Objective To observe the effect of Mongolian medicine Tonglaga-5 Pill on the osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid in the rats,and to provide experminted basis for its clinical application.Methods 60 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Ossptide Tablets group,Tonglaga-5 Pill groups with low,medium and high doses (n=10).The osteoporosis models were induced by retinoic acid in the rats.The levels of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1),insulin like growth factor (IGF-1)and bone indexes were detected and the contents of Ca and P in ash were also detected,and the changes of bone histomorphometry of the rats were observed under light microscope by HE staining.Results Compared with model group,the serum calcium and P contents of the rats in Tonglaga-5 Pill groups were increased,but there were no significant differences (P>0.05);the ALP levels were decreased significantly (P<0.05);the TGF-β1 and IGF-1 had no significant changes (P>0.05);the contents of calcium and P in ash were increased in different degrees,but there were no significant differences (P>0.05).Compared with control group,the femur maximum width index and minmum width index of the rats in model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the femur length index was increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the femur maximum width index and minmum width index of the rats in Tonglaga-5 Pill groups had no changes (P>0.05).Under light microscope,the rich and full bone trabecula was found in the rat femur in control group;the bone trabecula in model group was decreased,and the bone trabecula in Tonglaga-5 Pill groups was increased. Compared with model group, the trabecular bone areas in Tonglage-5 pill groups and Ossotide group were increased (P<0.05).Conclusion Tonglaga-5 Pill displays a certain preventive effect on the rats with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis,which can blocks the bone mineral loss,bone tissue structure changes and bone quality decreasing effectively.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of serious hyponatremia resulted from applying pitnitrin to massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract patients.Methods we used pitritrion on 2460 such patients and examined some symptoms of the digestive tract and nerve system,monitoring the dynamic state of blood sodium.Results The re- suits reveal that patients in 30 cases turned out to suffer from serious hyponatremia,whese sodium in the serum appeared less than 110 mmol/L,which was 1.22% of the rest subjects'.The relevant symptoms included nausea,vomit,spoor,coma and twitch etc.Following remedies included liquid supply with a high-concentrated sodium,ceasing using pituitrin,in- take of salute foods,and dynamic monitoring on the state of sodium in the serum.All patients recovered in 1 to 3 days without a single failure.Conclusion Thus we reach this conclusion:When applying pituitrin to massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract patients,the above mentioned symptoms should be closely examined,and blood sodium should be timely monitored so that proper treatment should arrive in time.

BACKGROUND: Preparing the tracheal prosthesis by biomaterials is crucial for studying the implant of long tracheal defect.The biocompatibility and biodegradability of collagen/hydroxyapatite (Col/HAp) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in vivo, as a artificial material for tracheal prosthesis, need to be observed.OBJECTIVE: To explore in vivo biodegradability of Col/HAp and PLGA of tracheal prosthesis in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlling observation.SETTING: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical College of Yangzhou University; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the National Experimental Animal Center of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March 2003 to December 2004. Sixteen SD rats of either gender were offered by this center, aged three months and weighed 150-170 g. Col/HAp and PLGA (the copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid according to the percent of 90:10) were self-made.METHODS: ①Empirical process: Rats were fed adaptively for 1 week and anesthetized. Then undermining dissection was performed along with musculi dorsal surface toward spine bilaterally, so as to form two capsular gaps, which were implanted with Col/HAp sponge and PLGA fiber mesh cloth respectively, in a size of 10 mm ×10 mm. ②Empirical evaluation: The postoperative activity, incision healing and rejection of rats were observed; 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively, the Col/HAp sponge and PLGA mat that were embedded subcutaneously as well as surrounding tissues were determined using scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In vivo biodegradability of two materials implanted in rats at different time points.RESULTS: ①All the animals could carry out normal activity, respiration and diet; no incision infection, fluidity, necrosis or sinus tract appeared; there was no edema in the skins of implanted area, neither hypersensitiveness nor toxicity was found; the implant materials had no rejection. ②The features of the implanted materials varied throughout the implantation. During the follow-up, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in the interface between the implants and neighboring host tissues in the early stage, phagocytes and fibroblastic cells were also observed later. As the process went on, the materials were biodegraded gradually, encapsulated by phagocytes, and replaced by newly generated fibrous tissues. No remarkable harmful influences of the composite materials on the neighboring host tissues such as apomorphosis, necrosis, hyperplasia and foreign body reaction were observed grossly and microscopically.CONCLUSION: All the implants show a good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Both Col/HAp and PLGA go through a gradual process of biodegradability, biological absorption and replacement by host tissues ultimately in vivo, which suggest that these two kinds of composite biomaterials will be used safely in developing tracheal prosthesis.

The article describes the current situation of training mode of community nurses in community health service institutions in Hubei province from several aspects,including training object,training target,training base,teaching staff,training organization and government,training method and time,training curriculum,training effect evaluation and certification.The article suggests a multitude of factors influencing the training quality,such as formal training,dominant job training,and monotonous community training content and less training time.Overall,the government should be done something to increase government support and funding and accelerate the community nursing services and community nursing education.It is also essential to establish community nursing personnel training mechanism,improve and perfect the community health personnel training system,increase the construction of community nursing practice base and facilities and strengthen clinical practice skills.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of microbial limit test for Ofloxacin gel. METHODS:Test sample solutions were prepared by MnSO4,CaCl2 and MgCl2 gelout with different concentrations,the numbers of bacteria and control bacteria were detected by membrane filtration method,and the numbers of molds and yeasts were determined by conventional method. RE-SULTS:The conventional method showed the recoveries of Candida albicaus and Aspergillus niger were more than 70% after not treated by gel breaker;the membrane filtration method showed the recoveries of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aurus and Baci-lus subtilis were more than 70% after treated by 5% MnSO4,3% CaCl2 and 1% MgCl2;the membrane filtration method could de-tect the control bacteria after treated by gel breaker. CONCLUSIONS:Gel breaker with appropriate concentrations can effectively eliminate the antibacterial activity of Ofloxacin gel. The established method is suitable for its microbial limit test.

Objective:To observe the pulmonary apoptosis resulted from ischemia reperfusion lung injury in rats. Methods: Forty male SD rats, weighing 300 350 g,were randomly divided into 8 groups: 6 ischemia reperfusion group,simple ischemia group and control group( n =5).An in situ ischemia reperfusion lung injury rat model was established. Apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediate dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique and the apoptotic DNA fragments by pulmonary DNA electrophoresis. Electron microscopy was performed to verify the morphologic changes of apoptosis. Results: Obvious apoptosis of pneumocytes occurred early after(30 min) ischemia reperfusion lung injury, with the peak on 2 h after reperfusion, and there were no significant differences 12 h after reperfusion compared with control group. There was a slight but no statistically significant elevation of apoptotic pneumocytes number in simple ischemia group compared with controls. Conclusion: The result indicates that apoptosis may contribute significantly to ischemia reperfusion lung injury.

It is well known that health education,as an effective intervention approach,plays an important role in the prevention and rehabilitation of coronary heart disease. This paper analyzed existing problems,corresponding solutions and research directions of the effectiveness evaluation indexes of coro-nary heart disease health education and proposed that China should build a standard,reasonable and perfect effectiveness evaluation index system of coronary heart disease health education which combines short-term and long-term evaluation indexes and some relevant standard scales, with the purpose of en-hancing the working efficiency of educators and promoting scientization,standardization and normalization of effectiveness evaluation of health education.

Objective To evaluate the possibility, methods and efficiency of simultaneous transcatheter therapy for perimembranous ventricular septal defect(PMVSD) combined with atrial septal defect(ASD).Methods Four patients with PMVSD combined with ASD, including 3 males and 1 female, age ranging from 12 to 26 years; underwent simultaneous attempted transcatheter therapy. The diameters of PMVSD were 3-6 mm and the distances from the defect rim to aortic valve were 2-6 mm by the echocardiography before the precedure. The stretched diameter of ASD was 6-10 mm. PMVSD were occluded using homemade two-disc PMVSD occluder first and the ASD were occluded later on. Results All patients were treated successfully at one time. The diameter of PMVSD were 3.5-10.0 mm, the diameters of occluder was 4-12 mm. The stretched diameter of ASD was 6-10 mm and the occluder diameter was 6-12 mm. No residual shunt was found by the transthoracic echocardiography and left ventriculography after the occluders deployed. No complication occurred. Conclusion Simultaneous transcatheter therapy for PMVSD combined with ASD is feasible, safe and effective.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of detection of plasma microRNA-21,-143 in identifying early esophageal cancer and esophageal non-tumor diseases.Methods The expression of plasma microRNA-21,-143 in 27 cases of patients with early esophageal cancer (esophagus cancer group),25 cases of patients with non-esophageal tumor (non-esophageal tumor group)and in the healthy controls were detected by RT-PCR,and detected the levels of plasma CEA and CA72-4 by the electrochemical luminescence technology,which of changes were analysed to observe the relationship between the changes and the esophageal cancer,the benign esophageal diseases for the two markers.Results The expression of plasma microRNA-21,-143 in the esophagus cancer group were 0.93±0.17,0.27±0.05,which of ones in the non-esophagus cancer group were 0.25±0.03,0.99±0.15,and with those in the control group were 0.23±0.03,1.02±0.15.Compared with those in the non-esophagus cancer group,the expression of plasma microRNA-21,-143 were obviously up or down-regulated with significant differences (t=10.87,11.55,P＜0.01).Compared with those in the control group,which of ones were obviously up or down-regulated with significant differences (t=9.20,9.07,P＜0.01),and with no statistical significances in comparison between the esophagus cancer group and the control group (t=1.39,1.19,P＞0.05).The positiverate of plasma microRNA-21,-143 in the esophageal cancer,non-esophagus cancer group and the control group were,81.4 ％ (22/27),4.0 ％(1/25) and 0 (0/24);85.1％ (23/27),4.0％ (1/25),and 0 (0/24),respectively.The positive rate of microRNA-21,-143 in the esophageal group respectively in comparison with those in the non-esophagus cancer group and the control group were significantly higher,the differences had statistical significances (x2 =31.59,34.39,P＜ 0.01;x2 =34.42,37.23,P＜ 0.01).The expression of two markers in the esophagus cancer group were no statistically significant differences compared with control group (x2 =0.980,0.980,P＞0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of microRNA-21,-143 in early diagnosis on the esophageal cancer were 81.4 ％,97.9 ％ and 85.1％,97.9 ％.The sensitivity of microRNA-21,-143 in the esophageal group were significantly higher compared with those of CEA and CA72-4,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.79,P＜0.01;x2 =5.33,P＜0.05;x2 =15.03,P＜0.01;x2 =6.95,P＜0.05).The specificity of microRNA-21,-143 in the esophageal cancer group were no statistically significant differences in comparison with those of CEA and CA72-4 (x2 =1.043,0.000,P＞0.05) and (x2=1.043,0.000,P＞0.05),respectively.The analysis results from the spearman correlation test showed that in the esophageal cancer group,the expression of plasma microRNA-21,-143 had a negative correlation (r =0.658,P＜0.01).Which of ones respectively associated with the levels of CEA and CA72-4 (r=0.607,0.623,P＜0.01 and r=0.579,0.610,P＜0.01).Conclution The detection of expression of plasma miRNA-21,miRNA-143 in the patients with the early esophageal cancer and non-esophageal tumor can provide a new train of thought for pathologic diagnosis of early esophageal cancer.

The current problems of pharmacology teaching in nursing in 3-year program colleges lie in that the teaching ideas drop behind;course orientation is vague;the development of text books lags;the contents lack characteristics;and there is no clear aims in the practice teaching.So,it is essential to make the teaching evolution.First,according to the post needs,the orientation of the courses should be definite,and new ideas about the curriculum should be set up.Meanwhile,the development of text books should be speeded up and the teaching contents should be optimized.Then,practice teaching needs to be improved,and cultivation of their comprehensive competence should be enhanced.To improve the students’professional qualities,emphasis on the penetration of humanities should be paid attention to.