Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of umbilical cord ligation in the fetocide of complicated monochorionic multiple gestations.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,clinical data of 18 women with complicated monochorionic multiple gestations who experienced intrauterine percutaneous umbilical cord ligation in Peking University Third Hospital were collected.Among the patients,6 were selective intrauterine growth restriction (1 with type Ⅰ,4 with type Ⅱ,1 with type Ⅲ) ; 4 were acrania or hydropic twins; 4 were aeardiac twins,2 were complicated triplet gestation; 1 was twin-twin transfusion syndrome with right ventricular dysplasia and 1 was monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) with caesarean section history.The procedure was performed under both endoscopic and sonographic guidance.The gestational age at the time of the procedure were 17-27 +6 weeks.The procedure and perinatal outcome were analyzed.Results (1) The procedure was performed successfully in all the 18 cases.The average duration of the procedure was 63 min (24-156 min).The blood loss was 7.6 ml (5-20 ml).The mean gestational age at the time of the procedure was 20 weeks (17-27 +6 weeks).The average birth weight of the neonates was 2441 g(1000-3400 g).(2) There were 20 fetuses survived.Two fetuses had cardiac anomalies and were terminated in the following 2-3 weeks.Intrauterus fetal demise occured in 3 twin reverse arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAP) cases 3-14 weeks after the procedure.1 case delivered as early preterm birth at 28 weeks and the neonate died of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and hypoxie-ischemicencephalopathy (HIE).Fourteen neonates were in healthy and normal development by 3-51 months' followup.(3) Fourteen cases delivered at more than 28 weeks (28-38 weeks,averagely 33 + 1 weeks).The gestational weeks were prolonged by 5-21 weeks (averagely 13 +4 weeks).Among them,3 case were early preterm birth (28-33 weeks) and 3 were late preterm birth (34-36 weeks).Conclusion Percutaneous umbilical cord ligation is a reliable technique for the fetocide of complicated monochrionic mutilple gestations,especially for monochronic monoamniotie pregnancies.

Objective To study the clinical effect of fetoscopic laser occlusion of chorioangiopagous vessels (FLOC) in treating twin to twin transfusion syndrome.Methods The clinical data of 44 consecutive cases of twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who had FLOC in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Peking University Third Hospital were reviewed and analyzed for perioperative complications,perinatal outcomes and fetal survival rate.Results (1) Patient characteristics:the mean maternal age was (29±4) years,the median gestational age at TTFS being primarily diagnosed was 20.4 weeks,the median gestational age at FLOC was 21.2 weeks.According to the Quintero staging system,there were 9 cases had stages progressed before the operation.(2) FLOC parameter and intraoperative complications:44 cases all could tolerate the operation; there was 1 case of placenta vascular rupture in the operation,no fetal body injury by laser or placental abruption.3 cases underwent cervical cerclage following FLOC.The average operation time of 41 cases alone with FLOC was (60.1± 15.1) minutes.(3) Postoperative complications:the rate of intrauterine fetal death was 15％ (13/88),the rate of intrauterine growth restriction after FLOC was 5％ (4/88),the rate of membranes rupture less than 28 weeks was 16％ (7/44),the rate of TAPS after FLOC was 5％ (2/44),the rate of membrane sepration after FLOC was 5％ (2/44).(4) Perinatal outcome and survival rate:there were 25 patients after FLOC had delivered in the perinatal period.The average gestational age of delivery was (33.5±2.7) weeks.The donor fetuses survival rate was 88％ (22/25),the recipient fetuses survival rate was 100％ (25/25).The birth weight of donor fetuses was significantly less than that of recipient fetuses (1 631g vs 2 071 g,P=0.016).From Quintero staging Ⅰ to Ⅳ,the rate that 44 cases of TTTS had entered the perinatal period was 4/7,11/14,7/19,3/4; both twins survival rates were 4/7,10/14,5/19,3/4; all the fetal survival rate was 8/14,75％ (21/28),32％ (12/38),6/8,respectively.(5) Compared the early stage (Ⅰ + Ⅱ) with the advanced stage (Ⅲ + Ⅳ),the rates that 44 cases of TTTS had entered the perinatal period (71％ vs 44％) and that both twins survived (67％ vs 35％) had no statistically significance.The rate that all the fetus survived in the early stage was significantly (69％ vs 39％) more than that in the advanced stage.(6) All the cases of neoborn were followed up till 1 month postpartum,the donor fetuses and the recipient fetuses had 12 and 5 cases of cardiac abnormalities respectively,each had 1 case of neonatal death and 2 cases of neonatal white matter damage.Conclusions FLOC for TTTS is associated with a better survival rate.Quintero staging probably does not effectively predict the fetal diagnosis of TTTS after FLOC.When TTTS diagnosed,the sooner FLOC given,the better fetal prognosis had.

Objective To summarize the treatments and perinatal outcomes of patients with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).Methods Seventy one cases of TTTS hospitalized in Peking University Third Hospital from January 1,2007 to December 31,2012 were included into the study.They were treated with expectant therapy,amnioreduction,laser surgery or selective fetal reduction.The relationship between outcomes and different staging or treatment procedures of these cases were retrospectively analyzed,and the differences were compared by analysis of variances,Chi-square test and nonparametric test.Results Twenty-five cases received expectant treatment.The rate that at least one baby survived more than 30 days was 32％ (8/25),and 5/15 of the live babies had neonatal brain injury.Sixteen cases received amnioreduction,of which the rate that at least one baby survived more than 30 days was 4/16,and 3/15 of the live babies had brain injury.Twenty-five cases received fetoscopic laser coagulation of vascular anastomoses.The rate that at least one baby survived more than 30 days was 60％ (15/25),which was higher than that of the expectant group and amnioreduction group (x2=4.938,P=0.045 and x2=5.056,P=0.043) ; the brain injury rate among the live babies was 7％ (2/28),which was lower than that of the expectant group (x2=4.702,P=0.040),but similar to the amnioreduction group (x2=1.490,P=0.320).Five patients received selective fetal reduction operation.Among which,one received fetoscopic cord ligation and delivered one healthy baby; the other four cases received radio frequency ablation,after which one was aborted and three delivered at full term.The rate that at least one baby survived more than 30 days was 12/18 in 18 cases with stage Ⅰ TTTS,which was better than that in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ (4/17 and 6/18) (x2=4.933 and 2.778,both P＜0.05).The rate that at least one baby survived more than 30 days in stage Ⅳ cases was only half of that in stage Ⅰ (6/18 vs 12/18),and the brain injury rate among the live babies was 4/12,similar to that in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ [16％ (4/25),0/14 and 2/11,x2=5.361,P=0.118].Conclusion The prognosis of TTTS is very poor,early diagnosis and early treatment could improve the outcomes.Fetoscopic laser coagulation ensures a relatively higher survival rate and low brain injury rate for TTTS.

Objective To detect the expression and potential correlation of ERK1 and P16 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor group and in control group.Methods Tissue chip and immunohistochemistry Elivison were used to detect the expression of ERK1 and P16 in 40 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and 40 cases of control tissues.Quantitative analysis of mean absorbent density of the expression of ERK1 and P16 was conducted with image analytic software.Results The expressions of ERK was higher in GIST group than that in control group(P

Background and purpose:Breast cancer is one of the most common carcinoma among female patients with high mortalities. Drug-resistance is the major reason that leads to chemotherapy failure in clinical practice. MCF-7/ADR is a multi-drug resistant cell line that was established on the basis of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This research aimed to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of c-fos in resistant breast cancer cell MCF-7/ADR, and to compare with its sensitive counterpart MCF-7.Methods:Doxorubicin with various concentrations was used to treat MCF-7 as well as its MDR- counterpart MCF-7/ADR. The growth inhibitory rate of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR wasdetermined by MTT assay. Additionally, RT-PCR was used to test the expression of P-gp and c-fos mRNA in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR; The expression of c-fos mRNA was detected by RT-PCR after 3 μmol doxorubicin treatment;We further established cell lines that stably interfered with c-fos, named MCF-7/ADR/si-fos-8B, MCF-7/ADR/si-fos-3D. Flow cytometry and MTT assay were used to investigate the apoptosis rate and inhibitory rate in these above cells under the treatment of 5-FU, CDDP or γ-radiation. At last, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of bax, bcl-2, puma, p53.Results:The expression of c-fos and P-gp (MDR-1) was up-regulated in MCF-7/ADR, compared with its sensitive counterpart MCF-7. Additionally, the resistant fold of MCF-7/ADR to doxorubicin was nearly 40; The expression of c-fos was gradually up-regulated after 3 μmol doxorubicin treatment; The sensitivity to drugs (5-FU and CDDP) was increased after c-fos interference while the apoptosis rate was also increased after 5-FU, CDDP and γ-radiation treatment. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that up-regulation ofbax,puma,p53 after c-fos interference while the expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated.Conclusion:c-fos may act as an anti-apoptotic protein in resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR by regulating the expression of apoptosis related proteins, and may play a vital role in the formation of multi-drug resistance phenotype.

Objective To observe the corneal nerve fibres damage in different stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with type 2 diabetes.Methods A cross-sectional study.One hundred and twenty eyes of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes served as diabetes group.According to International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scales (2002),diabetes patients were classified into 4 subgroups:patients without diabetic retinopathy (NDR),patients with mild or moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (mNPDR),patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (sNPDR) and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR),each subgroup has 30 eyes of 30 patients.Another 30 eyes of 30 healthy participants served as control group.All eyes were scanned with HRT3 in vivo corneal confocal microscopy.Images of sub-basal nerve plexus were quantified including nerve fiber length (NFL),nerve fiber density (NFD),nerve fiber branch density (NFB),and nerve tortuosity (NT).The correlations of corneal nerve fiber with age,duration of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 c) were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.Results NFL,NFD and NFB were found to be significantly lower in diabetic patients (F=147.315,142.586,65.898;P=0.000,0.000,0.000),NT was significantly greater in diabetic patients (F=39.431,P=0.000),when compared to control group.In diabetic patients,NFL,NFD and NFB were gradually reduced with DR severity,NT was gradually increased with DR severity.While the difference ofNFL,NFD,NFB,NT was not statistically significant between sNPDR and PDR subgroups (P＞.0.05),but was statistically significant between other subgroups (P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis results showed that age (r=-0.071,-0.080,0.001,0.100;P=0.391,0.328,0.991,0.224) and HbAlc (r=-0.109,-0.115,-0.126,0.025;P=0.238,0.211,0.169,0.781) had no correlation with NFL,NFD,NFB,NT.Duration of diabetes was negatively correlated with the NFL,NFD (r=-0.212,-0.264;P=0.020,0.004),positive correlated with NT (r=0.261,P=0.004),and had no correlation with NFB (r=-0.119,P=0.194).Conclusions Corneal nerve fiber loss and nerve tortuosity increased were found in patients with type 2 diabetes,and even without diabetic retinopathy.The progress of corneal neuropathy was correlated with the severity of DR,but it was not change significantly between sNPDR and PDR.

During the course of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treatment, meibomian gland massage is an effective auxiliary method. Based on an extrusion method using anti-phase massage rollers and a theory on envelope plane, a massage mechanism was proposed in this paper for the defect of the traditional mechanical assist massage structure to discharge obstruction of Meibomian gland more smoothly and to enlarge massage coverage. Meanwhile, for the case that the power of motor was significantly limited by size, an evaluation, about the input, output and loss, was carried out to initially verify the feasibility of the designed mechanism.
Eyelid Diseases ; therapy ; Humans ; Massage ; instrumentation ; Meibomian Glands

Objective To investigate the role of negative-regulatory factors of toll-like receptors (TLRs)signal pathways in immunological pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods Thirty-two chil- dren with Kawasaki disease and 16 age-matched healthy children were studied.Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR)and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), MD-2,MyD88,IRAK-4,TRAF6,T1/ST2,IRAK-M,Triad 3A,and proinflammatory factors such as IL-1?, IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-?,in peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages(MC).The expression of TLR4 protein in MC was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results①Compared with the control group,the mRNA levels of TLR4, MD-2,MyD88,IRAK-4 and TRAF6 in KD group were up-regulated significantly(P＜0.01),and the expression level of TLR4 protein was also found to be up-regulated in KD group during acute phase.It was detected that expression levels of TLR4 protein in KD with coronary artery lesion(KD-CAL~+)was significantly higher than that of KD without coronary artery lesion(KD-CAL-)[flow cytometry:(6.5?1.7)% vs(11.9_+2.4)%,P＜0.01].②The expression level of negative-regulatory factors such as IRAK-M and Triad3A were significantly up-regulat- ed in acute phase of Kawasaki disease,while the mRNA levels of IRAK-M and Triad3A in KD-CAL~+ group was found to be significantly lower than those of KD-CAL~- group(P＜0.01).No difference of T1/ST2 mRNA expres sion level was detected among all groups(P＞0.05).③The expressions of proinflammatory eytokines such as IL-1?, IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-?in monoeytes/macrophages during acute phase of Kawasaki disease were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01),and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in KD-CAL~+ group was significantly higher than that of KD-CAL~- group.Conclusion Relative insufficient expression of negative-regulatory factors, such as IRAK-M and Triad3A,maybe correlate with immunological pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) and the effect of low-dose glucocorticoid on prognosis of CIRCI in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: Since January 2010 to December 2012, 385 patients, who met the criteria of AECOPD, were enrolled in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital and Municipal Central Hospital of Xiangtan City. The AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI screened by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test within 12 hours after admission to ICU were divided into a treatment group (n=32) and a control group (n=31) for a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Hydrocortisone (150 mg/d) or normal saline was injected intravenously for 7 days. The patients were followed up for 28 days after injection. The endpoint included 28-day survival time, non-shock time, ICU stay and the period of non-mechanical ventilation. The markers of inflammation C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 and procalcitonin were measured at baseline and 7 days after treatment. The variables were analyzed by Student's t test, the non-parametric statistical test, the Chi-square test or the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS18.0 statistic software. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Totally 63 patients were diagnosed with CIRCI by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test and the prevalence rate was 16.4％. The shock rate of the AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI was higher than that of the AECOPD patients without CIRCI (23.8％ vs. 8.7％, P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 28-day survival time of the treatment group was obviously longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, shock-free days within 28 days was longer in the treatment group (18.2±9.5 vs. 25.8±4.1, P<0.05). Treatment with low-dose glucocorticoid obviously decreased the markers of infection and inflammation (P<0.01), such as C-reactive protein (13.2±5.5 mg/L vs. 8.3±3.1 mg/L for the control group; 13.5±5.9 mg/L vs. 5.1±2.3 mg/L for the treatment group), tumor necrosis factor-α (26.1±16.2 g/L vs. 17.5±11.7 g/L for the control group; 25.0±14.8 g/L vs. 10.4±7.8 g/L for the treatment group) and procalcitonin (3.88 g/L vs. 2.03 g/L for the control group; 3.77 g/L vs. 1.26 g/L for the treatment group). Furthermore, the markers in the treatment group decreased more obviously than those in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of CIRCI was higher in the patients with AECOPD in the department of critical medicine, and low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for one week reduced the 28-day mortality, shock time and markers of infection and inflammation.

Objective To evaluate femoral artery ligation for femoral artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to drug injection. Methods Clinical data of 32 drug addicts of femoral artery pseudoaneursysm caused by drug injection undergoing femoral artery ligation and local debridement were reviewed retrospectively.The blood supply of affected limb was evaluated by oxygen saturation of distal limb and its function.All the cases were followed up at 3,6,9,and 12months after the operation. Results Surgery was successful in all cases. There were no significantly difference of the limb oxygen saturation between postoperative and preoperative period (95.1％ ± 2.8％ vs.96.9％ ± 1.9％ ; t =1.26,P =0.25 ).White blood cells and neutrophils percentage significantly decreased after surgery.All patients were followed up for 1 year.Lower extremity ischemia after 6 hours of operation in one case treated by autologous saphenous vein bypass recovered. On 3 months mild claudication was observed in 5 cases. On 6 months claudication remained in only 2 cases,which disappeared on 9 months.All patients were able to maintain normal life.Conclusions Femoral artery ligation is a safe, effective and simple treatment modality for femoral pseudoaneurysms secondary to drug injection.