OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection conditions of Chlamydia trachomatis in the women who were suffering from vaginitis,cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease.METHODS Collecting cervical secretion and using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) technology to examine the infection conditions of C.trachomatis in 1001 vaginitis,302 cervicitis and 206 pelvic inflammatory disease women.RESULTS In 1001 vaginitis patients,113 samples were C.trachomatis positive(11.29%).Among 302 cervicitis patients,45 samples were C.trachomatis positive(14.09%).In 206 pelvic inflammatory disease patients,29 samples were C.trachomatis positive(14.08%).CONCLUSIONS The infection rate of C.trachomatis in vaginitis,cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease women is relatively higher.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection conditions of human papillomavirus-16(HPV-16) and-18(HPV-18) in 382 healthy women and 118 uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women.METHODS Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) was used to detect HPV-16 and HPV-18 in 382 healthy women and 118 uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women.RESULTS In 382 healthy women,two samples were HPV-16 positive,and one sample was HPV-18 positive,with 0.52% and 0.26%,respectively.In 118 uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women,eight samples were HPV-16 positive,and three samples were HPV-18 positive,with 6.78% and 2.54%,respectively.This study made a comparison of the positive rate of HPV-16 and HPV-18 between healthy women group and uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women group.There were marked differences between these two groups(P

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of the many kinds of combined skin flaps of foot which used for repairing of many places and polymorphous skin defects of hands.Methods This study included 18 patients (15 male and 3 female) with a mean age of 32.6 years (range 15-56 years) between September 2003 and January 2012.The skin defect of hand were 2-3 places and the size of the defect ranged 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm-2.5 cm × 13.0 cm.All of them with bones and tendons exposure or defect.These 18 patients with many places and polymorphous skin defects of hands were treated with combined anterosuperior malleolusdorsalls pedis flaps (6 cases),three-leaf flap of dorsum of foot (2 cases),combined the first dorsal metatarsal artery island flap and toe back flap (5 cases)and combined toe back flaps (5 cases).Meanwhile,deep peroneal nerve was used to repair defect of digital nerve or dorsal digital nerve and long extensor tendon of toes was used to repair digital flexor tendon or digital extensor tendon.Results Eighteen patients with 32 flaps survived.In the follow-up of 4 months-2 years,the fingers and skin flaps were in good shape and normal color.The sensation of the hands of the patients with nerve repaired was restored to S2-S3 and the two-point discrimination was 8-10 mm.The motor function of the hands of the patients with tendons repaired was good,which can be competent to daily life and work.Conclusion Many kinds of combined skin flaps of foot were used to repair many places and polymorphous skin defects of hands.

Objective To discuss clinical effect and feasibility of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadendenectomy assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) in the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadendenectomy assisted radical vaginal hysteretomy was performed in 38 patients with cervical cancer. The operative quality and postoperative recovery effects were analyzed. Results All 38 patients were successfully performed with LARVH and no complications. The radical vaginal hysteretomy were performed in all of patients, 21.4±2.2 pelvic lymph nodes were removed. The average duration of surgery was (240±25.6) min and the average hemorrhage was (340±40.2) ml. There were 7 patients who needed blood transfusion during operation. After operation, the mean time for passage of gas by anus was (2±0.26) days, and the mean recovery time of bladder function was (10.5±1.3) days. Patients were discharged after (9.2±1.1) days on average. 38 patients had no complication. Conclusions For the treatment of uterine neoplasm, LARVH decreased operative damage with more short recovery time, same operative extent as laparotomy. It is an ideal way to treat uterine neoplasm currently.

Objective To discuss the role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenas e (IDO) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TTS) mediated tryptophan catabolism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients treated with high doses of dexamethasone through the expressions of IDO and TTS in T cells , and the concentrations of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan. Methods 20 newly diagnosed or relapse ITP patients were treated with 40 mg/d × 4 d dose of dexamethasone. The heparin anticoagulant blood samples were obtained before treatment and the 5th day after treatment. 20 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The IDO and TTS expressions in CD4+and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan were detected by liquid-mass spectrometry system. Results Compared with healthy controls group, the plasma tryptophan and kynurenine concentration and the ratio of Kyn/Trp were significantly elevated in ITP patients (P <0.05); the IDO expressions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05), but the TTS expressions were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The concentration of tryptophan in effective group was significantly lower than before treatment (P < 0.05), in contrast, the kynurenine concentration and the ratio of Kyn/Trp were significantly higher than before (P < 0.05). The expression of IDO in effective group were significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), conversely, the expression of TTS in effective group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). No significant difference can be found in ineffective group. Conclusion IDO/TTS-mediated tryptophan catabolism pathway could indicate the onset of ITP. The sensitivity of ITP patients with high dose of dexamethasone treatment can be observed through the level of IDO and TTS.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of kid foot soft tissue defect with reverse flap with cutaneous branch of fibular artery combine with sural nerve nutritional vessel axial. Methods From Feb. 2006 to Feb. 2009, according to the position and size of the soft tissue defects, the sural nerve nutritional vessel flap combine with the cutaneous branch of the peroneal artery were desingned and obtained to repair the 5 cases soft tissue defects of the foot. The flap size ranged from 8 cm × 7 cm to 18 cm × 10 cm. The vessel pedicle of cutaneous branches ranged from 1.7 cm to 3.0 cm. The distribution of the vessel pedicle of cutaneous branches ranged from 4.5 cm to 8.0 cm on the lateral malleolus. Results All flaps survived completely in 6 cases. The outline and function were satisfactory during 6-18 months follow-up. Among of 6 cases, the sural nerve were anastomosed with the acceptor sensory nerve in all cases. The skin sense were sat-isfactory after 1 year of operation and 2-point discrimination was 10-13 mm. Conclusion The blood supply of this flap is reliable without sacrifice of major arteries. Flap elevation is easy. It can reverse to a long dis-tance and can repair large skin defects. Especially this flap could have some sensory nerve. It is very useful in repairing kid foot large soft tissue defect.

BACKGROUND:In an additional changing magnetic field, magnetosomes can invade the tumor cells and inhibit their proliferation.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of targeted delivery of pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX compounds with magnetosome of magnetotactic bacteria on the treatment of osteosarcoma.METHODS: Human osteosarcoma cell U2OS was divided into four groups: group A: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria+pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX complex; group B: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria; group C: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria+pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX complex, combined with magnetic intervention; group D: magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria, combined with magnetic intervention. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture, the uptake rate of osteosarcoma cells was observed; cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry; PLK1 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively; cell proliferation was explored by MTT assay; cell adhesion and invasion were checked by adhesion assay and Transwel chamber assay, respectively; and the apoptosis rate was measured by apoptosis detection Kit.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After culture of 12 and 24 hours, the uptake rate was the highest in group D; meanwhile, the uptake rate was the highest in group B after 48 and 72 hours of culture. (2) The ratio of G2/M phase decreased and the ratio of G0/G1 increased gradualy in group A, group C and group D; the G2/M phase ratio of C group was the lowest at each time point, followed by group D, and that of group A was the highest; and the G2/M phase ratio increased gradualy in group B. (3) Folowing 12 and 24 hours of culture, the expression of PLK1 in group B and group D was higher than that in group A and group C (P < 0.05); in addition, the expression of PLK1 in group B was higher than that in the other three groups after 48 and 72 hours of culture (P < 0.05), and the PLK1 level in group D was higher than that in group A and group C (P < 0.05). (4) The proliferation, adhesion and invasion ability in group B were the highest at different time points, but the apoptosis rate was the lowest. Furthermore, the proliferation, adhesion and invasion abilities in group C were the lowest at different time points, and the apoptosis rate was the highest. To conclude, our experimental results show that the targeted delivery of pHSP70-shPLK1/DOX complex by magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria can enhance the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibit their proliferation and invasion.

Objective To investigate the methods and the therapeutic effects of groin flap and stylus recurrent branch of radial artery flap for the repair of severely contracture of the first web space. Methods From March 2007 to six 2009,45 patients with severely contracture of the first web space received treatment of groin flaps and stylus recurrent branch of radial artery flaps, with 6 to 12 months clinical observation. Among then, 33 patients received treatment of groin flaps, 12 patients received treatment of stylus recurrent branch of radial artery flaps, and 28 patients received the first web space widening as well as functional reconstruction of thumb abduction. Results Most of the flaps healed by first intention but also with distal necrosis for 3 stylus recurrent branch of radial artery flaps and 1 groin flap. And the weth of the first web space of all patients were more than 90% of comparison. From clinical observation,function of opposition recovered well. While some groinflaps got a litte fat and clumsy .The color of most flaps was as similar as normal besides, some groin flaps occurrenced pigmentation. Conclusion Children and adults below 50 yesrs should choose the groin flap, and aged people and adults more than 50yesrs shuould choose the stylus recurrent branch of radial artery flap firstly.

With a reflection on the grand quantitative analysis in previous historical investigations, microhistory came into being in Italy in the 1960s and the 70s. Microhistory is, in principle, the intensive historical investigation of a relatively well defined smaller object. Notwithstanding, it still has the ambition to draw a larger picture of the history. Microhistory is also characterized by its preference to the exceptional individuals or phenomena, its "narrative" style and the delicate way it deals with historical sources. Essentially, microhistory endeavors to bring the individual's role, the concrete life as well as the diversity and complexity of history to the historical writing. At first, microhistory did not have intersection with the medical history. Nevertheless, the history of medicine echoes microhistory in bringing the concrete and vivid life beings to history. Mainly due to this similarity, historical surveys on medicine from the perspective of microhistory are increasing and gradually develop into a remarkable trend in the international historical academy from the 1980s onwards. As the microhistory is rising and its influence is expanding, the microhistorical approach has been practiced to a certain extent in the historical writings on medicine in China. Concentrating on an individual person, a single event, a particular drug or a specific concept, there already have some studies conduct intensive historical investigation on a small scale. A small part of these researches, for example, those of Chang Che-Chia, Li Shang-jen and etc. could be regarded as perfect examples of microhistory. However, no relevant research is carried out explicitly under the heading of microhistory, instead, they are the offspring of the "new history". Besides, most of these researches could not be regarded as real microhistories, strictly speaking. They do not practice microhistory consciously and they have a long way to go to improve the delicacy of the analysis, to reinforce the narrative style and to grasp the social context of the individual or the event (the link between micro and macro levels). Nevertheless, these studies anyway indicate the invisible influence of microhistory and have paved a way for the future microhistorical investigations on medicine. We believe that microhistory is an undercurrent about to emerge in the field of Chinese medical history. It is the right time to advocate and promote the self-conscious microhistorical investigation, promptly and strongly, while updating the ideas and methods of it to make it a dominant trend rather than an undercurrent in the studies of Chinese medical history. Its rise would not only display the value and significance of microhistory in a better way, but also would help medical history to realize its core idea of history of life, therefore to propel our inquiry into Chinese medical history.
China ; *Historiography ; *History of Medicine

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of branch artery of the sural medial gastrocnemius muscle flap combine with sural nerve nutritional vessel axial.Methods From February 2006to March 2010,according to the position and size of the soft tissue defects,the muscle flap combined with branch artery of the sural medial gastrocnemius and sural nerve nutritional vessel axial were desingned and obtained to repair 7 cases of sofi tissue defects of the upper-region of the tibial.The flap size ranged from 8.0 cm × 8.0 cm to 12.0 cm × 10.0 cm.The vessel pedicle of branches ranged from 1.8-3.0 cm.The distribution of the vessel pedicle of branches ranged from 10.0-17.0 cm on the distant popliteal fossa,and ranged from 2.0-5.0 cm on the back of medial line.Results The outline and function were satisfactory during 6-15 months follow-up.Conclusion The blood supply of this flap is reliable without sacrifice of major arteries.Flap elevation is easy.It can transfer to a long distance and can repair large skin defects.It is very useful in repairing upper-region of the tibial large soft tissue defect.