Objective To study the distribution and changes of the purulent meningitis in gender,age,region,season and pathogens in children during the past 20 years.Methods All the basic clirical features of purulent meningitis patients less than 17 years old in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan.1993 to Jan.2013 were analyzed retrospectively.A total of 1 855 patients were divided into 2 groups according to their date of admission.Group A included 666 patients admitted from Jan.1993 to Dec.2002,and group B included 1 189 cases admitted from Jan.2003 to Jan.2013.Then,they were divided into 5 groups according to their ages,including neonate group,＞ 1 month-1 year old aoup,＞ 1-3 years old group,＞ 3-10 years old group,＞ 10-17 years old group.Results Of the 1 855 cases,there were 1 054 cases (56.82％) admitted in the spring and summer,and 1 123 cases (60.54％) were younger than 1 year of age.The ratio of male to female cases was 1.82 to 1.00 and that of country patients to urban patients was 1.40 to 1.00.The distributions were female patients (443 cases,37.26％),urban patients (517 cases,43.48％),and the ratio of patients admitted in the autumn (265 cases,22.29％) and patients younger than 1 year of age (606 cases,50.97％) in group B,which were significantly higher than those [215 cases (32.28％),256 cases (38.44％),102 cases (15.32％),272 cases (40.84％)] of group A (x2 =4.62,4.47,25.51,25.52,all P ＜ 0.05).The predominant isolated bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid were coagulase negative staphylococcus (43/196 cases,21.94％),Streptococcus pneumoniae (32/196 cases,16.33％),Neisseria meningitidis (17/196 cases,8.67％) and Escherichia coli (15/196 cases,7.65％).Coagulase negative staphylococcus and Escherichia coli both accounted for higher rates of pathogenic bacteria in 1 year old than that of pathogenic bacteria more than 1 year old (x2 =4.57,14.37,all P ＜ 0.05),while Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis both had higher rates of pathogenic bacteria more than 1 year old and more than 3 years old,respectively (x2 =14.93,19.76,all P ＜ 0.05).Onfly cases in group B with Streptococcus pneumoniae were higher than those in group A (x2 =11.78,P ＜ 0.05),while the other common bacteria in each age group were of no difference between group A and group B.Conclusions There had been some changes in the epidemiological distribution of purulent meningitis during the past 20 years.The main risk factors were male in gender,patients in rural areas,onset in the spring or summer and infants in early age.The predominant isolated bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid were some opportunistic pathogens,including coagulase negative staphylococcus,Streptococcus pneumoniae,and Escherichia coli.Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis was increased during the past 10 years.

Objective To study the prevalence of toenail onychomycosis in the patients with diabetes mel-litus. Methods The incidence and predisposing factors of onychomycosis were studied in the in- and out-patients with diabetes mellitus(n = 456). The data were also compared with non-diabetic patients (control group, n = 350). Results The prevalence rates of toenail onychomycosis were 20.8% and 9.4% in the diabetics and control group, respectively, with statistical difference (P

The internal medicine of paediatrics is the important major course in paediatrics. Focusing on strengthening the constructionof staff, we cultivate all levels of teachers from different administrative level and personality, do schorlarly research meticulously,standardizing management and improve the teaching evaluation system. Besides we promote the construction and development of theinternal medicine of paediatrics by carrying out teaching research, impsoving teaching methods and making paediatics the key subjectin China.

Histocytochemistry ; methods ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, B-Cell ; genetics

Objective To develop an online organ doses reporting software VirtualDose-IR, which can compute the radiation doses and provide an easy access to evaluation and control of patients ′radiation doses.Methods Monte Carlo method was applied to simulating various interventional radiology ( IR) processes , which included various parameters such as different patient models at different ages and with different weights , different projection angles and regions of interest , and other parameters .All of the dose data was acquired and then integrated into a database , and displayed with hyper text markup language (HTML), so only a web browser was necessary for users .Results A web-based software that reports organ doses for patients under IR progress was developed .The organ doses assessed with VirtualDose-IR were compared with other experiment and simulation data , and the results were basically consistent with each other .Conclusions VirtualDose-IR is a easy and efficient method to assess patients′radiation doses of IR.

Objective To observe the change of the protein and gene expression of hypoxia inducing factor-1α(HIF-1a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the nude mouse tumor,which has been treated by HIFU combined with nanoscale ultrasound molecular probes with HSV1-TK gene microvascular density.Methods Sixty nude mice were implanted with HepG2 Cells to establish subcutaneous transplanted tumor.Divided this mice into six groups at random after treated by HIFU:MB+ HSV-TK+ GPC3 (group A),MB + HSV-TK (group B),HSV-TK +GPC3 (group C),HSV-TK (group D),MB + GPC3 (group E),PBS (group F).They were injected into the tail vein every after 3 days.Mice in group A,B,D and E were exposed to ultrasound by 2 W/cm2,1 MHz,5 mintues and 0.2 mL ganciclovi(GCV) was intraperitoneally injected at the first 48 hours after injection.After the treatment,immunohistoche were used to detect the microvascular density(MVD),Western blot and immunohistoche was employed to test the protein change of the VEGF and HIF-1α,Q-PCR was used to test the mRNA gene transcription of VEGF and HIF-1α in the tumor tissues.Results After 14 days,the protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in group A was significantly lower than that in group B,C,D,E and F (P＜0.05),the MVD level in the tumor is also like this,and the difference is statistically significant.Conclusion Anoscale ultrasound molecular probes with HSV1-TK can reduce the the level of VEGF,MVD and HIF-1α in the tumor which has been treated by HIFU,so it can inhibit tumor growth and improve the therapeutic efficacy after HIFU treatment.

Immuno-fluorescence technique can qualitatively determine certain nuclear translocation, of which NF-κB/ p65 implicates the activation of NF-κB signal pathways. Immuno-fluorescence analysis software with independent property rights is able to quantitatively analyze dynamic location of NF-κB/p65 by computing relative fluorescence units in nuclei and cytoplasm. We verified the quantitative analysis by Western Blot. When we applied the software to analysis of nuclear translocation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced (0. 5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h) primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) , we found that nuclear translocation peak showed up at 2h as with calculated Western blot verification results, indicating that the inventive immuno-fluorescence analysis software can be applied to the quantitative analysis of immuno-fluorescence.
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit ; metabolism ; Software

Presented in this paper is our experience in the diagnosis and management of abdominal compartment syndrome during severe acute pancreatitis. On the basis of the history of severe acute pancreatitis, after effective fluid resuscitation, if patients developed renal, pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency after abdominal expansion and abdominal wall tension, ACS should be considered. Cystometry could be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Emergency decompressive celiotomy and temporary abdominal closure with a 3 liter sterile plastic bag must be performed. It is also critical to prevent reperfusion syndrome. In 23 cases of ACS, 18 cases received emergency decompressive celiotomy and 5 cases did not. In the former, 3 patients died (16.7%) while in the later, 4 (80%) died. Total mortality rate was 33.3% (7/21). In 7 death cases, 4 patients developed acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC). All the patients who received emergency decompressive celiotomy 5 h after confirmation of ACS survived. The definitive abdominal closure took place mostly 3 to 5 days after emergency decompressive celiotomy, with longest time being 8 days. 6 cases of ACS at infection stage were all attributed to infected necrosis in abdominal cavity and retroperitoneum. ACS could occur in SIRS stage and infection stage during SAP, and has different pathophysiological basis. Early diagnosis, emergency decompressive celiotomy and temporary abdominal closure with a 3L sterile plastic bag are the keys to the management of the condition.
*Abdomen ; *Compartment Syndromes/diagnosis ; *Compartment Syndromes/etiology ; *Compartment Syndromes/surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; *Multiple Organ Failure/diagnosis ; *Multiple Organ Failure/etiology ; *Multiple Organ Failure/surgery ; *Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications ; *Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/diagnosis ; *Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/surgery

To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of pancreas/duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), a transcription factor as a marker for pancreatic stem cells, in pancreatic ductal cells of rats after partial (90%) pancreatectomy and evaluated the significance of the PDX-1 expression. Western blot and Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of PDX-1 protein and mRNA respectively. PDX-1 protein was only faintly detected in pancreatic ductal cells on the day 1 after partial pancreatectomy. On the day 2 and 3 after operation in operation group, a 2-3 fold increased PDX-1 protein was observed, corresponding to the characteristic 42-kD protein in Western blot. There was significant difference between operation group and sham-operation group (P<0.05). PDX-1 protein expression on the day 5 and 7 after operation had already been no difference from control group (P>0.05). RT-PCR revealed the PDX-1 mRNA expression showed no significant difference between operation group at various time points and sham-operation group (P> 0.05). These results indicate that there was overexpression of PDX-1 in the cells of pancreatic epithelium during the regeneration of remnant pancreas after partial pancreatectomy in adult rats, suggesting the pancreatic stem cells in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells are involved in the regeneration of remnant pancreas and the expression of PDX-1 in ductal cells was regulated posttranscription.
Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Pancreatectomy/methods ; Pancreatic Ducts/cytology ; Pancreatic Ducts/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trans-Activators/*biosynthesis ; Trans-Activators/genetics