The ultrasonographic appearances of osteosarcomas and the roles of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and surgical staging of osteosarcomas were investigated. A comparative study was performed on 45 cases of osteosarcomas by ultrasonography and radiography. Bony changes, periosteal reaction and soft tissue mass were evaluated for each lesion. The results showed that ultrasonography revealed a solid mass around bone in 42 patients, bone destruction in 24 patients and periosteal reaction in 16 patients. Plain radiographs showed bony changes in 44 patients and no bony change in remaining one patient, shadowing of soft tissue swelling in 30 patients, and pulmonary metastases in 3 patients. Surgical biopsy and pathological examination confirmed osteosarcoma in all 45 patients. Soft tissue mass was confirmed in 42 patients surgically. The diagnostic accuracy of soft tissue masses by ultrasonography and radiography was 100 % (42/42) and 71.4 % (30/42), respectively. The positive rate of ultrasonography and radiography in displaying bony changes was 53.3 % (24/45) and 97.8 % (44/45), respectively. In conclusion, in the detection of soft tissue mass of osteosarcoma, ultrasonography is superior to radiography, and in displaying bony changes of osteosarcomas, radiography is superior to ultrasonography. So it may come to a conclusion that plain radiography combined with ultrasonography can completely display the bony and soft tissue lesion of osteosarcomas.

Effect of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement-mediated expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in synovial fibroblasts was investigated. Synovial tissue obtained from total knee arthroplasty was digested and cultured. Inverted microscope was employed to observe the synovial cells and immunocytochemistry (SABC method) staining was used to identify synovial fibroblasts. This experiment was divided into three groups according to different culture media: PMMA group (75 μg/mL PMMA bone cement particles), IL-6R antibody group (10 ng/mL IL-6R antibody+75 μg/mL PMMA bone cement particles), and control group (no IL-6R antibody or PMMA bone cement particles). Influence of IL-6R antibody and PMMA on proliferation of synovial fibroblasts was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). ELISA method was used to measure OPG and RANKL levels in culture solution. Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the expression of OPG and RANKL mRNA. After three consecutive passages, more than 95% of the primary synovial cells became long spindle fibroblast-like cells. SABC staining results showed that the fibroblast-like cells were negative for anti-CD68 antibody and positive for anti-vimentin antibody, with brown madder stained. CCK-8 test demonstrated that the absorbance (A) value at 450 nm was significantly lower in IL-6R antibody group than in PMMA group and control group (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in A value at 450 nm between the control group and PMMA group (P>0.05). Results of ELISA indicated that the expression of OPG was significantly higher in IL-6R antibody group than in PMMA group and control group (P<0.01). The expression of RANKL was inhibited (P<0.05), and the ratio of OPG/RANKL was significantly increased in IL-6R antibody group as compared with PMMA group and control group. There was no significant difference in the expression of OPG between control group and PMMA group (P>0.05), but the expression of RANKL was higher in PMMA group than in control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in the ratio of OPG/RANKL between them (P<0.05). Results of FQ-PCR revealed the expression of RANKL mRNA was significantly inhibited (P<0.01) and the expression of OPG mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.01) in IL-6R antibody group as compared with PMMA group and control group. The expression of RANKL mRNA was higher in PMMA group than in control group (P<0.05), but the expression of OPG mRNA had no significant difference between them (P>0.05). IL-6R antibody could significantly increase the expression of OPG, but inhibit the expression of RANKL, which might provide a theoretical basis of molecular biology for the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening of prosthesis.

Objective To investigate and analyze the preventive effect of boron on the cartilage damage in rats with intake excessive fluoride. Methods Fifty-ix Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (C, intake distilled water), the excessive fluoride dose group (EF, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F-) and the boron prevention group (P, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F- as well as the supplemental boron dietary). 3 to 5 months later, fluorine contents in serum, RNA contents in costal cartilage were assayed. The morphological changes in tibia growth plate cartilage (GPC) in rats were observed. Results Although exposed to the same dose of fluoride, the fluorine contents in serum in rats of P group decreased notably compared with those of EF group, the damage of tibia GPC under optical and electron microscope lessened significantly, and RNA contents in costal cartilage increased obviously in the 3rd month. Conclusion Boron added could decrease the fluorine level in the body and relieve the toxic symptom of excess fluoride, and thus boron has a preventive effect on skeletal fluorosis.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of natural type ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) and its stereoisomers [20 (R)-Rg2 and 20 (S)-Rg2] at different concentrations on oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reperfusion (OGD/R) induced cortical neuronal injury model in vitro, and to explore the mechanism, and compare their differences of action.

METHODSCortical neurons after 7-day culture were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the control group, the model group, the Rg2 group, 20 (R) -Rg2 group, and 20 (S) - Rg2 group. Cortical neurons in the Rg2 group, 20 (R)-Rg2 group, and 20(S)-Rg2 group were pretreated with 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2, 20 (R) -Rg2, and 20 (S) -Rg2 for 24 h to prepare OGD/R model. The cell survival rate, the activity of Caspase-3, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected 24 h later.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, cell survival rates and activities of SOD obviously decreased, the activity of Caspase-3, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value, and contents of MDA significantly increased with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, cell survival rates and activities of SOD obviously increased, the activity of Caspase-3, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value, and contents of MDA significantly decreased in 20 μmol/L Rg2 group, 40 μmol/L 20 (R) -Rg2 group, and 80 μmol/L 20 (S) -Rg2 group (P < 0.05). Compared with 20(S)-Rg2 group, cell survival rates increased and contents of MDA significantly decreased in 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2 and 20 (R)-Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). The activity of Caspase-3 decreased and contents of SOD increased in 80 μmol/L 20 (R)-Rg2 group, and 40, 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value decreased in 40, 80 μmol/L Rg2 and 20 (R)-Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with 20 (R)-Rg2 group, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value decreased in 80 μmol/L Rg2 group (P < 0.05); contents of SOD increased in 40 and 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05); contents of MDA decreased in 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRg2 and its stereoisomers could improve cell vitality of cortical neurons against OGD/R induced injury. This might be related to improving anti-apoptotic capacities and antioxidant abilities, and reducing Ca2+ inflow. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of 20 (R) -Rg2 was better than that of 20 (S) -Rg2, but inferior to that of Rg2.

Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Oxygen ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; Stereoisomerism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Acetabulum ; transplantation ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo determine the significance of MSCT perfusion scan on differentiation of NSCLC and to investigate its possible mechanisms.

METHODSForty four NSCLC patients underwent CT perfusion scan by MSCT. Among them, 22 cases were selected to detected the two-dimensional tumor microvascular architecture phenotype (2D-TMAP), the relationships between CT perfusion parameters (BF, BV, PEI, TIP), and the differentiation of NSCLC were analysed by using the correlation analysis and trend test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the relationships between CT perfusion parameters, differentiation, and 2D-TMAP.

RESULTSThe total BF, BV and PEI decreased with decreasing differentiation of NSCLC (P<0.05). The total PEI showed a positive correlation with the total MVD (P<0.05). There were negative correlations between the surrounding area BF, the total BF, BV, and PEI, the uncomplete lumen of the surrounding area MVD, and expression of PCNA, respectively (P<0.05). There were positive correlations between degree of differentiation and the uncomplete lumen of the surrounding area MVD (P<0.05). It was the same as degree of differentiation and expression of PCNA, VEGF, respectively. There were positive correlations between the uncomplete lumen of the surrounding area MVD and expression of VEGF, ephrinB2, EphB4, and PCNA, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPerfusion parameters reflect the difference of density of vassels with mature functional lumen. Careful evaluation of the differences of blood flow pattern in pulmonary space-occupying lesions by MSCT perfusion scan can be used to identify the degree of NSCLC differentiation.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Microvessels ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Perfusion ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of the expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and their relationship with multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging.

METHODSThirty-one nodules with pathologically proven NSCLC underwent CT perfusion scan. The perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), peak enhancement image (PEI) were collected. The expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 in tumor cells and interstitial vasculature were detected by immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis and trend test were used to assess the relationship between ephrinB2/EphB4 expression and clinicopathological features, and between ephrinB2/EphB4 expression and perfusion parameters.

RESULTSPositive expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 in the NSCLC group was 83.9% and 71.0%, respectively, significantly higher than that in the internal control group (P < 0.01). The expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 was consistently in tumor parenchyma but differently in tumor vessels. The expressions of ephrinB2 and EphB4 were positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). The expression of EphB4 was negatively correlated with blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV), respectively (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between ephrinB2 expression and BF (r = 0.516, P = 0.003), and a positive correlation between ephrinB2 expression and BV (r = 0.448, P = 0.013). The expressions of ephrinB2 and EphB4 were not correlated with PEI (P > 0.05). The values of BF and BV in the high and moderate EphB4 expression groups were significantly decreased compared with that in the negative group (P < 0.01). The value of BF in the high ephrinB2 expression group was significantly increased compared with that in the moderately positive group and negative group (P < 0.01). The value of BV in the high ephrinB2 expression group was significantly increased compared with that in the negative group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe CT pulmonary perfusion imaging reflects the density difference of blood vessels with functional lumen, and such difference also depends on the quantity and quality of vasculature with functional lumen.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Volume ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Ephrin-B2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion Imaging ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Receptor, EphB4 ; metabolism ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and reducing mortality in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

METHODSThe randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about probiotics for preventing NEC in preterm neonates were searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu and Wanfang Data from their establishment to March 2014. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 Software was used for a Meta analysis.

RESULTSA total of 21 RCTs involving 4 607 preterm VLBW infants were eligible for inclusion in the Meta analysis. The Meta analysis showed that probiotic supplement was associated with a significantly decreased risk of NEC in preterm VLBW infants (RR=0.47; 95%CI: 0.35-0.62; P<0.001). Risk of mortality was also significantly reduced in the probiotic group (RR=0.63; 95%CI: 0.51-0.78; P<0.01). Probiotic supplement did not decrease the risk for sepsis (RR=0.87; 95%CI: 0.72-1.06; P=0.17) and NEC related mortality (RR=0.68; 95%CI: 0.31-1.48, P=0.33).

CONCLUSIONSThe results confirm that probiotic supplement can reduce risk of NEC and mortality in preterm VLBW infants. However, the long-term effects and safety of probiotics need to be assessed in large trials.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Probiotics ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sepsis ; prevention & control

Effect of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement-mediated expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in synovial fibroblasts was investigated. Synovial tissue obtained from total knee arthroplasty was digested and cultured. Inverted microscope was employed to observe the synovial cells and immunocytochemistry (SABC method) staining was used to identify synovial fibroblasts. This experiment was divided into three groups according to different culture media: PMMA group (75 μg/mL PMMA bone cement particles), IL-6R antibody group (10 ng/mL IL-6R antibody+75 μg/mL PMMA bone cement particles), and control group (no IL-6R antibody or PMMA bone cement particles). Influence of IL-6R antibody and PMMA on proliferation of synovial fibroblasts was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). ELISA method was used to measure OPG and RANKL levels in culture solution. Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the expression of OPG and RANKL mRNA. After three consecutive passages, more than 95% of the primary synovial cells became long spindle fibroblast-like cells. SABC staining results showed that the fibroblast-like cells were negative for anti-CD68 antibody and positive for anti-vimentin antibody, with brown madder stained. CCK-8 test demonstrated that the absorbance (A) value at 450 nm was significantly lower in IL-6R antibody group than in PMMA group and control group (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in A value at 450 nm between the control group and PMMA group (P>0.05). Results of ELISA indicated that the expression of OPG was significantly higher in IL-6R antibody group than in PMMA group and control group (P<0.01). The expression of RANKL was inhibited (P<0.05), and the ratio of OPG/RANKL was significantly increased in IL-6R antibody group as compared with PMMA group and control group. There was no significant difference in the expression of OPG between control group and PMMA group (P>0.05), but the expression of RANKL was higher in PMMA group than in control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in the ratio of OPG/RANKL between them (P<0.05). Results of FQ-PCR revealed the expression of RANKL mRNA was significantly inhibited (P<0.01) and the expression of OPG mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.01) in IL-6R antibody group as compared with PMMA group and control group. The expression of RANKL mRNA was higher in PMMA group than in control group (P<0.05), but the expression of OPG mRNA had no significant difference between them (P>0.05). IL-6R antibody could significantly increase the expression of OPG, but inhibit the expression of RANKL, which might provide a theoretical basis of molecular biology for the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening of prosthesis.
Antibodies ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Bone Cements ; Fibroblasts ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Osteoprotegerin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; administration & dosage ; Prostheses and Implants ; RANK Ligand ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; metabolism ; Synovial Fluid ; immunology ; metabolism

Ziel ist die Analyse der Neigungslage des Beckens im Liegen und im Stehen bzw.die Beobachtung der Stabilit(a)t der Beckenfl(a)che als Beckenfl(a)che für die Acetabulum-Prothese Transplantation. 72 Testpersonen wurden je nach Status ihres Pfannengelenks in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt:Gruppe 1 "mit gesundem Pfannengelenk", Gruppe 2 "mit Arthritis" und Gruppe 3 "nach Implantation der Hüftendoprothese". Unter dem Einsatz von 3D- Digital-Instrument wurde die Fl(a)chen-Neigung vor dem Becken jeweils im Liegen und im Stehen gemessen und die Messwerte wurden verglichen. Die Fl(a)chen-Neigungen vor dem Becken bei allen 3 Gruppen (mit gesundem Pfannengelenk/mit Arthritis/nach Operation) im Liegen sind: 6.37°± 3.70°, 6. 47°± 3.52° und 4.56°±2.39°. Im Stehen sind es 7.33°±3.08°, 6.60°±3.45° und 6.74°±3.43°. Der Fl(a)chen-Neigungsunterschied vor dem Becken im Liegen und im Stehen hat keine grosse Bedeutung (P＞0.05).Die (A)nderung der Fl(a)chen-Neigung vor dem Becken vom Liegen bis zum Stehen ist kleiner als 2.5°.Die Fl(a)che vor dem Becken (pelvic anterior plane, PAP) als Bezugsfl(a)che für Hüftpfanne-Prothese Transplantation bei klinischer Operation ist stabil und verlaβlich.