Pedicle screw instrumentation has become the standard stabilization of the posterior lumbar spine.Loosening due to osteoporosis is the common reason for failure.Bone cement augmentation is regarded as an efficient way to enhance screw strength in osteoporotic bones.In this review,a brief introduction to the recent advances in researches on the biomechanics of the bone-screw interface,the pedicle screw augmentation technique and the materials of bone cement is presented.The paper emphasizes the significance of studies on the augmentation indications,vicariousness activity in osteoporosis sclerotin and the strength.

Objective To approach work pressure and its influencing factors in general surgical nurses. Methods 105 general surgical nurses were selected from 8 hospitals with stratification clus-tering randomization methods. The job stressor inventory,- personality scale, coping styles questionnaire and general state of health questionnaire were used to carry out investigation and the results underwent analysis. Results The main stressors came from the factor of workload and time allocation, then from nursing specialty and job. Working time more than 10 years, undergraduate degree or above, work shift, neuroticism, wrapping, avoidance, letting off were risk factors of work pressure in general surgical nurses. Age more than 40 years old, nurse and associate director, exotrophy, planning to solve the ques-tions, seeking social support, rational coping were protective factors of work pressure for nurses. Con-clusions The overall pressure level of general surgical nurses was moderate. We should cultivate favourable personality of nurses and positive coping styles in combination with their demography char-acters to prevent work pressure.

0.05),but all statistically distinguishable from fresh allografts(P

Objective To investigate the effect of predictive nursing on the living donor liver transplantation.Methods Forty patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation were divided into the intervention group and the control group with 20 patients in each group randomly.We gave routine nursing cooperation to the control group while predictive nursing besides routine nursing cooperation to the intervention group.The operation time,cold ischemia time of donor liver,nursing complication,cost of surgery and satisfaction degree of surgery cooperation were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,the operation time,cold ischemia time of donor liver,nursing complication,cost of surgery were all decreased,and the satisfaction degree of surgery cooperation was improved.Conclusions Predictive nursing can improve nursing operation quality,raise the efficiency of nursing and surgery,reduce the incidence of complication,which is beneficial to smooth progress of operation and increase satisfaction degree of doctors and nurses to nursing cooperation.

ObjectiveTo comprehend the similarities and differences of postoperative quality of life between mastectomie avec dissection axillaire and modified radical mastectomy among patients with breast cancer,and in order to supply references for establishing corresponding nursing measures. Methods160patients with early breast cancer were selected,40 patients accepted the mastectomie avec dissection axillaire (the conservative group)and 120 patients accepted modified radical mastectomy (the radical group).The quality of life of patients was surveyed with questionnaires. ResultsThe EORTC QLQ-C30 score of the conservative group was not significant than the radical group.The EORTC QLQ-BR 23 score showed that the conservative group had a better self-evaluation of their configuration. ConclusionsThe patients who accepted the mastectomie avec dissection axillaire will live a better life than those who accepted modified radical mastectomy.

OBJECTIVE：To explore the possible mechanism of astragalus in improving cardiac function.METHODS：To observe the effects of astragalus,added to basic anti-heart-failure therapy,on cardiac function and TNF in 45 cases of thronic heart failure.RESULTS：In comparison with basic therapy group,the improvement of cardiac function was more obvious and the level of serum TNF-α was lower in astragalus group.CONCLUSION：Astragalus probably has the action of decreasing TNF resulting in improvement of cardiac function.

Objective To approach the treatment of open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate of anatomic type was applied for calcaneua fracture involving talocalcaneal joint. Methods Twenty-eight patients (36 feet) were performed with open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate of anatomic type from April 2004 to November 2007. The Bohler angle, the Gissane angle and the length, breadth, height of calcaneus were compared before and after operation. Results The patients were followed up in an average period of 20 months. All the patients were healed and their arches became normal. The average data of Bohler angle was 19.89°±1.28° after operation while -6.23°±0.35°before operation. The average height of calcaneus was (42.80±2.49) mm after operation while (36.10±2.38) mm before operation. Conclusions The treatment of open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate of anatomic type is a kind of good method for calcaneus fracture involving talocalcaneal joint. It can not only resume the Bolder angle and the Gissane angle,but also resume the, breadth, height of calcaneus. As a result, it can achieve anatomical reduction and patients can do exercises as soon as possible.

AIM: To study the role of liver in immune regulation in experimental endotoxemia. METHODS: 17 castrated male goats were subjected to simultaneously installing catheters in jugular, hepatic and portal veins by surgery. Four days later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused in term of three groups as followings: In group ①, LPS of 20 EU (endotoxin unit, EU)?kg -1 was infused into portal vein; In group ②, LPS of 20 EU?kg -1 was infused into jugular vein and LPS of 1 500 EU?kg -1 infused into jugular vein in group ③. Before and after infusion, blood samples were collected from the three veins through the catheters for 8 h. The plasma levels of TNF-? were measured by RIA. RESULTS: In group ①, the plasma TNF-? levels of hepatic and portal vein rose to peak value at 5 h, but that of the jugular vein did not changed. In group ②, the plasma TNF-? levels in hepatic vein rose to peak value at 3 h. The TNF-? levels of jugular vein rose to peak value at 1 h and the one in portal vein enhanced continuously between 0-8 h. In group ③, the plasma TNF-? levels in jugular, hepatic and portal vein rose to significant peaks at 1 h simultaneously. CONCLUSION: During experimental endotoxemia,liver showed different dynamic characteristics in TNF-? secretion according to the pathway and doses of LPS delivery. [

To compare the expression level of metastasis associated-1 (MTA1) gene in high and low metastatic human osteosarcoma cell lines and examine the relationship of MTA1 expression and the metastasis potentiality of osteosarcoma cells, the expression of MTA1 in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell lines with high and low metastasis potential was detected by semiquantitative TR-PCR. Boyden chamber invasion assay was used to evaluate the invasive capacity in vitro in two osteosarcoma cell lines. The low metastasis MG-63 cells were transfected with MTA1 full-length cDNA expression plasmid by lipofectamine and the changes of MTA1 expression and in vitro invasion potential were examined after the transfection. Our results showed that MG63 cell line with high metastasis potential expressed significantly higher MTA1 than that of MG63 cells with low metastasis as reavealed by RT-PCR. The invasion potential of low metastasis MG63 cell line was increased after MTA1 gene transfection. It is concluded that there may be a relationship between MTA 1 and invasive potentiality of human osteosarcoma cells, and the mechanism of MTA1 in osteosarcoma metastasis and its possible role in associated gene therapy deserve further study.
Bone Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Histone Deacetylases/*biosynthesis ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteosarcoma/*metabolism ; Osteosarcoma/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective: To investigate HDAC5 expression in gastric cancer cell lines and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of the gastric cancer line SGC-7901. Methods: The expression patterns of HDAC5 and Twist1 in gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric mucosal cells were detected by Western blot. The effects of HDAC5 and Twist1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The expression of HDAC5 and Twist1 in gastric cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosal cells (P<0.05). HDAC5 knockdown significantly down-regulated Twist1 expression,inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells, whereas HDAC5 overexpression exhibited an opposite effect (P<0.05). Moreover, Twist1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion:HDAC5 may promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by upregulating Twist1 expression, thus promoting the initiation and development of gastric cancer.