AIM:To develop a method for determining cholic acid by HPLC-ELSD and GC was applied to determing muscone;in Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule(Calculus Bovis,Moschus,Venenum Bufonis,Olibanum,Myrrha).METHODS:AC_(18) column(Kromasil C_(18),5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)was used as stationary phase,the mobile phase was methanol-0.01% glacial acetic acid(73:21)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The parameters of ELSD were set as follows:evaporation temperature was 40℃,carrier gas(N_2)pressure was 200 kPa.The GC system consisted of DB-1 capillary column(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm)and FID as the detector.The programmed temperature-GC and internal standard method were employed to determine the content of muscone.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cholic acid and muscone were in the range of 45.2 ng-904 ng and 0.05 mg/mL-0.5 mg/mL respectively.The average recoveries were 99.06% and 99.40% with RSD of 1.56% and 0.95% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is convenient and accurate,and it can be used for the quality evaluation of Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule.

AIM:To develop a method for determining cholic acid by HPLC-ELSD and GC was applied to determing muscone;in Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule(Calculus Bovis,Moschus,Venenum Bufonis,Olibanum,Myrrha).METHODS:A C18 column(Kromasil C18,5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm)was used as stationary phase,the mobile phase was methanol-0.01% glacial acetic acid(73:27) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The parameters of ELSD were set as follows:evaporation temperature was 40 ℃,carrier gas(N2) pressure was 200 kPa.The GC system consisted of DB-1 capillary column(30 m?0.32 mm?0.25 ?m) and FID as the detector.The programmed temperature-GC and internal standard method were employed to determine the content of muscone.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cholic acid and muscone were in the range of 45.2 ng-904 ng and 0.05 mg/mL—0.5 mg/mL respectively.The average recoveries were 99.06% and 99.40% with RSD of 1.56% and 0.95% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is convenient and accurate,and it can be used for the quality evaluation of Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule.

Objective To explore the hospitalization expenses and its related factors of injury cases in Shenzhen city in 2006,and to provide basis for the expense control in future.Methods The medical expense proportion was calculated on 7 180 injury cases with hospitalization data from Shenzhen injury surveillance system,ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors for the expenses.Result The medical expenses of injury inpatients in Shenzhen were 3 835.65 RMB/case and 437.86 RMB/case/day.36.10% and 20.27% of the total expenses were attributed to medication and therapy,respectively.The expense per day was correlated strongly with the level of hospital,length of stay,age,method of payment and injury location.Conclusions The disease burden of injury was higher than that of other diseases,Hospitalization expenses can be effectively controlled by taking strategies,such as enhancing the care and treatment before hospitalization,shortening the duration of hospitalization,avoiding infection in hospital and so on.

Objective To evaluate the quality of clinical trials about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in China.Methods Literature of clinical trials of acupuncture was collected and analyzed,evaluated by the randomized controlled test criteria and the clinical assessing method in Cochrane handbook of international Cochrane cooperation net.Results Sixteen literatures were brought in.87.5% of the included literature had no clear description of random methods,and no allocation concealment,use of blind methods,sample size calculation,intention-to-treat analysis.Among them,62.5% had explicit diagnosis criteria,12.5% with correct randomizing method,62.5% with explicit evaluation criteria,however,31.22% with no words referring to the comparability among the groups.Conclusions Though acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied in prevention and treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency,it can not provide evidences of higher reliability for clinical treatment due to less clinical randomized controlled tests and lower quality,which severely hinder testing and verifying of clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion.It is proposed that multiple central and randomized controlled test should be made,so as to search for feasible acupuncture and moxibustion methods with definite therapeutic effect for vertebrobasilar insufficiency,and provide basis for further systematical evaluation.

Background and purpose:The most serious aspect of cancer is the emergence of metastases in organs distant from the primary tumor, since most deaths from cancer are due to metastases. In recent years, a series of studies has been undertaken both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrated that the CD133+ hematopoietic stem cell is effective in increasing mice tumor cell metastases, but the efficacy of CD133+ stem cells is not well studied for human cancer.We investigated the effects of CD133+ stem cells on the proliferation, adhesion and migration in human colorectal neoplasm cell line SW480.Methods:CD133+ cells were separated from fresh cord blood mononuclear cells(MNC) by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and magnetic activated cell-sorting system(MACS).The treatment group was the co-culture of CD133+ cells and SW480, the control group used the same culture medium without CD133+ cells. The effect of CD133+ cells on proliferation in SW480 cell was measured by MTT assay, the migration abilities of SW480 cell were assayed in Transwell cell culture, Cell adhesion assay was carried out in a 96 microplate well precoated with fibronection.Results:CD133+ cells could significantly improve the growth ability of SW480 cell, not only the ability of proliferation, but also the morphology. The morphology of the cells was remarkably changed. Irregular nucleus, double nucleus and polymorphic nucleus appeared in the treatment group, and the cells were shaped as polygon-like and leptosomatic. In the cell adhesion assay, A 490 of the treatment group was 0.11?0.01, A 490 of the control group was 0.05?0.01(P﹤0.05).Conclusions:Our results indicate that the CD133+ cell is effective in increasing tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Hematopoietic stem cell may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal neoplasm.

MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is closely related to the development of cancer,such as liver cancer,gastric cancer,pancreatic cancer,endometrial cancer,esophageal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,etc.The mainly tumor pathogenesis related miR-375 includes that miR-375 is combined with specific target genes,can degrade mRNA or inhibit protein translation in the transcriptional level,and plays antitumor effect of inhibition of cell proliferation,promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting the invasion and metastasis.miR-375 is expected to be a new target for cancer therapy,which may become an important biomarker for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of cancer.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of multiple drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and provide guidance for disease control and prevention. Methods Clinical data of 814 COPD patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2015, including patient's age, gender, smoking history, age of onset, severity, aggravated frequency, duration of exacerbations, diabetes mellitus, complications, use frequency and use duration of glucocorticoid, use frequency of antimicrobial agents and use duration of each time, types of antimicrobial drugs used, combined with antibacterial drugs, plasma albumin concentration, blood glucose, bacteria culture detection of multi drug resistant bacteria infection. The risk factors of multi drug resistant bacteria infection were analyzed. Results A total of 857 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 814 COPD patients with pulmonary infection. Multiple drug resistant bacteria infection were detected in 170 cases, and 175 strains (20.42%) were detected. The detection rate of multi drug resistant/PAN resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR/PDR-PA) was 55.38% (36/65). There were significant differences in patients with multi drug resistant bacteria infection between different clinical pathological characteristics. Logistic regression analysis showed that the acute exacerbation duration (days), long time use of antimicrobial drugs, and high frequency of corticosteroids and antibiotics use were independent risk factor of multi drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of multiple drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients should pay attention to the combination of community and hospital, and take effective measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine on the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in neonatal rat induced by propofol in vitro. Methods Hippocampal neurons of primary cultured neonatal SD rat were divided randomly into three groups. Group C (control group)was normal cultured without any treatment for 12 h; group P (Propofol group)was incubated with 12 μg/mL propofol for 12 h and group DP (Dexmedetomidine + propofol group)was incubated with 0.002 5 ~ 25 μg/mL dexmedetomidine for 30 min, and then further incubated with 12 μg/mL propofol for 12 h. Results Compared with that of group C, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons increased in group P and DP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); Compared with that of group P, the apoptosis rate of neurons decreased with the increase of dexmedetomidine concentration in group DP (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The result of transmission electron microscope indicated that compared with group C , group P showed obvious neuronal damage; the nerve cells damage alleviated in group DP, which were negatively associated with the concentration. Conclusions With the concentration ranging from 0.002 5 to 25 μg/mL, dexmedetomidine set pre-incubation and breeding can reduce apoptosis of hippocampus neuron of neonatal rats induced by propofol and the effect is concentration dependent.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children.Methods ASA Ⅰ and Ⅱ children (aged 1 to 6 years) scheduled for orthopedic surgery of limbs were recruited in this study.ALMA was inserted after induction of general anesthesia.After mechanical ventilation for 5 minutes,the air-filled cuff was deflated and then inflated with saline.Ultrasonography was then performed by a high frequency linear-array transducer to confirm the correct placement of the LMA.Results The LMA can be easily recognized on the transverse view of the thyroid cartilage notch,appearing as a circle around the glottis,which was called the dumbbell sign.On the sagittal view of the thyroid cartilage,the LMA has an archlike appearance which ended below the thyroid cartilage.Oblique scan over the cricoid cartilage shows the tip of LMA is located at the upper portion of the esophagus.Conclusions Filling the LMA cuff with saline instead of air allows better LMA visualization by ultrasound.This method enhances correct positioning of the LMA,which is crucial to ensure safe ventilation.

Objective To understand the situation of procrastination and its influencing factors in medical students.Methods The general procrastination scale (GPS),general self-efficacy scale (GSES),achievement motivation scale(AMS),self-esteem scale (SES),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were applied to 531 medical students,and the influence factors were analyzed with correlation analyses,hierarchical regression and path analysis of SPSS 16.0 and Amos 5.0.Results (1) The scale score of procrastination was between 31-93 and the average score was 55.54±9.68.96.1％ students showed different degree procrastination,with the moderate-severe degree ones accounted for 45.3％.(2)Procrastination was positively correlated to anxiety(r=0.331) and depression(r=0.415),but negatively correlated with self-efficacy(r=-0.247) and selfesteem(r=-0.328).(3)The hierarchical regression revealed that self-efficacy,self-esteem,and depression could significantly predict procrastination,which increased the explained variance 6.1％,6.1％ and 6.3％ respectively.(4) Path analysis showed that the self-esteem had direct effect on procrastination (path coefficient 0.12);self-efficacy had indirect effect on procrastination through self-esteem (path coefficient 0.21).Depression had direct effect on procrastination (path coefficient 0.34) and indirect effect to the procrastination through the self-esteem (path coefficient 0.50).All the fitting indices reached statistical standards.Conclusion Procrastination was common in medical students and self-efficacy,self-esteem,depression had direct or indirect effect on it.