The individuals with different Rh phenotypes had identical and intricate RhD mRNA isolations, which included normal mRNA, and 4 other transcripts with deletions of exon 7, exon 9, exon 7 and 9, and exon 7 to 9. Those transcripts had the same sequences as normal RhD mRNA except exon(s) deletion, which showed RHD gene existed alternative splicing, and it happened in exons or introns 7-9 regions. Conclusion There are intricate and different cassette-exons RhD transcripts produced through alternatively spliced exons 7 to 9. And those RhD mRNA isolations might code proteins with different C-terminus.

Objective To establish a RHD genotyping method specific for the Chinese. Methods Six pairs of primers specific for most alleles found in the Chinese according to the records in NCBI GenBank, were designed, and a multi-tube sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) method was established with a pair of internal control primer in each reaction. The method was evaluated with samples serologically determined and full length RHD sequenced from 89 Rh-negative, 28 D el, and 13 Rh-positive, weak D and partial D phenotype of Chinese Hans. Furthermore, 318 random samples from blood donors were genotyped and the results were compared with serological results of those samples. Results The PCR-SSP results were in concordance with serological results (100%) in all samples, and all RHD positive, D antigen negative alleles (or nonfunctional alleles) observed in the Chinese up to now could be detected or implicated, including D el phenotype especially D el allele existing in Rh-positive individuals (RHD/RHD1227A). This genotype was detected with a rate of 8/318, and allele frequency should be 0.012579 Conclusion Our method is rapid and easy, with high accuracy in the testing of the Chinese.

The whole length of exon 11 of BRCA1 was sequenced (total 3427 bp) in 59 patients and 10 healthy female blood donors. To allow a rapid determination of the different BRCA1 alleles, a sequence-specific primer PCR method (PCR-SSP) was established and was applied to 57 additional female donors. Finally, the full-length coding region of BRCA1 was analyzed through reversed-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and cDNA sequencing (total 5554 bp) in one donor with wild-type allele and 2 patients with one or two mutated alleles. By genomic DNA sequencing, 5 homozygous polymorphisms were observed in 18 patients: 2201C>T, 2430T>C, 2731C>T, 3232A>G and 3667A>G All of them were previously observed in Caucasians, Malay and Chinese, but for the first time the mutations were found in one allele (GenBank AY304547). Twenty-six patients and 4 donors were heterozygous at these 5 nucleotide positions. The remaining 15 patients and 6 donors showed a sequence identical with the standard BRCA1 gene. Combined the PCR-SSP results and in a summary, 6 of 67 (9.0 %) healthy individuals were homozygous for the mutated allele, whereas 18 of 59 (30.5 %) breast cancer patients were homozygous. A Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between homozygous mutated BRCA1 allele and breast cancer. The cDNA sequencing showed that 2 additional mutations, 4427T>C in exon 13 and 4956A>G in exon 16, were found. A new BRCA1 allele, which is BRCAI-2201T/2430C/2731T/3232G/3667G/4427C/4956G (GenBank AY751490), was found in Chinese. And the homozygote of this mutated allele may implicate a disease-association in Chinese.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza-like cases in 2011-2022 in Nanchang, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of school influenza outbreaks. 　　　Methods The epidemiological relevant data of school influenza-like cases from 2011 to 2022 in Nanchang and the pathogen test results of respiratory tract samples were collected for epidemiological and etiology analysis. Results　From 2011 to 2022, a total of 142 influenza-like cases were reported in schools in Nanchang, with a cumulative morbidity of 2 880 cases and a morbidity rate of 1.89%. A total of 1 263 samples were collected, with an overall positive influenza nucleic acid detection rate of 58.91%. The highest proportion of outbreaks occurred in 2017-2019, while the lowest incidence was in 2011-2013. Outbreaks mainly occurred from November to March of the following year (accounting for 79.58%), presenting obvious seasonal characteristics. The distribution was mainly in primary schools, accounting for 70.42% (100/142) of all outbreaks. From 2011 to 2022, all types of influenza viruses were tested, and more than 2 types of influenza viruses were prevalent each year. The dominant strains alternated between influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and Victoria lineages of type B influenza viruses. From 2011 to 2019, the influenza epidemic in schools in Nanchang showed a continuous upward trend. During COVID-19 in 2020-2022, Nanchang adopted a variety of non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19, and both the number of influenza epidemics in various schools and the number of influenza virus nucleic acid positive cases decreased. The average number of classes involved in the epidemic was (3±2), and the average duration of the epidemic was (8±4) days. 　Conclusions The outbreaks of influenza-like illness in Nanchang schools is highly prevalent in winter and spring, , with urban primary schools being the high incidence locations. Non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19 have an impact on the epidemic trend of influenza, so the continuous monitoring of the school influenza virus activities and improving the timeliness of the report will be conducive to the rapid control of the epidemic.

This study was purposed to confirm the practical efficacy of reducing indicating germs suspended in plasma by riboflavin and photosensitized inactivation and to evaluate its influence on activation of apheresis platelet concentrates. The synergistic effects of riboflavin combined with ultraviolet irradiation on inactivation of germs were investigated by using Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus) as Gram⁻ and Gram(+) indicating germs, respectively. The activation status of apheresis-platelet concentrates treated with riboflavin combined with ultraviolet irradiation was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that when 50 μmol/L of riboflavin was combined with 6.2 J/ml of ultraviolet irradiation, the T/E ratios reached 1.42 for E. coli and 1.68 for S. Aureus, and reduction of E. Coli and S. Aureus were 3.87 Logs and 3.82 Logs respectively; the CD62p expression level on germ-inactivated platelets stored at 22 degrees C for 0 and 5 days were 4.92% and 36.18% respectively, which slightly increased as compared with controls (3.94% and 32.03)% (p < 0.05). It is concluded that combination of riboflavin with ultraviolet irradiation displays well synergistic effects which can reduce E. Coli and S. Aureus counts, but no significantly influence on platelets. The partial activation of liquid platelets mainly presents metabolism damage during storage, which is found at an acceptable level.
Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Humans ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Photosensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Platelet Count ; Plateletpheresis ; methods ; Riboflavin ; pharmacology ; Ultraviolet Rays

The study was purposed to analyze DNA and allele structure of the partial D phenotypes D(Va) and D(VI) of the Rhesus blood group in Chinese. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct genomic DNA sequencing, the RHD gene was detected in three weak D individuals identified serologically. The results showed that among the three weak D individuals, one was identified as partial D phenotype D(Va) (Hus) type and genotyped DccEe; another two were testified as D(VI) III type and genotyped DCcee. Moreover, the breakpoints of the replaced region by RHCE in D(Va) (Hus) were 5' end of the exon 5 and 3' end of the intron 5, and there were 7 novel polymorphisms in intron 5: 23-25(GCA)2, 98G>A, 168-169insG, 205-206insT, 494-495insA, 1256-1257insC, 1347G>T. In conclusion the whole exon 5 and intron 5 are replaced by RHCE in D(Va) (Hus) detected in Chinese.
China ; Exons ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the pathogenicity of transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) infection and assess the effect of genciclovir on TTV.Methods Serum TTV-DNA from 968 neonates was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction technique and electropherosis. Alanine aminotrans ferase (ALT) and direct bilirubin (DB) were assayed in neonates with positive TTV-DNA.Genciclovir[10 mg/(kg?d)]was used to treat neonates with TTV-induced hepatitis.Results Among 968 neonates, 38 had positive TTV-DNA (4.0%). All neonates with positive TTV-DNA had normal serum levels of ALT and DB [(24.8?12.0) U/L and (17.6?6.8) ?mo l/L] 3 days after birth;But an elevated ALT and DB level [(95.5?16.4) U/L and (58.2?10.4) ?mol/L] occurred in 15 of them 2 weeks after birth,and were diagnosed as TTV-induced hepatitis.These patients had hypersomnia,jaundice and anorexia. Serum ALT and DB levels recovered to normal range one week after genciclovir therapy in 11 patients,so did the other 4 patients after 2 weeks therapy with genciclovir. Serum TTV-DNAs in all patients became negative 2 weeks after genciclovir therapy.Conclusion TTV infection exists in the neonates, and may be one of important causes of neonatal hepatitis.genciclovir might have a good anti-TTV effect.

Objective To study the effects of cluster nursing intervention on dysuria in hospitalized patients after renal biopsy. Methods A total of 106 hospitalized patients undergoing renal biopsy during April. 2016 to September. 2016 were divided into control group (50 cases) and experimental group (56 cases) by random number table method. The control group were implemented with traditional methods of care and the experimental group were implemented with cluster nursing intervention.The incidence of dysuria, first average urination time and post-operative urination pattern were compared between two groups. Results The incidence of dysuria in the experimental group was 10.7%(6/56), which was significantly lower than 28.0% (14/50) of the control group (χ2=5.156, P<0.05).The first average urination time of experimental group was (2.95±1.17) hours, which was lower than (5.04±2.27) hours of the control group (t =5.401, P<0.05). The proportion of patients with post-operative self-urination in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2=6.152, P<0.05). Conclusions Cluster nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of dysuria, shorten the first average urination time, promote post-operative self-urination of patients after renel biopsy and enhance comfort.

A UPLC-MS/MS method based on metabonomic skills was developed to study the serum metabolic changes of rats after acute liver injury induced by CCl4 and to evaluate the action mechanism of Si-Ni-San. The integrated data were exported for principal components analysis (PCA) by using SIMCA-P software, in order to find the potential biomarkers. It showed that clear separation of healthy control group, model group, silymarin group, Si-Ni-San group was achieved by using the PCA method. Nine significantly changed metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of acute liver injury. Compared with the health control group, the model group rats showed higher levels of phenylalanine, tryptophan and GCDCA together with lower levels of LPC 16 : 0, LPC 18 : 0, LPC 18 : 1, LPC 16 : 1, LPC 20 : 4 and LPC 22 : 6. These changes of serum metabolites suggested that the disorders of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and anti-oxidative damage were related to acute liver injury induced by CCl4. Si-Ni-San might have the anti-liver injury effect on all these four metabolic pathways.

Objective:The research aimed to figure out the geographic availability of the residence in the aspect of receiving health service thereby studying the spatial distribution regulation and the distance attenuation coefficient of the inpatients.It also provides the decision-making basis for the regional health planning.Methods: Select 23 medical institutions and randomly pick up patients from each of them, calculate the distance between the inpatients home and the medical institutions, then simulate the corresponding probability patients using the Geographical Infor-mation System ( GIS) .Perform a variety of curve fitting models according to the determination and simulation graph-ics coefficient choosing the most appropriate model, and draw corresponding the distance attenuation coefficient.Re-sults:An exponential curve model is better than power curve model for the secondary medical institutions inpatients distribution and contrarily for those in the tertiary medical institutions.The mean distance attenuation coefficient was 0.51 for exponential curve model of secondary comprehensive medical institutions inpatients and its average was 0.50 for the secondary specialist medical institutions inpatients.The mean distance attenuation coefficient was 0.84 for the power curve model of the tertiary comprehensive medical institutions inpatient and its average was 0.53 for tertiary specialist medical institutions inpatients.Conclusion: The secondary medical institutions inpatient probable attenua-tion trends with distance are faster than in tertiary medical institutions, those for the comprehensive medical institu-tions inpatient are faster than in the specialist medical institutions.In the regional health planning, for different lev-els, categories of medical institutions should adopt different distance attenuation coefficients to calculate the health re-sources level.