Objective: To investigate the effects of cadmium and the protection of testosterone propionate on submandibular gland of male rats.Methods:Thirty-five male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control,Cd and Cd + T group.The cadmium concentrations in submandibular gland were measured by flame mode of atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The morphologic changes of GCT cells were observeded by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of AR was determined by immunohistochemical SABC method and was semi-quantitatively analysed by image analysis.Results:The main ultrastructural changes after Cd treatment included swelling or vacuolation of mitochondria,increase of myelin figures in GCT cells,and swelling of mitochondria in the endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries.The changes above were most prominent at 7~15d,and swelling of the cytoplasm and slight karyolysis were also found.The morphology of GCT cells didn't recovery to normal yet after 30d.On the other hand,the ultrastructural lesions of GCT cells in Cd+T group were gentle.Compared with the control group,the cadmium concentrations in both Cd and Cd+T groups were significantly increased.Although they were lower in Cd+T group than that in Cd group,there was no significant difference between the two groups.The immunoreactivity level of AR in Cd and Cd+T groups decreased after Cd treatment,but it was higher in Cd+T group than that in corresponding Cd group,and had significant difference between them at 3,7,15d.Conclusions: The present results indicate that the earlier ultrastructural damage of GCT is related to the direct action of cadmium.The decrease of androgen and androgen receptor might aggravate the damage at later stages.To some extent,testosterone pretreatment could prevent toxicity of cadmium on submandibular gland.

Pedicle screw instrumentation has become the standard stabilization of the posterior lumbar spine.Loosening due to osteoporosis is the common reason for failure.Bone cement augmentation is regarded as an efficient way to enhance screw strength in osteoporotic bones.In this review,a brief introduction to the recent advances in researches on the biomechanics of the bone-screw interface,the pedicle screw augmentation technique and the materials of bone cement is presented.The paper emphasizes the significance of studies on the augmentation indications,vicariousness activity in osteoporosis sclerotin and the strength.

Objective To establish the L929 cell line with high expression of asporin ,and to study the effect of asporin on the expressions of TGF- β1 and Col2α1 in mouse fibroblast L929. Methods Asporin cDNA was amplified from mouse mandible tissue by RT-PCR,then was inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-). The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-ASPNIII was transfected into the mouse fibroblast cell line L929, followed by G418 treatment. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to screen the stable, asporin high expressing L929 cell line.The effect of overexpression of asporin on the regulations of TGF-β1 and Col2α1 was further studied. Results The stable, aspori high expressing n L929 cell linewas successfully established. Results of RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that overexpression of asporin could effectively inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and Col2α1. Conclusion Enforced expression of asporin can inhibit the expression of TGF-β1 and Col2α1 in L929 cells.

Autophagy is a ubiquitous physiological process that occurs in all eukaryotic cells.It can be induced by starvation,ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure.Rational autophagy in cardiac cells during ischemia/reperfusion helps to keep cellular homeostasis,and inhibit the cell loss.However,inappropriate activation of autophagy leads to cell death.

ObjectiveTo study the proper braking and bed rest time for patients with TACE operation. Methods Divided 236 patients with TACE operation into the control group (100 cases) and the experimental group (136 cases) randomly. In the control group, the braking time and the bed rest time was 8 hours and 24 hours respectively, while in the experimental group, they were 5 hours and 12 hours respectively.Compared incidence rate of complication between the 2 groups. Results The differences of complications which relevant to puncture between the two groups were not significant,P值=0.419, while the complications which irrelevant to the puncture between the two groups were significant,P

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of bronchofiberscopic washing cytology (BWC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) in the diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods Three hundred and eighty-five lung cancer patients who completed the BWC and BALF TCT were selected.The sensitivity was compared between the conventional smear and the two TCT methods.The sensitivity and accuracy of BWC and BALF TCT in the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed.Results The sensitivity of TCT was 76.1％ (293/385) in the diagnosis of lung cancer,and conventional smear was 54.8％ (211/385).The sensitivity of TCT was significantly higher than that of conventional smear (P ＜ 0.05).In the diagnosis of central lung cancer,the sensitivity of BWC TCT and BALF TCT was 74.4％ (131/176) and 70.5％ (124/176),and there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).In the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer,the sensitivity of BALF TCT and BWC TCT was 83.3％ (174/209) and 44.0％ (92/209),and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).In BWC TCT,the accuracy of TCT and histology in squamous cancer was 92.7％ (127/137),in adenocarcinoma was 92.6％ (151/163),in small cell cancer was 96.8％ (61/63),and total accuracy was 91.9％ (354/385).In BALF TCT,the accuracy of TCT and histology in squamous cancer was 92.0％ (126/137),in adenocarcinoma was 94.5％ (154/163),and in small cancer was 98.4％ (62/63),and total accuracy was 92.7％ (357/385).Conclusions TCT has more diagnostic value in lung cancer.BWC and BALF TCT show different sensitivity in the diagnosis of lung cancer of different kinds.BWC TCT combination with BALF TCT is helpful to improve the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of transurethral enucleation of prostate with the bipolar plasma kinetic technique(PKEP)in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)more than 80 mL.Methods The data from the 116 patients who underwent the PKEP were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical parameters include operation time,blood loss, postoperative catheter retention time,postoperative complication rates,the differences of the clinical parameters pre-and postopera-tively were compared,include maximum urine flow rate(Qmax),residual urine(RU),international prostate symptoms score(IPSS), and quality of life(QOL).Results Mean operation time was (87.46±25.01)min,Mean blood loss was (129.15±44.35)mL.Mean resected tissue weight was (77.67±19.56)g.No patient had the transurethral resection syndrome(TURS),All cases were followed up for 3 to 6 months,the clinical parameters pre-and postoperatively was respectively:Qmax(6.04±2.37)mL/s vs.(17.85±2.55) mL/s;RU(116.25±53.18)mL vs.(8.85±7.66)mL;IPSS(25.06±4.23)vs.(5.90± 1.91);QOL(4.85 ±0.65)vs.(1.71± 0.54).Conclusion The transurethral enucleation of prostate with the bipolar PKEP resects the proliferated prostate cleanly,had lesser bleeding and complication rates,had advantages of high safety,and satisfactory efficacy for the treatment of BPH more than 80 mL.

BACKGROUND:During fracture healing, in addition to the need for appropriate biomechanical environment, the role of cytokines is also increasingly attracted attention.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of nerve growth factor and alpha-lipoic acid on fracture healing in rat models of femoral fracture.
METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rat models of femoral fracture were established. Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, rats were intramuscularly injected with physiological saline. In the nerve growth factor group, rats were intramuscularly injected with nerve growth factor 200 ng/kg, once a day. In the combined therapy group, rats were intramuscularly injected with nerve growth factor 200 ng/kg and oral y taken alpha-lipoic acid 25 mg/kg, once a day. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks after administration, bony cal us volume was measured. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels. Western blot assay was utilized to detect bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression at the broken end of fracture. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to examine vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At 1 week after administration, no significant difference in bony cal us volume was detected among the three groups. Serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 level, bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor group and combined therapy group compared with the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the two groups. (2) At 2 weeks after administration, the amount of cal us, serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels, bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor group and combined therapy group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Above expression levels were higher in the combined therapy group than in the nerve growth factor group (P<0.05). (3) At 3 weeks after administration, serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels, bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the nerve growth factor group. However, above expression levels were stil high in the combined therapy group, and significantly higher than in the nerve growth factor group (P<0.05). (4) These results indicate that nerve growth factor combined with alpha-lipoic acid had better effects on the fracture healing compared with the nerve growth factor alone.

Objective To explore the value of non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) in pregnant women with intermediate risk after traditional Down syndrome screening. Methods From March 1 2015 to March 31 2016, a total of 2 949 pregnant women with intermediate risk after traditional Down syndrome screening who received NIPT as the second-line screening method at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital after informed consent were recruited for this study. Retrospective data analysis including the results of traditional Down syndrome screening, ultrasound, NIPT and invasive amniocentesis to fetal karyotype analysis were conducted, and pregnant outcomes were followed up. Results NIPT results were all obtained in 2 949 pregnant women with intermediate risk after traditional Down syndrome screening. Of 25 NIPT-positive cases, 24 cases received invasive amniocentesis to fetal karyotype analysis. Thirteen cases were confirmed with fetal chromosomal abnormalities including 5 cases of trisomy 21, 2 cases of trisomy 13, 4 cases of sex chromosomal abnormalities and 2 cases of other chromosomal abnormalities. In addition, 1 NIPT-positive case refused prenatal diagnosis was confirmed normal result after birth. The postnatal follow-up in NIPT-negative women did not find any newborn with chromosomal abnormality. The incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in women with intermediate risk was 0.44% (13/2 949). Conclusion NIPT can be used as second-line screening method in pregnant women with intermediate risk after Down syndrome screening, which could lead to the prenatal detection of a higher proportion of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and a lower invasive-testing rate.

Objective To explore the surgical types in fractures of the proximal femur by internal fixation. Methods One hundred and three cases of femoral peritrochanteric fracture underwent operation were studied retrospectively. According to AO classification, the cases of each type were treated by four methods of internal fixation: the cannulated compression screw, dynamic hip screw (DHS), anatomical plate and proximal femoral nail (PFN). Results All patients were followed up from 6 to 40 months. All fractures were healed. Complications occurred in 9 patients, including aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in 2, coax magna in 7. According to Sanders standard of function of joint, the final effect was satisfactory. Conclusion It is important to select different surgical types according the different peritrochanteric fracture separately.