Parkinson's disease （PD） is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor dysfunction. The main pathological features include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra， abnormal aggregation of alpha-Synuclein （α-Syn）， and the formation of Lewy bodies. However， the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years， the PD incidence has gradually increased， while current treatment methods are limited to symptom alleviation， incapable of halting disease progression， and prone to adverse effects， thus making it urgent to search for medicines effective for PD. Modern research indicates that the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor E₂ related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE） signaling pathway is closely related to oxidative stress， neuroinflammation， apoptosis， ferroptosis， and mitochondrial dysfunction， playing a crucial role in the pathophysiological development of PD. A large number of studies have further confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can regulate diseases through a holistic view of Syndrome differentiation and microscopic molecular pathways. With unique advantages， such as multiple targets， multiple pathways， and fewer adverse reactions， TCM provides a new strategy for PD treatment. This article elucidates the mechanism of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of PD， while summarizing the latest research on PD intervention by TCM monomers， active ingredients， and compounds， as well as acupuncture via the precise targeted regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway， aiming to provide a reference for clinical medicine development to prevent and treat PD.

Based on the theory of collateral disease， the treatment of late-stage sequela of cerebrovascular disease is considered to be primarily associated with deficiency and obstruction of cerebral collaterals and dysfunction of the spirit mechanism. Therefore， the fundamental therapeutic principle is to unblock and supplement the brain collaterals. Clinically， the late-stage sequelae of cerebrovascular disease are classified into four patterns， which are malnourishment， deficiency-heat， stasis obstruction， and phlegm clouding of brain collaterals. These are treated respectively with Tiansui Tongqiao Decoction （填髓通窍汤） to supplement essence and nourish the brain through moistening， unblocking and supplementing， Qingnao Touluo Decoction （清脑透络汤） to enrich yin， regulate spirit， and unblock collaterals through clearing and penetrating， Yiqi Tongluo Decoction （益气通络汤） to tonify qi and resolve stasis while softening tendons and unblocking collaterals， and Xinrun Touqiao Beverage （辛润透窍饮） to unblock and tonify yin and yang while unblocking the collaterals through acrid-moistening medicinals. Flexible modification of prescriptions according to individual symptoms was applied， resulting in favorable therapeutic outcomes.

This article summarizes the clinical experience in diagnosing and treating narcolepsy based on the wei qi theory. The key pathogenesis of narcolepsy is considered to be the disharmony of wei qi. In the initial stage， lung， spleen， and kidney deficiency leads to insufficient generation and propulsion of wei qi. In the progressive stage， phlegm-damp and qi stagnation obstruct sanjiao （三焦）， while the interstice of flesh is unrelaxed， and the skin pores are occluded， causing sluggish circulation of wei qi. In the attack stage， pathogens obstruct the upper jiao （焦）， whereas pectoral qi fails to diffuse， and wei qi becomes constrained and blocked in the yin aspect， which may transform into wind or heat and bind with phlegm and stasis， resulting in sudden excessive sleep， cataplexy， dream disturbance， hallucinations， and sleep paralysis. Accordingly， a three-stage differentiation and treatment strategy is proposed， including reinforcing the root and strengthening wei qi in the initial stage with Peiben Shiwei Decoction （培本实卫汤）， resolving phlegm and unblocking the pathways to smooth the flow of wei qi in the progressive stage with Tongjiao Dawei Decoction （通焦达卫汤）， and diffusing wei qi， awakening the spirit， and opening the upper jiao in the attack stage with Xuanwei Xingshen Decoction （宣卫醒神汤）. Clinically， treatment should distinguish deficiency from excess， the primary from the secondary， administer staged and dynamic treatments， and make good use of light， clear， ascending， dispersing， acrid， and aromatic medicinals to restore the movement of wei qi， thereby providing a reference for differentiation and treatment of narcolepsy in traditional Chinese medicine.

This study explores the pathogenesis characteristics and treatment of somatic symptom disorder （SSD） from the perspective of the mutual influence among mental activities， qi transformation within membrane-striae-three jiao （焦）， and the functions of the five zang （脏） organs. It is proposed that the emotional， cognitive， and somatic perceptual abnormalities observed in SSD are closely associated with dysfunction of the spirit mechanism. Such dysfunction may disturb the ascent and descent of qi movement as well as the distribution of qi， blood， and body fluids， thereby leading to stagnation of membrane-striae-three jiao and disharmony of the five zang organs. Conversely， impaired membrane-striae and dysfunction of the five zang organs may further aggravate emotional abnormalities and somatic discomfort. These three aspects interact with one another and jointly contribute to the onset， progression， and persistence of SSD. Treatment should focus not only on calming the spirit， harmonizing the body， and regulating emotions， but also on unblocking membrane-striae and facilitating qi movement， and take into account the functional imbalances of the five zang organs. The ultimate goal is to achieve tranquility of the spirit， unobstructed membrane， and harmony of the zang organs， thereby addressing both the manifestations and the root causes of the disorder and reducing the risk of recurrence.

This study explores the pathogenesis characteristics and treatment of somatic symptom disorder （SSD） from the perspective of the mutual influence among mental activities， qi transformation within membrane-striae-three jiao （焦）， and the functions of the five zang （脏） organs. It is proposed that the emotional， cognitive， and somatic perceptual abnormalities observed in SSD are closely associated with dysfunction of the spirit mechanism. Such dysfunction may disturb the ascent and descent of qi movement as well as the distribution of qi， blood， and body fluids， thereby leading to stagnation of membrane-striae-three jiao and disharmony of the five zang organs. Conversely， impaired membrane-striae and dysfunction of the five zang organs may further aggravate emotional abnormalities and somatic discomfort. These three aspects interact with one another and jointly contribute to the onset， progression， and persistence of SSD. Treatment should focus not only on calming the spirit， harmonizing the body， and regulating emotions， but also on unblocking membrane-striae and facilitating qi movement， and take into account the functional imbalances of the five zang organs. The ultimate goal is to achieve tranquility of the spirit， unobstructed membrane， and harmony of the zang organs， thereby addressing both the manifestations and the root causes of the disorder and reducing the risk of recurrence.

Post-stroke limb movement disorder is a common functional disorder after stroke.Xuming Decoction in Ancient and Modern Records of the Proven is an important prescription of Zhang Zhongjing for treating"stroke prickly heat,the body cannot hold it-self".It has been modified and recorded in many later generations,among which Xiaoxuming Decoction in Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency is the most commonly used.With the development of the"internal wind theory"of stroke,the pre-scriptions of Xuming Decoction were gradually criticized and even abandoned because they often used"wind drugs"and were difficult to understand the medical theory of"internal wind".Based on the viewpoints of"wind prevailing and causing movement"and"internal wind being the change of yang qi in the body",the paper proposes the theory of"inducing wind to promote movement"of Xuming De-coction and believes that"wind is qi".At the beginning of stroke,wind-yang is violently hyperactive,and wind prevails and causes movement,resulting in stroke;after stroke,yang qi is weak,wind is defeated and static,and limbs are unable to use.However,"wind drugs"such as Ephedra sinica Stapf and Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees have the functions of generating wind and promoting movement,revitalizing the decadent and the useless,exciting yang qi,harmonizing the ying and wei,and raising and lowering qi.The Xuming Decoction is mainly composed of"wind drugs",which warms the yang and replenishes the qi,generates wind to excite yang qi,and revitalizes the weak;replenishes the yang to induce wind and promote movement,replenishes qi and generates blood;relieves muscles to harmonize the ying and wei,and dredges the limbs;restores the pivot to regulate the axis of the internal organs,unblocks the qi,and promotes the recovery of limb motor function after stroke,providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Xuming Decoction.

Minimally conscious state （MCS） is at the edge between closed and open consciousness， but it still belongs to the category of "wind-strike block" syndrome. The basic pathogenesis of MCS is the obstruction of pathogenic qi， orifices closed and spirit hidden， with pathological factors including phlegm， fire， and blood stasis. Wind movement and water retention may also be present， and often leading to deficiency syndrome due to the exhaustion of qi， blood， yin， and yang at later stages. Treatment chooses Shexiang （Moschus） as the chief medicinal， emphasizing combination of medicinals and urgency of medication administration； the key therapeutic method is to open the orifices， with focuses on expelling pathogens and reinforcing healthy qi. For patients with severe phlegm or fire， use Xiaochengqi Decoction （小承气汤） to open the lower orifices， discharge heat and unblock the bowels， combined with Shexiang （Moschus） and Niuhuang （Bovis Calculus） to open the upper orifices， awaken the spirit and guide qi. For patients with turbid phlegm as the predominant， temporarily replace Shexiang （Moschus） with Baizhi （Angelicae dahuricae radix）， using Ditan Decoction （涤痰汤） to eliminate phlegm to open the orifices， when turbid phlegm gradually subsided， Shexiang （Moschus） could be added. For patients with blood stasis as the predominant， Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction （通窍活血汤） will be used to activate blood and open orifice， if the blood circulates， the endogenous wind will be calmed， the water will be induced， the orifices will open and the consciousness will restore. For patients with closed orifices and body deficiency， the treatment should open the orifices and reinforce healthy qi， and consider the root and branch simultaneously； qi deficiency syndrome can be addressed with Buyang Huanwu Decoction （补阳还五汤） to boost qi and reinforce healthy qi； yin deficiency syndrome can be treated with Shaoyao Gancao Decoction （芍药甘草汤） combined with Fengsui Pill （封髓丹） to nourish yin， soften sinews， and secure kidney essence； yang deficiency can be managed by using Dihuang Yinzi Decoction （地黄饮子） to enrich yin， supplement yang， and open the orifices.

Post-stroke limb movement disorder is a common functional disorder after stroke.Xuming Decoction in Ancient and Modern Records of the Proven is an important prescription of Zhang Zhongjing for treating"stroke prickly heat,the body cannot hold it-self".It has been modified and recorded in many later generations,among which Xiaoxuming Decoction in Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency is the most commonly used.With the development of the"internal wind theory"of stroke,the pre-scriptions of Xuming Decoction were gradually criticized and even abandoned because they often used"wind drugs"and were difficult to understand the medical theory of"internal wind".Based on the viewpoints of"wind prevailing and causing movement"and"internal wind being the change of yang qi in the body",the paper proposes the theory of"inducing wind to promote movement"of Xuming De-coction and believes that"wind is qi".At the beginning of stroke,wind-yang is violently hyperactive,and wind prevails and causes movement,resulting in stroke;after stroke,yang qi is weak,wind is defeated and static,and limbs are unable to use.However,"wind drugs"such as Ephedra sinica Stapf and Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees have the functions of generating wind and promoting movement,revitalizing the decadent and the useless,exciting yang qi,harmonizing the ying and wei,and raising and lowering qi.The Xuming Decoction is mainly composed of"wind drugs",which warms the yang and replenishes the qi,generates wind to excite yang qi,and revitalizes the weak;replenishes the yang to induce wind and promote movement,replenishes qi and generates blood;relieves muscles to harmonize the ying and wei,and dredges the limbs;restores the pivot to regulate the axis of the internal organs,unblocks the qi,and promotes the recovery of limb motor function after stroke,providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Xuming Decoction.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block(SGB)with those of conventional western medication in the treatment of insomnia.Methods A computerized retrieval of academic papers concerning the clinical randomized controlled trials of SGB versus conventional western medication in the treatment of insomnia from the databases of PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Data knowledge service platform,VIP database and CBM database was conducted.The retrieval time period was from the establishment of the database to June 13,2023.NoteExpress v3.5 software was used to make literature screening,Stata17.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis of the obtained data,TSA0.9.5.10 beta software was used to make sequential analysis,and GRADEpro was used to perform the grade classification.Results A total of 11 articles including 875 patients with insomnia were included in this analysis.Compared with the conventional western medication,SGB showed certain advantages in the following aspects:improving total clinical effectiveness(RR total=1.24,95％CI:1.16-1.32,P＜0.01),increasing the proportion of patients who could sleep for more than 3 hours after treatment(RR total=1.24,95％CI:1.09-1.41,P=0.001),increasing total sleep time(SMD=1.53,95％CI:0.89-2.16,P＜0.01),reducing sleep latency(MD=-14.08,95％CI:-18.72--9.43,P＜0.01),decreasing PSQI score(MD=-3.54,95％CI:-4.31--2.78,P＜0.01),and reducing the recurrence rate within 6 months(RR=0.19,95％CI:0.10-0.37,P＜0.01).However,the difference in the proportion of patients who could sleep for more than 6 hours after treatment between the two groups was not statistically significant(RR=1.31,95％CI:0.97-1.76,P=0.078).The traditional SGB therapy had a certain risk of adverse events,ultrasound-guided SGB therapy was much safer.Trial sequential analysis showed that the cumulative sample size of the effective rate crossed the conventional threshold and TSA threshold,the positive results had been obtained in advance although it did not reach RIS.The quality of evidence evaluated by GRADE for the sleep latency,PSQI and recurrence rate within 6 months was medium grade,and the quality for the remaining indexes was low grade.Conclusion Compared with conventional western medication for the treatment of insomnia,the effect of SGB in increasing the total response rate,the proportion of patients who get sleeping for more than 3 hours after treatment and the total sleep duration,in reducing sleep latency,PSQI score and recurrence rate within 6 months has gained some certain evidence supports.The SGB and conventional western medication have similar efficacy in improving the proportion of patients who get sleeping for more than 6 hours after treatment.The results of this study are stable and reliable,but the current level of evidence grade is lower,therefore,large-sample randomized controlled trials need to be conducted before its clinical efficacy can get further evidence-based support.

Objective To evaluate postoperative efficacy and safety of oral or nasal feeding Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)based on Bayesian network meta-analysis(BNMA).Methods The randomized controlled trial(RCT)study of Chinese patent medicine for intervening in post-operative patients of ICH was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The retrieval time is from the establishment of databases to August 25,2023.ROB 2.0 was used for risk of bias assessments.BNMA was performed by using R 4.2.2 loaded with the BUGSnet 1.1.0 package.Results A total of 28 RCTs were included,with a total sample size of 2 530 cases,including 9 kinds of Chinese patent medicines[Angong Niuhuang Pills(AGNH),Suhexiang Pills(SHX),Naoxueshu Oral Liquid(NXS),Naoxintong Capsules(NXT),Naoxuekang Tablets(NXK),Xiaoyukang Capsules(XYK),Yangxue Qingnao Granules(YXQN),Tongtian Oral Liquid(TT),Sanqi Tongshu Capsules(SQTS)].All patients underwent surgical treatment and postoperative treatment of conventional western medicine(CWMT),the experimental group was additionally given Chinese patent medicine orally or by nasal feeding.The BNMA results showed that AGNH+CWMT group ranked first in reducing short-term mortality,NIHSS score,and perihematomal edema,with P＜0.05 compared to CWMT group.SHX+CWMT group ranked first in improving total effective efficiency,with P＜0.05 compared to CWMT group.TT+CWMT group ranked first in increasing GCS scores,with P＜0.05 compared to CWMT group.YXQN+CWMT group ranked first in improving BI index,with P＜0.05 compared to CWMT group.NXS+CWMT group ranked first in promoting the absorption of cerebral hematoma,with P＞0.05 compared to CWMT group.NXT+CWMT group ranked first in shortening the average length of hospital stay,with P＞0.05 compared to CWMT group.Conclusion Compared with CWMT group,the combined use of Chinese patent medicine and CWMT is effective in improving the total effective rate,reducing mortality and NIHSS score,increasing GCS score and BI after operation in patients with ICH.There is no significant difference in promoting hematoma absorption and shortening the average length of hospital stay.AGNH has good effect,which may be the best Chinese patent medicine in the post-operative treatment of ICH patients.However,due to limitations in quality and methodology of included research,the conclusions obtained still need further validation.