Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotics resistance in blood culture isolates.Methods The clinical isolates of blood specimens from patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University during 2004 to 2006 were identified anti the drug resistance to antimierobial agents was tested.The results were analyzed and compared with those during 1986 to 1998.Results A total of 576 strains were isolated from 6203 blood specimens,among which gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli account for 57.8%(333/576)and 31.4%(181/576),respectively.The frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,hemolytic Streptococcus viridans,Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi.The methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci(MRCNS)accounted for 78.3%(155/198).Gram negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin.Conclusions The incidence of bloodstream infections caused by MRCNS,gram negative bacilli producing ESBLs and fungi are increasing.The clinical isolates from blood have hish resistance to the first line antibiotics.

Aim To observe the improved effects of Shuangshen Ningxin capsule on ventricular remodeling and wall motion in myocardial ischemic miniature swine induced by thrombus.Methods Myocardial ischemic model miniature swine induced by self-thrombus via cardiac catheter in left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)were administrated Shuangshen Ningxin capsule for 6 days.The changes of cardiac form,left heart systolic and diastolic function,left ventricular wall motion were observed by the technology of conventional ultrasound and Doppler tissue imaging.Results 6 days after myocardial ischemia and administration,miniature swine of model group showed ventricular wall thinning,chambers heart dilating,ventricle remodeling and wall motion weak,but Shuangshen Ningxin capsule obviously lowered left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole(LVIDd),left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole(LVIDs),end-systolic volume(ESV),end-diastolic volume(EDV)and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT),and increased ejection fraction(EF),tissue velocity and tissue trace of left ventricle anterior wall cardiac apex segment.Conclusion Shuangshen Ningxin capsule has anti-myocardial ischemia effect by improving left ventricular remodeling,increasing left cardiac work,improving left heart systolic and diastolic function and increasing left ventricular wall motion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of balloon kyphoplasty combined with bone cement on the treatment osteoporotic vertebral fracture.METHODS: A total of 58 aged patients with single osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (58 vertebral bodies) were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. The fracture always occurred at T_8-L_4 segment of vertebral body in particular at T_(10)-L_2 segment of thoracic waist. By local anesthesia, lateral or bilateral pedicle of vertebral arch was punctured to injection bone cement under C-arm fluoroscopy.RESULTS: Bone cement leakage occurred in 8 cases, including leakage along posterior longitudinal ligament into adjacent posterior margin of vertebral body (n=1), external edge of vertebral body (n=6), and subcutaneous tissue (n=1); however, all the patients did not have clinical symptoms. C-arm fluoroscopy showed that height of vertebral body was increased, and rachiokyphosis was improved after treatment. Pain was obviously improved, and the easement rate of pain was 100%. There was significant difference in visual simulation score, angle degree of rachiokyphosis, and living activity scale before and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between 6 months after treatment and following up stopping (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Balloon kyphoplasty can significantly ease pain caused by osteoporotic spinal fractures and tumor metastatic spinal fractures and can partially restore vertebral body height and kyphosis deformity, there is conducive to improving spinal function and improving the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii ( S. boulardii) on the col-onization of Helicobacter suis ( H. suis) in stomach and the formation of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) during H. suis infection. Methods Sixty C57BL/6 wild type mice were randomly divided into six groups. The mice in group A and group B were respectively given sterile distilled water and S. boulardii twice by gavage and then infected with H. suis for one week. The mice in group C and group E were given sterile phos-phate buffer saline by gavage for one week and then respectively given sterile distilled water and S. boulardii by gavage twice a week for 12 weeks. The mice in group D and group F were infected with H. suis for one week and then respectively given sterile distilled water and S. boulardii by gavage twice a week for 12 weeks. Serum and gastric tissue samples were collected from each mouse. Results The bacterial loads of H. suis in the stomachs of mice in group B were significantly lower than those in group A. No significant differences in the levels of se-creted IgA( sIgA) in serum and gastric tissue samples and the expression of IFN-γat mRNA level in gastric mu-cosa samples were found between the two groups. The expression of H. suis 16S RNA and the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles were detected in mice in groups D and F. The levels of sIgA in serum and gastric tissue sam-ples and the expression of IFN-γ and CXCL13 at mRNA level in gastric mucosa samples increased significantly in groups D and F as compared with groups C and E. Compared with the mice in group D, the bacterial loads of H. suis in stomachs, the numbers of MALT per unit length of gastric mucosa and the expression of IFN-γ and CXCL13 at mRNA level in gastric mucosa decreased significantly in mice from group F, but the levels of sIgA in serum and gastric tissue samples increased significantly. Conclusion S. boulardii could inhibit the colonization of H. suis in stomach and suppress the formation of gastric MALT during H. suis infection.

Objective To investigate the change of connexin (Cx) in mesenteric artery (MA) and aorta of spontaneously hyper‐tensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats .Methods Quantitative RT‐PCR and Werstern blot technique were used to compare the difference in the expression of Cx37 and Cx40 mRNA and protein in MA and aorta of SHR and normotensive rats .Results The level of Cx37 mRNA expression in MA from SHR was decreased compared with that of the normotensive rats (P<0 .05) ,and more significantly in aorta (P<0 .01) .Cx40 mRNA expression in MA from SHR was significantly decreased compared with that of the normotensive rats (P<0 .01) ,but no change in aorta (P>0 .05) .The expression of Cx37 protein in MA from SHR was decreased compared with that of the normotensive rats (P<0 .05) ,and more significantly in aorta (P<0 .01) .Cx40 protein expression in MA from SHR was significantly decreased compared with that of the normotensive rats (P<0 .05) ,but no change in aorta (P>0 .05) . Conclusion Hypertension may could decrease gap junctional communication in cells of MA and aorta from SHR by the downregu‐lation of the expression of Cx37 and/or Cx40 .

Objective To investigate the influence of flufenamic acid (FFA) on gap junction intercellular communication in vascu-lar smooth muscle cells(VSMC) in situ of acutely isolated arteriole segments .Methods Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to study the effects of FFA on membrane input capacitance (Cinput ) ,membrane input conductance(Ginput ) or membrane input re-sistance(Rinput ) of VSMCs embedded in arteriole segments .Results FFA concentration-dependently and reversibly suppressed Ginput or increased Rinput ,with an IC50 of 56 and 33μmol/L in acutely isolated mesenteric artery(MA) and brain artery(BA) segments re-spectively .There was not significant difference between MA and BA (P> 0 .05) .After application of FFA (≥ 300 μmol/L) ,the Cinput ,Ginput and Rinput of the in situ cells were very close to the respective dispersed cell in MA and BA .Conclusion FFA is a reversi-ble gap junction blocker ,achieving a complete electrical isolation of the recorded VSMC at ≥300 μmol/L .FFA suggesting a homo-geneous property of the gap junctions between MA and BA .

Object-oriented programming is a basic course of information management and information system. Some measures were thus put forward for the teaching reform of information management and information system course, training the computation thinking and innovation ability of students, according to the problems occurred in its teaching,such as perfecting its teaching system,adjusting its theoretical contents,scientific design of its experi-ments and its examination methods.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the epidemiology of hospital and community-acquired infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and risk factors for infections caused by resistant strains.

METHODSA retrospective observational study was performed to analyze the relationship between antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance.

RESULTSA K. pneumoniae infection was diagnosed in 0.47% of patients (169 of 36 179) admitted to the hospital between 1 March 1999 and 31 August 2000. Of the 169 isolates, 166 (98.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 91.1% (154/169) to two or more antibiotics. 98% were resistant to ampicillin, 77% to piperacillin, 64% to cephalothin, 60% to ampicillin/sulbactam, 59% to cefoperazone, 57% to cefazolin, 55% to cefuroxime, 51% to TMP-SMZ, 51% to tobramycin, 50% to gentamicin, 49% to aztreonam, cefetaxime and ceftriaxone respectively, 47% to ceftazidime, 47% to cefepime, 46% to ciprofloxacin, 46% to ticarcillin/clavulanate, 44% to amikacin, 38% to cefoxitin, 22% to piperacillin/tazobactam, while all strains were tested susceptible to imipenem.

CONCLUSIONSPrior receipt of amtimicrobial therapy was significantly associated with infection caused by a resistant organism and most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Klebsiella Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

Objective:To analyze and interpret the literature on intestinal preparation during colonoscopy in the elderly in China, and explore the research hotspots and development frontiers in this field, so as to provide theoretical reference for relevant institutions and researchers.Methods:Bibliometrics CiteSpace Ⅴ software was used to search CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP, Chinese biomedical journal database, Chinese biomedical literature database from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2022, and then statistical analysis was made on the number of published papers, distribution of institutions and regions, authors, journals, funding, and the maps of high-frequency keywords, clustering, and cooperation of authors, institutions and burst words were drawn.Results:A total of 281 literatures were included, and the characteristics of intestinal preparation, the effect of intestinal preparation for colonoscopy and nursing intervention of intestinal preparation for colonoscopy in the elderly were extracted as the research focus.Conclusions:The visualization analysis showed the research hotspots and trend of intestinal preparation during colonoscopy in the elderly. Intestinal preparation and comprehensive nursing intervention are still the focus of future research, and the cooperation among researchers and quality of published literature should be improved based on the research hotspots in the future.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the variations in taste， aroma and volatile organic compounds of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces derived from different sources， and to identify their origins. METHODS The flavor， odor and volatile organic compounds of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces from different sources were compared and analyzed by using electronic tongue， electronic nose， and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS）. Principal component analysis （PCA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）， orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were employed to identify the origins of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces and establish the basis discrimination criteria. RESULTS The differences in taste of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces from 3 origins were primarily characterized by bitterness， astringency， and bitter-astringent aftertaste. In terms of smell， variations were mainly observed in inorganic sulfides， organic sulfides containing aromatic components， methane and other short-chain alkanes， alcohols， ethers， aldehydes and ketones， as well as nitrogen oxides. Differentially volatile organic compounds mainly consisted of alcohols， aldehydes and ketones. Furthermore， the samples from 8 batches could be effectively classified into 3 categories.Three types of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces can be effectivily identified based on the peak intensity ratio between volatile substances. For example， when the peak intensity of 2-acetylfuran was 3-19 times that of isobutyric acid [dimer]， it was considered as Rheum officinale Baill. CONCLUSIONS The discriminant models established in this study， along with the criteria for determining the origins based on the peak intensity ofcharacteristic volatile compounds， can be utilized for the identification of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces.