Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a slowly progressive autoimmune disease of the liver.Studies on the pathphysiology of this disease have demonstrated the immune-mediated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts and portal infammation seem to be the result of an intense autoimmune response directed against the autoantigens located in the biliary epithelium.Immunologically,PBC is characterized by the presense of antimitochodrial antibodies,elevated serum IgM and lymphoid infiltration in the portal tract.Indeed,the relationships between IgM and PBC have been a major focus of research on its pathphysiology,which lead to an increased understanding of the abnormal immune responses involved in PBC.This review summarizes data on the biological and clinical significance of Hyper-IgM in PBC,and highlights the potential role of IgM for the diagnosis and treatment of PBC.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regularity and characteristics of ADR induced by levofloxacin. METHODS: Retrieved from, CHKD of CNKI and Wanfang database, a total of 205 literatures about levofloxacin-induced ADR were collected and analyzed statistically in respect of patients’ gender, age, case history, administration route, clinical manifestation and result of treatment. RESULTS: 483 cases(92.9%) were given levofloxacin intravenously in total of 520 ADR cases. 156 cases were characterized with lesion of skin and its appendants (30.0%), followed by lesion of nervous system (n=133, 25.6%), lesion of cardiovascular system (n=65, 12.5%) and anaphylactic shock (n=45, 8.7%). The earliest ADR occurred within 2 min after administration while the latest occurred in 34 d after administration. 514 cases recovered when drug withdrawal or treatment were taken. However, there were 2 cases of sequelae, 4 cases of death and 62 cases of unexpected serious ADRs. CONCLUSION:ADRs induced by levofloxacin present complicated and various symptoms caused by several factors in which the most serious result in death. Clinical doctors should pay more attention to levofloxacin-induced ADRs.

Objective To observe the incidence of acute radiation pneumonitis (RP)after intensity modulated radiation therapy,and to explore the relationship between the incidence of RP and the parameters from dose-volume histogram (DVH)in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods By Pinnacle 7.6c TPS, 46 patients with NSCLC were treated by IMRT.The values of the percentages of the lung volumes receieved 5, 10,20,and 30 Gy radition to the total lung volumes (V5 ,V10 ,V20 ,V30 )and mean lung dose (MLD)were observed,and its correlation with acute RP was analyzed.Results The incidence of acute RP of the patients with NSCLC was 37.0% (17/46),among then there were 29 cases (63.0%)of Grade 0 (non-pneumonitis group), 12 cases (26.1%)of Grade 1,5 cases (10.9%)of Grade 2,and there were no Grade 4 and 5 RP.The values of V5,V10,V20,V30,and MLD of lung were 53.34 %,43.12%,24.15%,15.36 %,and 16.02 Gy.The values of V5,V10,V20,V30,and MLD in pneumonitis group were 57.81%,48.91%,31.34%,17.83%, 21.71 Gy,and they were 49. 81%,39.78%,21.82%,13.12%,and 13.71 Gy in non-pneumonitis group, there were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion The intensity modulated radiation therapy in treatment of NSCLC can protect the lung tissue,and the parameters of DVH such as V5 ,V10 ,V20 , V30 and MLD can predict the occurrence of RP.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Tanreqing Injection in treatment of acute irradiation oropharyngeal mucositis in the patients with head and neck cancer, and to provide reference for its clinical application.Methods Fifty patients with head and neck cancer were randomly divided into treatment group and control group(n=25).The patients in treatment group received concurrently intravenous infusion of Tanreqing Inj ection during irradiation course.The patients in control group received daily regular oral nursing;oropharyngeal mucositis was evaluated according to the protocol proposed by RTOG.Results The patients in treatment group with Ⅰ and Ⅱ oropharyngeal mucosal injury accounted for 76%,and the patients in control group with Ⅲ,Ⅳoropharyngeal mucosal injury accounted for 60%,there was statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).The scores of the patients with oropharyngeal pain in treatment group were 0-3 (mild),in control group they were 4- 6 (moderate).The patients with mild,moderate,and severe oropharyngeal pain in treatment group and control group after radiotherapy accounted for 72%,24%,4% and 12%,64%,24%;there were statistically significant differences between two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Tanreqing Injection has a good therapeutic effect on acute radiation stomatitis and layngopharyngitis, and it has the effects of relieving oral and pharyngeal mucosa inj ury,anti-inflammatory and analgesic and accelerating wound healing.

Objective To evaluate the timing of postoperative parenteral nutrition support for gastrointestinal tumor patients with a definite nutritional risk.Methods Using a randomized control clinical research methods,80 gastrointestinal cancer patients were randomly divided into study group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases).In the study group parenteral nutrition support started on postoperative day 2,while in the control group it started on postoperative day 1.Flatus passing,the rate of infectious complications,the rate of systemic inflammatory response syndrome,postoperative nutrition support related expenses,and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Results There was no significant differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05) in age,sex,body mass index,use of glutamine,disease and type of surgery.Compared with the control group,patients in the study group had earlier postoperative flatus passing [(3.33± 1.10) d vs.(4.03 ± 1.51) d,P =0.020],less systemic inflammation response syndrome (8/40 vs.17/40,P =0.030),shorter postoperative hospital stay [(3.33±1.10) d vs.(4.03±1.51) d,P=0.020] and lower nutrition support costs [(2144.49 ±1210.96) RMB vs.(2915.99 ± 1615.68) RMB,P =0.018].There was no significant difference in postoperative nutrition index,peristalsis recovery time and infectious complications between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In patients undergoing surgery for GI tumors,parenteral nutrition support started on post-op day 2 promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function,while decreasing medical cost.

The medical education has long paid great attention to students' specialized knowledge education and neglected the humanities education for all-around development excessively. Diagnostics is a bridge curriculum between basic medicine and clinical medicine. Enhancing the quality education by fully combining the process of diagnostics teaching plays an important role in qualified medical talents training.

With the development of medical imaging technology, hemodynamics-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has gradually become one of the major tools to investigate human brain function, however, it is of limited temporal resolution. In recent years, neuronal current MRI (nc-MRI) was proposed as a new imaging method to directly map the magnetic field change caused by neural activities. Theoretically, nc-MRI can non-inva- sively locate brain activities with very high spatial and temporal resolution, thus it may greatly improve the study of human brain function. This paper reviews the construction mechanism of nc-MRI, including theoretical model of the neuronal magnetic field and signal source. Arithmetic simulation of nc-MRI signal with an illustration of our work on simulation of a dendrite branch magnetic field is presented. New development of the experimental studies and foreground of nc-MRI area are discussed.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the ultrasonography in greater omentum lesions.Methods The ultrasonic findings in 33 patients with greater omentum lesions were compared with the pat hological result of operation,celioscope or ascites cytology.Results The lesions in 27 of 33 patients(81.8%)were localed within the treater omemurn,and pathological changes of 26/33(78.8%)were found by ultrasonography.These greater omentum lesions appeared as characteristics of thickened,shifted and peculiar-echo.Conclusion The lOcation and pathological nature of the primary affection can be approximately estinlated according to the localizatiOn and sonographic appearance of the greater omentum by experienced physicians.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of combined recombinant human IL-11(rhIL-11) and recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) on the neutron-irradiated dogs. Methods 18 male beagle dogs were divided into radiation control group (C, n=7), symptomatic treatment group (S, n=4), and combination therapy group (T, n=7). All dogs were exposed to total body 2Gy 90% neutron radiation. From the first day after radiation, the animals of group T received rhG-CSF 10?g/(kg?d) and rhIL-11 50?g/(kg?d) subeutaneously for 14d and 21d respectively. The cell counts of peripheral blood and CFU-GM of bone marrow were carried out. Results All animals of group S and T survived, however, the survival rate of group C was only 57%. The cellcounts of T group peripheral blood cells (white blood cell at any time point , the platelet and red blood cell of recovery phase) were higher than that of C or S group. The count of T group bone marrow CFU-GM was 6 fold higher than that of group C or S on day 1, and still 1.75, 1.46 fold higher than that group C or S, respectively, on day 33. Conclusion the combination therapy of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF significantly raised the white cell and platelet counts in ARS dogs induced by neutron irradiation by accelerating the recovery of bone marrow hematopoietic function.

Objective To discuss clinical results of self-made anatomical dynamic hip lock plate (ADHLP) in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Methods ADHLP was applied in 73 patients in-eluding 52 males and 21 females at age range of 19-92 years ( mean 54.7 years). Fractures were caused by traffic accidents in 32 patients, sllp in 21, fall from height in nine and other factors in 11. According to the Evans' s classification system, there were 42 patients with type Ⅰ fractures, 17 with type Ⅱ, nine with type Ⅲ and five with type Ⅳ. Self-made ADHLP was applied to manage various fractures with differ-ent operation strategies. The curative effect of ADHLP was observed for evaluation of ADHLP. Results The operation lasted for mean 60 minutes (40-90 minutes). The volume of blood loss was mean 200 ml (100-400 ml). All patients were followed up for 6-48 months (average 36 months), which showed that the function of hips was satisfactory, with excellence rate of 99%. There were no complications like coxa yam, femoral head eoncis, rotation displacement, iatrogenic fracture, infection or internal fixation break and loosening. Conclusions ADHLP takes advantages of reasonable vitodynamics, wide operation in-dicatioas, convenient operation, minor trauma, fast recovery, stable fixation and few complications for in-tertrochantefie fractures, especial]y osteoporotie and gemntal patients.