Some hormones and glucocorticoid in chronic strss feedback are demonstrated to have significant effects on cancer progression.Recently,as a typical neuropeptide,gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) could mediate chronic stress to promote carcinogenesis through four conceivable mechanisms,such as regulating circadian rhythms,suppressing immunity system,acting as a mitogenic effect and mediating cancer-related psychiatric disorders,et al.

Objective To investigate the increased cytotoxicity induced by luteolin and cisplatin cotreatment and validate its mechanism.Methods HepG2 cells were pretreated with luteolin for 1 hour or remained untreated and followed by exposure to cisplatin.Cells were stained with Hoechst,and Caspase-3 activity was detected by spectrophotometry.Cell death was detected by LDH release assay.Phosphated C-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and total JNK1 were detected by Western blot.Results Luteolin significantly enhanced Caspase-3 activity and HepG2 cells apoptosis by cisplatin.The cell death rates by co-treatment with different concentration of luteolin (0-20 μmol/L) and cisplatin (10 μg/ml) were much higher than cisplatin or luteolin alone treatment.Combined treatment of luteolin (20 μmol/L) with cisplatin (10 μg/ml) killed 47.66 ％ of HepG2 cells.There were significant differences on cell death between combination group and single reagent group (F =535.48,P ＜ 0.01).Combination group showed better efficacy than single reagent group.The Caspase-3 activity of HepG2 cells treated by luteolin (20 μmol/L),cisplatin (10 μg/ml) or luteolin (20 μmol/L)plus cisplatin (10 μg/ml) were 1.94,1.74 and 8.12 times of negative control group respectively.Combination treatment induced sustained activation of JNK signaling pathway.Conclusions Enhancing cisplatin-induced JNK activation by luteolin leads to increased cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.The combination of luteolin and cisplatin is an effect apporch for improving the anticancer value of cisplatin,which has implications in cancer prevention and therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate tablet combined with metformin on ovulation induction of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). METHODS:184 PCOS patients were randomly divided into control group(92 cases)and observation group(92 cases). Control group orally received 1 Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone ac-etate tablet in 5 d of menstruation,once a day,it stopped after 21 d,the next cycle of treatment was started on the 5th of with-drawal bleeding. Observation group additionally received 3 Metformin tablet,once a day,without drug withdrawal during menstrua-tion,and lasted for 3 menstrual cycles. After 3 menstrual cycles,all patients received ovulation induction treatment [(50-100 mg clomiphene was orally given from the 5th day of the 4th menstrual cycle,for 5 days,or 75-150 U postmenopausal gonadotropin by intramuscular injection,when the dominant follicle diameter was(19.0±2.0)mm,10 000 U human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was intramuscularly injected,the ovulation was continuously monitored and whether there was ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)was observed]. Body mass index(BMI),follicle estrogen(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin(PRL),estradiol (E2)and testosterone(T)before and after treatment,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance in-dex(HOMA-IR),pregnancy rate,ovulation rate and the incidences of OHSS and adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed.RE-SULTS:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the BMI,FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,BMI,LH,PRL,E2,T,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR in observation group and LH, E2 and FINS in control group were significantly lower than before,and BMI,PRL,E2,T,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR in observa-tion group were lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The pregnancy rate and ovulation rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate combined with metfor-min can effectively improve insulin resistance of POCS patients,recovery sex hormone secretion,promote ovulation and improve pregnancy rate,with good safety.

Memory T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of tumors as a result of the long term of tumor immunity and the heterogeneity of T cells. Great progress in the studies on the generation, classification, mechanism of maintenance and function of memory T cells in tumor immunity have been made in recent years, which may facilitate our understanding of immunological memory and the clinical therapy of tumor.

Objective To discuss application value of intestinal electromyography in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and to observe intestinal myoeletric activity.Methods There were 65 cases of hepatic cirrhosis in expermental group and 30 cases in control group. All the cases were recorded body surface intestinal electromyography using gastrointestinal myoelectric analyzer(WCDF-4B, Hefei , P.R.China). The parameters included average peak range-Ap, main frequency-Fp, average over zero frequency-Fz and special wave form were surveyed.Results Sharp higher Fz abnormal rate and emergence rate of special wave form in hepatic cirrhosis group were higher than in control group,P0 05.Conclusions In hepatic cirrhosis group,Fz was much higher than that in control group. And the intestinal myoelectric activity increased in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis,which represented by appearance of characteristic wave form that was frequent micromigration wave as well as load wave. Those changes accounted for heighten and irregularity of excitability intestinal myoelectric activity. Moreover, it will increase for the incidence of abnormality of intestinal myoelectric activity along with damage degree of hepatic function. Intestinal electromyography is a reliable method to judge intestinal myoelectric activity, the method has characteristics of harmless,free pain, convenient, safty and steady.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of the plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 100 patients with CHF were in?cluded in this study (CHF group), and 30 healthy persons were used as control group. CHF group was divided into heart func? tionⅡgrade (n=35),Ⅲgrade (n=32),Ⅳgrade (n=33) groups in accordance with New York Heart Association (NYHA). And CHF group was also divided into left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<0.4 grade (n=52) and LVEF≥0.4 grade (n=48) groups in accordance with LVEF of patients. The plasma GDF-15 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were detected by ELISA. The values of LVEF, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVDs) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were detected by echocardiography. The correlation of GDF-15, NYHA classifi?cation, BNP and index of echocardiography was analyzed between groups. Results Compared with control group, the levels of BNP, GDF-15, LVDd and LVDs were significantly higher in heart failure group, and values of LVEF and LVFS were sig?nificantly lower (P<0.05). The plasma levels of BNP, GDF-15, LVDd and LVDs were in turn increased in control group, LVEF≥0.4 grade group and LVEF<0.4 grade group. The plasma levels of LVFS were in turn decreased, in control group, LVEF≥0.4 grade group and LVEF<0.4 grade group (P<0.05). There were positive correlations between the plasma levels of GDF-15 and BNP, NYHA, LVDd and LVDs (r=0.524, 0.286, 0.453 and 0.531, P<0.05). The plasma level of GDF-15 was negatively correlated with LVEF and LVFS (r=-0.592,-0.587,P<0.05). Conclusion The plasma level of GDF-15 can be used as a new marker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

Cardiovascular System ; Pharmacogenetics

Adenoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Preparing the tracheal prosthesis by biomaterials is crucial for studying the implant of long tracheal defect.The biocompatibility and biodegradability of collagen/hydroxyapatite (Col/HAp) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in vivo, as a artificial material for tracheal prosthesis, need to be observed.OBJECTIVE: To explore in vivo biodegradability of Col/HAp and PLGA of tracheal prosthesis in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlling observation.SETTING: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical College of Yangzhou University; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the National Experimental Animal Center of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March 2003 to December 2004. Sixteen SD rats of either gender were offered by this center, aged three months and weighed 150-170 g. Col/HAp and PLGA (the copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid according to the percent of 90:10) were self-made.METHODS: ①Empirical process: Rats were fed adaptively for 1 week and anesthetized. Then undermining dissection was performed along with musculi dorsal surface toward spine bilaterally, so as to form two capsular gaps, which were implanted with Col/HAp sponge and PLGA fiber mesh cloth respectively, in a size of 10 mm ×10 mm. ②Empirical evaluation: The postoperative activity, incision healing and rejection of rats were observed; 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively, the Col/HAp sponge and PLGA mat that were embedded subcutaneously as well as surrounding tissues were determined using scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In vivo biodegradability of two materials implanted in rats at different time points.RESULTS: ①All the animals could carry out normal activity, respiration and diet; no incision infection, fluidity, necrosis or sinus tract appeared; there was no edema in the skins of implanted area, neither hypersensitiveness nor toxicity was found; the implant materials had no rejection. ②The features of the implanted materials varied throughout the implantation. During the follow-up, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in the interface between the implants and neighboring host tissues in the early stage, phagocytes and fibroblastic cells were also observed later. As the process went on, the materials were biodegraded gradually, encapsulated by phagocytes, and replaced by newly generated fibrous tissues. No remarkable harmful influences of the composite materials on the neighboring host tissues such as apomorphosis, necrosis, hyperplasia and foreign body reaction were observed grossly and microscopically.CONCLUSION: All the implants show a good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Both Col/HAp and PLGA go through a gradual process of biodegradability, biological absorption and replacement by host tissues ultimately in vivo, which suggest that these two kinds of composite biomaterials will be used safely in developing tracheal prosthesis.

BACKGROUND:Swel ing after knee arthroplasty can produce tension bul ae, worsen pain, and even block venous return. Thus, intraventricular pressure of osseous fascia increases, which can block arterial blood circulation, even induce osteofascial compartment syndrome.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate efficacy of Cryf/cuff Systems and intermittent cold compress with hypertonic saline fol owing total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:A total of 60 patients with unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomly assigned into two groups. Persistent freezing group received treatment with Cryo/cuff Systems after arthroplasty, and intermittent cold group received intermittent cold compress with hypertonic saline after arthroplasty.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant differences in circumference differences in superior patel ar pole, patel ar midpoint, and thickest point of gastrocnemius muscle were detected between persistent freezing group and intermittent cold group at 1 and 2 days after total knee arthroplasty (P<0.05), but no significant difference was detectable at day 3. Visual analogue scale scores at rest and during activity were significantly lower in the persistent freezing group than those in the intermittent cold group at 1 and 2 days after total knee arthroplasty (P<0.01), but no significant difference was visible at day 3. Range of motion was better in the persistent freezing group than that in the intermittent cold group at 1, 2 and 3 days (P<0.01), but no significant difference was observed at 1 and 2 weeks. Mean skin temperature was higher in the persistent freezing group than that in the intermittent cold group at 3 days (P<0.05). Results suggested that Cryf/cuff Systems could lessen tissue swel ing and pain, increased range of motion compared with intermittent cold compress with hypertonic saline at 1 and 2 days after total knee arthroplasty, but no significant difference was detected at day 3. That is, intermittent cold compress with hypertonic saline can reach the same effect as Cryf/cuff Systems at day 3.