Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were first studied as growth factors or morphogens of the transforming growth factor-beta super family. These growth molecules, originally associated with bone and cartilage development, are now known to play important roles in morphogenesis and homeostasis in many other tissues. Recently, signiifcant contributions of BMPs, their receptors, and interacting molecules have been linked to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. BMPs can sometimes play a role as a tumor suppressor. This article explains the composition and biological characteristics of BMPs, and investigates their new roles in the pathogenesis of cancer.

Objective:To explore the possibility of treatment of microencapsulated transgeneic cells on allotransplantation cells. Methods: The peritoned cavity of mice were injected with Alginate-chitosan microencapsules, which were prepared by drop generative technique and contained human fibroblastlike bone marrow stroma cells transgened by partial CEA gene. Results: The microencapsulated cells transplanted in mouse abdominal cavity could go on growing, proliferate and increase the immune reaction of T lymphocyte from mice spleen to ConA stimulation in 3 months. Conclusion :The study shows that Alginate-chitosan have good biocompatibility, strength and can be used as an immunoisola-tion tool in cell transplantation. The microencapsulated cell transplantation can help to broaden the cell source of allotransplantation and provide reliable proof for the study on treatment malignant tumor with microencapsulated transgeneic cell vaccine.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) and the resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from biliary tract and abdominal cavity.METHODS ESBLs-producers were detected by CLSI Phenotypic Confirmatory Test and susceptibilities were tested by agar dilution method.RESULTS 50.1% Of isolates were ESBLs producers in those isolates.ESBLs producers were highly resistant to ampicillin,cefazolin,cefuroxime,fluoroquinolones,and cefotaxime.The resistant rate to ceftazidime,cefepime,cefoperazone-sulbactam,amikacin,and cefmetazole was less than 40%.None was resistant to meropenem in ESBLs producers.In non-ESBLs producers the resistant rate to ampicillin,cefazolin,cefuroxime,fluoroquinolones was more than 40% and most were susceptible to other antimicrobial agents.The resistant rate to ampicillin,cefazolin,cefuroxime,and ciprofloxacin was significantly higher in ESBLs producers than non-ESBLs producers.CONCLUSIONS With resistance to most of antimicrobial agents,ESBLs-producers were highly prevalent in E.coli isolates from biliary tract and abdominal cavity,so more attention should be paid to survey and detect those strains.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relevance between writing characteristic and therapeutic effect in schizophrenia and to discuss the influence of aggressive behavior on writing characteristic. METHODS: Recoding the casual and fixed writing in admission, one week, two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks after treatment and rating Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Choosing two characteristics, "relationship between font and grid lines" and "having big strokes or not", and comparing before and after treatment. RESULTS: Eight weeks after treatment, the score of PANSS decreased. The condition of patients and the writing characteristic improved as well. The differences of writing characteristics were statistically significant in patients with aggressive behavior before and after treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The writing characteristic has relation with therapeutic effects and improved with therapeutic effects in aggressive patients.
Aggression ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Humans ; Schizophrenia/therapy* ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Writing

Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) parameters on amblyopic patients with normal-vision atfer pleoptic therapy. Methods:We investigated 60 amblyopic children (8-12 years old) who gained normal-vision atfer pleoptic therapy. hTese patients were assigned to a unilateral amblyopia group (40 patients)and a bilateral amblyopia group (20 patients). Another 20 healthy children served as a control group. All patients underwent a full initial ophthalmologic and orthoptic evaluation. P-VEP test was performed in all. Amplitude and latencies were analyzed and compared among groups. The latencies of P100 waves in the amblyopic eyes were used to generate a multiple linear regression formula from sex, ifrst treatment age, baseline visual acuity, and cycloplegic refraction. Results:hTere was no signiifcant difference in the mean levels of best-corrected visual acuity among groups (P>0.05). A signiifcant prolongation of the latency and a decrease of amplitude of P100 waves were observed in the unilateral amblyopia group and the bilateral amblyopia group compared with the healthy control group (P<0.05). Amplitude and latencies of the fellow eyes in the unilateral amblyopia group were abnormal compared with the healthy control group (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the latencies of P100 waves were signiifcantly correlated with the ifrst treatment age, baseline visual acuity, and cycloplegic refraction (R2=0.52, P<0.05). Conclusion:Deifcits exist in the fellow eyes and in normal-vision eyes atfer pleoptic therapy. hTe delayed P100 latency is affected by the ifrst treatment age, baseline visual acuity, and cycloplegic refraction. Traditional amblyopic therapy may be not enough for vision function recovery.

Objective To analyze the MRI characteristics of cavernous angioma of the epidural space in spine.Methods MR imaging features of cavernous angioma of epidural space in 3 cases confirmed by surgery-pathology were analysed with literature review . Results Among the three cases,the tumors located in the lumbar spine in one and in the thoracic spine in 2.The tumors were all at posterior to the spinal cord and shuttle-shaped,the major axis was consistent with the spinal ordinate axis,the corresponding plane spinal cords were compressed and resulting in distortion and shift.The tumors were high signal intensity on T_2WI,and obviously homogeneous enhanced after Gd-DTPA administration. Conclusion MRI examination is the best method to diagnose this kind of disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of laminar shear stress ( LSS) on the proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) . Methods The influences of laminar shear stress ( the physiological levels) on MSCs were studied. DNA synthesis and cell cycle were measured,to detect the cellular proliferation. The apoptosis-related gene expression ( Bcl-2/Bax) was examined to determine the effect of LSS. Results The percentage of MSCs’ proliferation rate was reduced by the fluid shear stress. Furthermore,it was detected that LSS exerted a potent suppression effect on MSC apoptosis. Conclusion These data revealed a critical role of LSS in maintaining the quies-cence of MSCs.

Commensal microorganisms that colonize barrier surfaces of all multicellular organisms exist in harmony with their hosts and have an important effect on both immune and non-immune functions of their hosts. Numerous researches have shown that gastrointestinal microbiota being one of the most important commensal microorganisms plays a critical role in the occurrence, development and treatment of cancer. As-signing causal roles in cancer to specific microbes and microbiotas, unraveling host-microbiota interactions with environmental factors in carcinogenesis, and applying such knowledge to cancer diagnosis and treatment are areas of intensive interest. This review considers how microbes and the microbiota may amplify or miti-gate carcinogenesis, responsiveness to cancer therapeutics, and cancer-associated complications.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA in invasive ductal carcinoma and their clinical significance. Methods The expression of Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA were detected on mammary gland hyperplasia (30cases), intraductal breast carcinoma(30cases) and invasive ductal carcinoma (70cases)by in situ hybridization. Results The positive expression rate of Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA in mammary gland hyperplasia, intraductal breast carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma were 23. 3% ,46. 7% ,81.4% and 96. 7% ,66. 7% ,35.7% ,respectively. There was significant difference among them(P ＜ 0. 01). There was difference between Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA in the same group(P ＜0. 05). Snail mRNA was not related to age, tumor size or histopathological grade (P ＞0. 05) ,but it was related to lymphatic metastasis (P ＜0. 01). E-cad mRNA was not related to age, tumor size(P ＞0. 05),but it was related to lymphatic metastasis and histopathological grade(P ＜0. 01). There were positive relationship between Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA(r = -0. 56, P =0. 00). Conclusions The overexpression of Snail mRNA and low expression of E-cad mRNA were involved in the infiltration and metastasis of breast carcinoma, and they were related to lymphatic metastasis. Therefore, the test of the expression of them were valuable in predicting the prognostic and metastasis of breast carcinoma.

Objective:This study aims to analyze the occurrence rate, positive rate, and other related factors influencing interpec-toral lymph nodes (IPNs) in breast cancer patients. This work further aims to explore the significance and indications of the surgical dis-section of IPNs. Methods:Clinical and pathological data from 1673 breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were subjected to modified radical mastectomy, and IPNs were pathologically examined. The occurrence rate and metastasis of IPNs were recorded, and the relationship between the IPN positive rate and tumor size, axillary nodes, clinical stages, neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy, hormone receptors, Her-2 expression, and molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma was determined. Results:The occurrence rate, overall metastasis rate, and the positive rate of IPNs in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis were 13.39%, 4.30%, and 10.01%, respectively. IPN metastasis was significantly correlated with axillary node metastasis and the tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage of tumors (P<0.05). However, IPN metastasis was not significantly related with hormone receptor and Her-2 expressions. IPN metastasis rate may be unaffected by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with IPNs metastasis were characterized by larger tu-mors, more positive axillary lymph nodes, and later TNM stages. Conclusion:IPN metastasis usually occurs in patients with larger tu-mors, more positive axillary lymph nodes, later TNM stages, as well as those with locally advanced cancer that meet the standard of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. These indications suggest that the surgical dissection and pathological examination of IPNs should be rou-tinely performed.