AIM:To develop a method for determining cholic acid by HPLC-ELSD and GC was applied to determing muscone;in Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule(Calculus Bovis,Moschus,Venenum Bufonis,Olibanum,Myrrha).METHODS:AC_(18) column(Kromasil C_(18),5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)was used as stationary phase,the mobile phase was methanol-0.01% glacial acetic acid(73:21)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The parameters of ELSD were set as follows:evaporation temperature was 40℃,carrier gas(N_2)pressure was 200 kPa.The GC system consisted of DB-1 capillary column(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm)and FID as the detector.The programmed temperature-GC and internal standard method were employed to determine the content of muscone.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cholic acid and muscone were in the range of 45.2 ng-904 ng and 0.05 mg/mL-0.5 mg/mL respectively.The average recoveries were 99.06% and 99.40% with RSD of 1.56% and 0.95% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is convenient and accurate,and it can be used for the quality evaluation of Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule.

AIM:To develop a method for determining cholic acid by HPLC-ELSD and GC was applied to determing muscone;in Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule(Calculus Bovis,Moschus,Venenum Bufonis,Olibanum,Myrrha).METHODS:A C18 column(Kromasil C18,5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm)was used as stationary phase,the mobile phase was methanol-0.01% glacial acetic acid(73:27) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The parameters of ELSD were set as follows:evaporation temperature was 40 ℃,carrier gas(N2) pressure was 200 kPa.The GC system consisted of DB-1 capillary column(30 m?0.32 mm?0.25 ?m) and FID as the detector.The programmed temperature-GC and internal standard method were employed to determine the content of muscone.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cholic acid and muscone were in the range of 45.2 ng-904 ng and 0.05 mg/mL—0.5 mg/mL respectively.The average recoveries were 99.06% and 99.40% with RSD of 1.56% and 0.95% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is convenient and accurate,and it can be used for the quality evaluation of Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule.

Objective To explore the hospitalization expenses and its related factors of injury cases in Shenzhen city in 2006,and to provide basis for the expense control in future.Methods The medical expense proportion was calculated on 7 180 injury cases with hospitalization data from Shenzhen injury surveillance system,ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors for the expenses.Result The medical expenses of injury inpatients in Shenzhen were 3 835.65 RMB/case and 437.86 RMB/case/day.36.10% and 20.27% of the total expenses were attributed to medication and therapy,respectively.The expense per day was correlated strongly with the level of hospital,length of stay,age,method of payment and injury location.Conclusions The disease burden of injury was higher than that of other diseases,Hospitalization expenses can be effectively controlled by taking strategies,such as enhancing the care and treatment before hospitalization,shortening the duration of hospitalization,avoiding infection in hospital and so on.

Objective To evaluate the quality of clinical trials about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in China.Methods Literature of clinical trials of acupuncture was collected and analyzed,evaluated by the randomized controlled test criteria and the clinical assessing method in Cochrane handbook of international Cochrane cooperation net.Results Sixteen literatures were brought in.87.5% of the included literature had no clear description of random methods,and no allocation concealment,use of blind methods,sample size calculation,intention-to-treat analysis.Among them,62.5% had explicit diagnosis criteria,12.5% with correct randomizing method,62.5% with explicit evaluation criteria,however,31.22% with no words referring to the comparability among the groups.Conclusions Though acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied in prevention and treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency,it can not provide evidences of higher reliability for clinical treatment due to less clinical randomized controlled tests and lower quality,which severely hinder testing and verifying of clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion.It is proposed that multiple central and randomized controlled test should be made,so as to search for feasible acupuncture and moxibustion methods with definite therapeutic effect for vertebrobasilar insufficiency,and provide basis for further systematical evaluation.

Background and purpose:The most serious aspect of cancer is the emergence of metastases in organs distant from the primary tumor, since most deaths from cancer are due to metastases. In recent years, a series of studies has been undertaken both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrated that the CD133+ hematopoietic stem cell is effective in increasing mice tumor cell metastases, but the efficacy of CD133+ stem cells is not well studied for human cancer.We investigated the effects of CD133+ stem cells on the proliferation, adhesion and migration in human colorectal neoplasm cell line SW480.Methods:CD133+ cells were separated from fresh cord blood mononuclear cells(MNC) by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and magnetic activated cell-sorting system(MACS).The treatment group was the co-culture of CD133+ cells and SW480, the control group used the same culture medium without CD133+ cells. The effect of CD133+ cells on proliferation in SW480 cell was measured by MTT assay, the migration abilities of SW480 cell were assayed in Transwell cell culture, Cell adhesion assay was carried out in a 96 microplate well precoated with fibronection.Results:CD133+ cells could significantly improve the growth ability of SW480 cell, not only the ability of proliferation, but also the morphology. The morphology of the cells was remarkably changed. Irregular nucleus, double nucleus and polymorphic nucleus appeared in the treatment group, and the cells were shaped as polygon-like and leptosomatic. In the cell adhesion assay, A 490 of the treatment group was 0.11?0.01, A 490 of the control group was 0.05?0.01(P﹤0.05).Conclusions:Our results indicate that the CD133+ cell is effective in increasing tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Hematopoietic stem cell may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal neoplasm.

Objective To understand the situation of procrastination and its influencing factors in medical students.Methods The general procrastination scale (GPS),general self-efficacy scale (GSES),achievement motivation scale(AMS),self-esteem scale (SES),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were applied to 531 medical students,and the influence factors were analyzed with correlation analyses,hierarchical regression and path analysis of SPSS 16.0 and Amos 5.0.Results (1) The scale score of procrastination was between 31-93 and the average score was 55.54±9.68.96.1％ students showed different degree procrastination,with the moderate-severe degree ones accounted for 45.3％.(2)Procrastination was positively correlated to anxiety(r=0.331) and depression(r=0.415),but negatively correlated with self-efficacy(r=-0.247) and selfesteem(r=-0.328).(3)The hierarchical regression revealed that self-efficacy,self-esteem,and depression could significantly predict procrastination,which increased the explained variance 6.1％,6.1％ and 6.3％ respectively.(4) Path analysis showed that the self-esteem had direct effect on procrastination (path coefficient 0.12);self-efficacy had indirect effect on procrastination through self-esteem (path coefficient 0.21).Depression had direct effect on procrastination (path coefficient 0.34) and indirect effect to the procrastination through the self-esteem (path coefficient 0.50).All the fitting indices reached statistical standards.Conclusion Procrastination was common in medical students and self-efficacy,self-esteem,depression had direct or indirect effect on it.

AIM:To observe the effects of neuroglobin ( NGB) overexpression on the apoptosis induced by Aβin the brains of double transgenic AD ( APPswe/PS1dE9) mice and to explore its potential mechanisms .METHODS:Twenty-four 13-month-old double transgenic AD mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:intracerebroventricular injection with normal saline (NS) group, intracerebroventricular injection with pcDNA3.1 and NS group, and intracerebroventricular injection with pcDNA3.1 and pNGB group.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Aβ1-42 in the brains. TUNEL staining was used for analyzing the apoptosis , and the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot .RESULTS: After intracerebroventricular injection with pNGB , the areas of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and cortex were decreased compared with NS group and pcDNA 3.1+NS group (P<0.01).The TUNEL-positive staining cells in the pNGB group were less than those in NS group and pcDNA 3.1 group ( P<0.01 ) . NGB overexpression attenuated the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 (P<0.01), but induced the produc-tion of PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Overexpression of pNGB significantly inhibits the generation of Aβand attenuates the apoptosis induced by Aβ, indicating that NGB overexpression activates PI 3K/Akt pathway and inhibits the production of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, which were tightly related with apoptosis .

Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology

Objective To analyze risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The clinical data from 284 hospitalized pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to July 2015 . The differences between 59 cases with multiple drug-resistant infections and 225 cases with non-multiple drug-resistant infections were compared and analyzed by logistic regression. Results All of 284 cases were single birth. Fifty-nine cases ( 13 . 13 ± 9 . 03 days old) had multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 42 were males and 17 were females. Two hundred and twenty-ifve cases ( 14 . 21 ± 8 . 34 days old) had non-multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 175 cases of males and 50 cases of females. Single factor analysis showed that 8 factors, including gestational age, birth weight, days in hospital, Apgar score at birth, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and the categories and duration of use of antimicrobial agents, were the risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections (P?

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic outcomes and prognostic factors of primary nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL). Methods Clinical records, therapy responses as well as prognostic factors of 19 PTCL patients were analyzed. Results The median age of the 19 patients was Ⅲ-Ⅳ, 84.2 % (16/19) with B symptoms, 84.2 % (16/19) with extranodal involvement, 57.9 % (11/19) with bone marrow involvement. After treatment, the complete remission (CR) rate was 36.8 % (7/19). The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 47.2 % and the 2-year progression free survival (PFS) rate was 25 %. The number of sites of extranodal involvement (EN)≥2, ECOG≥2, IPI＞2 and elevated β2-MG were poor prognostic factors. Conclusion Primary nodal PTCL is a heterogeneous group of aggressive T-cell lymphoma with poor chemotherapy results. Multifactors indicate negative prognosis.