Objective To explore the contamination by Legionella pneumophila in cooling water of centralized air condi-tioning system in hospitals and hotels.Methods In Aug2001,the water from cooling towers of centralized air conditioning sys-tems in4hospitals and2hotels were sampled in W city.The membranes filtering the cooling water samples were treated by hy-drochloric acid.After treatment,the mixed treated solution was inoculated into GVPC plate and cultured in candle jar.The susepectable colonies were identified by biochemical test,serological test and PCR test respectively.Results5strains of L pneu mophila in cluding3strains of Lp1type and2strains of Lp5type were isolated from water samples of the cooling towers of centralized air conditioning systems in2hospitals and one star-grade hotel in W city.Conclusion The contamination by le-gionella in water of cooling tower of centralized air conditioning system in hospitals and hotels should be monitored closely.

With the rapid development of pharmacogenetics, more and more studies have shown evidence in the association between polymorphisms at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). Several HLA-B alleles proved to be associated with SADRs for drugs such as carbamazepine, allopurinol, lamotrigine, and lfucloxacillin. hTe USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has even recommended routine screening for HLA-B allele before the use of abacavir and carbamazepine. With the completion of human genome project and the Hapmapproject, several new pharmacogenetics approaches such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) have emerged. hTese newly developed methods will undoubtedly accelerate the identiifcation and clinical utilization of the pharmacogenetic biomakers. In addition, the immunogenetic mechanisms by which the HLA alleles cause SADRs are explored at the cellular and molecular level. hTis review focuses on the recent progresses in HLA alleles and ADRs regarding both the clinical translation and modern pharmacogenetic methods.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Asparaginase ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

Objective To provide an effective basis for clinical control methods of multi-drug-resistant bacterial (MDRB) infections by analyzing the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of MDRB.Methods The French Merieux ATB Expression Automated Analysis System was used for bacterial identification,whereas a drug susceptibility testing was performed by K-B methods.Drug-resistance rate was calculated,and the predisposing factors were analyzed.Results Altogether 811(8.1％) strains were isolated from 9 954 specimens,and the majority of multiply antimircobial-resistant bacteria were Escherichia coli,Coagulase-negative staphylococci,Klebsiella Pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus,Acinetobacter Baumannii,Pseudommonas aeruginosa,whereas the last two appeared pan resistant strains.Specimen source was mainly from respiratory specimens,accounted for 47.8％,and was mainly distributed in the ICU unit,atout41.8％ ;MDRB enterobacter was highly sensitive to Carbapenems with resistance rates less than 1.5％ and to Amikacin and other inhibitor drugs that rate was less than 30.0％.The resistance rates of MDRB nonfermentative bacteria was ＞ 77.0％ to Carbapenem antibacterial drugs whereas to non-resistance was found to polymyxin and only 20.0％ resistance rate to Cefoperazone/sulbactam.MDRB staphylococcus was 100.0％ sensitive to Vancomyci,Teicoplanin and Linezolid and less sensitive (＜ 30.0％) to chloramphenicol and rifampicin.MDRB showed high resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs.The predisposing factors included age,other disease,hospitalization over two weeks,the usage of multiply antimicrobial especially cephalosporins overtoppinh 7 days,and invasive operations.Conclusion The major MDRBs are resistant to common-used antimicrobial drugs.It is nesessary to pay attention to the differences.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and clinical features of familial aggregation hemangioma to improve the level of the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Total 1202 cases of vascular disease were treated in this department from June 2006 to June 2011.The clinical data and family distribution characteristics in 36 cases of familial aggregation hemangioma were analyzed and their effects of laser treatment were evaluated.Results 36 cases were familial aggregation hemangioma,whose incidence was 2.99 ％ in 1202 cases of vascular disease cutis; and the ratio of male to female was 1 ∶ 1.There were 9 cases of parents suffering from hemangioma.But the incidenceof the next generation suffering from vascular disease was 28.5 ％.Among these 36 cases of familial aggregation hemangioma,33 cases underwent the long pulse 1064 nm Nd ∶ YAG laser and optimized pulse light combination therapy.The effective rate was 100 ％.Conclusions There may be a genetic predisposition in hemangioma.The application of long pulse 1064 nm Nd ∶ YAG laser and optimized pulsed light treatment to hemangioma cutis can obtain satisfactory results.The intervention should be taken in early stage.

Objective To summary the color Doppler imaging feature of localized Castleman disease.Methods From January 1997 to November 2011,32 localized Castleman diseases which were proved by pathology were analyzed.Results Round-like,hypoechoic,hypervascular lesions were showed in 23 hyalinevascular type lesions,2 of them with calcium,3 of them with structure liked lymph node hilum.Round-like,hypoechoic,hypervascular lesions or normal lymph node were showed in 5 plasma- type lesions and 4 mixed type lesions.Conclusions When round like,hypoechoic,hypervascular lesion is found by ultrasonography,Castleman should be considered.Calcium or lymph nod hilum-like structure is special finding in diagnosis of Castleman disease by ultrasonography.

Background and purpose:The transcription factor PAX6 is primarily expressed in embryos. PAX6 is also expressed in several tumors and plays oncogenic or tumor suppressor role. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PAX 6 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor samples and cell lines; and evaluate the effects of PAX6 on the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and the expression level of cyclin E and p38.Methods:Western blot was carried out to detect the PAX6 protein level in 86 NSCLC tumor tissues, paired adjacent normal tissues and 2 cell lines. PAX6 siRNA was transfected into human lung cancer A549 cell line. Anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness of tumor cells were measured by MTT and transwell cell invasion assay, respectively. Cyclin E and p38 protein level before and after transfection were detected by western blot.Results:Comparison with tumor adjacent tissues and normal human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE, PAX6 in NSCLC tissues and A549 cell lines was signiifcantly higher expression. After transfection with efifcient sequence of PAX6 siRNA for A549 cell lines, the down expression of PAX6 inhibits tumor cell proliferation, the proportion of cells in G1 phase increased, the cell invasion and migration decreased remarkably. Cyclin E and p38 activity was inhibited inPAX6 knockdown cells.Conclusion:PAX6 accelerate cell cycle progression by activating cyclin E and p38. PAX6 is a potential target for diagnosis and therapy.

With the increasing demand for liver transplantation,some previously abandoned donors,called marginal donor,started to be involved in clinical liver transplantation,which raises higher requirement on the organ preservation methods.Normothermic perfusion is regarded to be superior to the currently adopted hypothermic perfusion,and plays an important role in the organ preservation of marginal donors.This review will summarize the clinical applications of liver normothermic perfusion in transplantation and repair,as well as its roles in basic research.

Objective To survey small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(sdLDL-C)distribution among different popula-tions,and analyze its relationship with lipid component.Methods 986 cases of people who underwent medical examination in the hospital were recruited in the study.There were 654 people with normal concentrations of serum blood lipids(normal blood lipids group),according to sex and age they were divided into groups.The people whose serum lipids concentrations increased above the normal range were divided into TG increasing group,LDL-C increasing group and joint increasing group according to the type of lip-ids componet increased.Serum sdLDL-C,LDL-C,TG,TC,HDL-C,ApoAⅠ and ApoB were determind in the people mentioned a-bove,and the correlation between sdLDL-C and TG,TC,HDL-C,ApoAⅠ,ApoB concentrations were analyzed.Results SdLDL-C began to decline after the age of 70,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 );the ensemble average of the males was higher than that of females,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The serum sdLDL-C cocentrations of all the serum lipis increasing groups were significantly higher than those of normal blood lipids group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ).SdLDL-C concentrations were positively correlated with TC,TG,ApoB(r =0.254,0.589,0.302),and was negative correlated with HDL-C and ApoA Ⅰ (r = - 0.421,- 0.275,- 0.311 ).Conclusion There was a positive correlation between sdLDL-C and TC,TG,ApoB,and sdLDL-C was negatively correlated with HDL-C,ApoAⅠ,which can accurately reflect the overall status of lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the effect of Bunao capsule on learning,memory and antioxidative abilities of rats with Alzhheimer’s disease(AD)induced by D-galactose combined with amyloid β-protein(Aβ25-35 ),and provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatemtn of AD. Methods A total of 90 SD male rats were randomly divided into model control group,piracetam group,sham operated group,Bunao capsule(0.79,1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups(n= 15 each).The rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and injection of Aβ25-35 into the bilateral lateral cerebral ventricle.Then rats were given corresponding drugs by gavage in different groups for 8 weeks.The learning and memory abilities were meseured by Morris water maze test.The morphology of brain cells was observed by HE staining.The activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and superoxide dismutase( SOD),and the malondialdehyde( MDA)contents in the brain tissues were measured by spectrophotometry. Results The target quadrant residence time was(20.39±7.75)s and(20.82±5.09)s in Bunao capsule (1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups,which were significantly increased as compared with that in model control group[(12. 35 ± 6.95)s](P<0.01).Brain nerve cell morphology in Bunao capsule(1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups was obviously improved as compared with that in model control group,and was close to that in sham operated group.The activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly increased,and MDA contents decreased in Bunao capsule groups as compared with those in model control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Bunao capsule can dose-dependently improve the learning,memory and antioxidative abilities of AD rats.The mechanism may involve upregulation of antioxidative enzyme activities and removal of oxidative products.