Background BackgroundMeningothelial cells (MECs) are major cell type in the meningeal sheath around optic nerve,which form a fluid barrier between optic nerve and the cerebral spinal fluid.The impairment of the cerebral fluid-optic nerve barrier probably affects the balance of cerebral fluid components.Currently,the investigation on the role of MECs in neuropathy is less performed.Objective This study attempted to explore hypoxia-induced function changes of MECs,and to shed a new clus for the future research of optic nerve disorders.Methods Human MECs strains were cultured in vitro and cell suspension was prepared with the cell densities of 2.5 ×103/hole,5.0× 103/hole and 1 x 104 /hole,respectively.The suspensions of 100 μl were separately collected to incubate in 96-well plates and cultivated for 2 days in 21％ O2(normoxia group) or 1％ O2(hypoxia group).MTS was used to detect and compare the proliferative value (A490) of MECs between the normoxia group and the hypoxia group.The changes of MECs diameter and volume were measured by CASY1 assay.ATP product in the cells after MECs exposed to different oxygen environments with or without substrate (100 mmol/L pyruvate and 100 mmol/L malate) for 1,2 days were assayed by Luminometer method.The expression and distribution of cytochrome C in the cells of the normoxia group and the hypoxia group were determined by immunofluorescence.Results A490 of MECs in the 2.5× 103/hole,5.0× 103/hole and 1 × 104/hole were 0.399±0.009,0.393±0.009 and 0.496±0.026 in the hypoxia group,which were lower than 0.424±0.131,0.413±0.111 and 0.537±0.021 in the normoxia group (t =3.777,P =0.004 ; t =3.251,P =0.009 ; t =3.037,P =0.013).Compared with the normoxia group,the diameter and volume were significantly increased in the hypoxia group ([20.970 ±0.127] μm vs.[21.198 ±0.048] μm,t =-3.762,P=0.006; [5805±73] fl vs.[6026±106] fl,t=-4.124,P=0.002).ATP products were (0.900±0.225)mmol/(L· g) and (0.952± 0.075) mmol/(L · g) in the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+substrate group,which were significantly lower than (1.389±0.145) mmol/(L · g) and (1.401±0.122) mmol/(L · g) in the normoxia group and the normoxia +substrate group (P =0.001,0.002,0.001).Immunofluorescense staining showed that the green fluorescence of cytochrome C located at mitochondria of MECs in the normoxia group,but in the hypoxia group,cytochrome C distributed in the cytoplasm extensively.Conclusions Hypoxia induces malfunction of MECs,which might impact the intact of the cerebral spinal fluid-optic nerve barrier and therefore influence the microenvironment of the subarachnoid space and neuronal function.

AIM : To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby.METHODS: Using Diamonsil C_(18) (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) as analytical column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% phosphoric acid ( B ) with gradient elution : 0～18rain,83%～80% B; 18～30 min,80%～86% B.The detection wavelength of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside was at 254 nm and 281 nm,respectively.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; Column temperature was at 35 ℃.RESULTS: A better separating effect was obtained with the HPLC gradient elution method.The linear calibration curve of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside were obtained in the concentration range of 1.00～48.00 μg/mL( r =0.999 3 ) and 0.64 ～ 40.72 μg/mL( r = 0.999 8 ),respectively.CONCLUSION : The HPLC method is accurate,simple and can be used to determine the contents of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby simultaneously.

AIM:To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby.METHODS:Using Diamonsil C_ 18(4.6 mm ?250 mm,5?m)as analytical column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A)and 0.1% phosphoric acid(B)with gradient elution:0~18 min,83%~80%B;18~30 min,80%~86%B.The detection wavelength of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside was at 254 nm and 281 nm,respectively.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;Column temperature was at 35 ℃.RESULTS :A better separating effect was obtained with the HPLC gradient elution method.The linear calibration curve of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside were obtained in the concentration range of 1.00~48.00 ?g/mL(r=0.999 3)and 0.64~40.72 ?g/mL(r=0.999 8),respectively.CONCLUSION:The HPLC method is accurate,simple and can be used to determine the contents of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby simultaneously.

Objective To improve the quality of teaching, conduct the examination mode reform of the course Fundamental Nursing among undergraduate students, and explore a reasonable and fair appraisal mechanism. Methods Taking a class of 2013 consisting of 160 undergraduates majored in nursing as an experimental group, reform the content, method and evaluation method and implement them in the fundamentals of nursing examination. In addition, compile a self- made questionnaire to investigate the feedback effect of carrying out the assessment model. Meanwhile, take 151 nursing undergraduates in grade 2012 as a historical control group, and conduct the statistical analysis with the overall rating scores of the experimental group. Results After the reform was carried out, 91.82 percent (146/159) of the students holded the view that it was necessary to reform, 86.16 percent (137/159) were satisfied with the evaluation reform, 84.91 percent (135/159) agreed on the spreading of the reformed examination pattern to other courses, and percentage of students′passing the exam reached 98.75 percent (158/160). The difference of the course assessment overall achievement between the experimental group and control group, was statistically significant (Z=-2.62, P < 0.01). Conclusions The reform of the examination mode will achieve the harmonious unification of teaching, learning, exam, improve the quality of teaching and promote the realization of the talent training goal.

This paper established policy framework and plan of higher education of rehabilitation (HER) in China, and analyzed the content of HER, including the integrated education system for HER, multiple disciplines and specialties system, and certification and accreditation system for rehabilitation workforce. Five recommendations had been made for HER development.

Objective To investigate the value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCEUS) in combination with three-dimension (3D) contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of benign or malignant gastric ulceration. Methods A total of 47 patients with gastric lesions were enrolled in this study. All have the pathological results, 22 of them were benign ulceration and 25 were malignant. All patients underwent DCEUS and 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound. On the basis of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound agents, intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound agents were given at the same time. Images and data were recorded. The arrival time (AT), time to peak (TTP), infusion time (IT), baseline intensity (BI), peak intensity (PI) and enhanced intensity (EI) were calculated using the time-intensity curve (TIC). Results All benign ulcerations were imaged as small pits with slight thicken of gastric wall [(8.66±2.87) mm] using DCEUS,while malignant lesions were relatively large irregular-shape, unevenly-bottom pits with significant thicken of gastric wall [(13.98±3.63)~(20.83±3.69) mm]. 3D-DCEUS images were analyzed for gastric mucosal folds, ulceration lesions, as well as local vascularity. All ulceration lesions showed broken of gastric mucosal folds, and malignant lesion showed thickness of gastric wall as“crater”, with rich and irregular vascularity. There were no statistical differences between benign gastric ulcerations and adjacent normal gastric wall (P>0.05). Malignant gastric ulceration were compared with adjacent normal gastric wall tissue, TTP, IT and BI had no statistical differences (P>0.05), while AT, PI, and EI had statistical differences [(9.00±2.02) s vs (10.90±2.75) s, P=0.008], [(35.46±5.77) dB vs (29.73±8.72) dB, P=0.009] and [(30.76±5.76) dB vs (23.45±6.84) dB, P=0.000]. PI and EI in malignant tumors were higher than those in benign ones (P<0.05). Conclusion DCEUS could be a new method in differentiating benign and malignant gastric ulceration, which can get both the anatomy and perfusion information of gastric wall as well as lesions. 3D-DCEUS can improve the quality of the conventional ultrasound image.

AIM: To establish the quality standards for Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum. METHODS: TLC was used to identify ferulic acid and ligustilide and HPLC to determine the content of ferulic acid and ligustil-ide. HPLC was performed on a Diamonsil ODS-C_(18) analytical column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elu-tion(0-15 min, 38%A; 15-20 min, 38%A-70%A; 20-40 min, 70%A; 40-45 min, 70%A-38%A) of methanol (A, containing 0.4% glacial acetic) and 0.4% glacial acetic acid(B) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode array detection wavelength was set at 323 nm and the column temperature was at 35℃. RESULTS: The linear range of ferulic acid and ligustilide were from 1.008 μg/mL to 10.08 μg/mL and 9.985 μg/mL to 99.85 μg/mL,the average recoveries of both were 98.11% and 101.61%, RSD were 1.58% and 1.32%. CONCLUSION: The method is rapid, simple and accurate with high reproducibility and can be used to control the quality of Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum.

AIM: To establish the quality standards for Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum. METHODS: TLC was used to identify ferulic acid and ligustilide and HPLC to determine the content of ferulic acid and ligustilide.HPLC was performed on a Diamonsil ODS-C_18 analytical column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with gradient elution(0-15 min,38%A;15-20 min,38%A70%A;20-40 min,70%A;40-45 min,70%A-38%A) of methanol(A,containing 0.4% glacial acetic) and 0.4% glacial acetic acid(B) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The diode array detection wavelength was set at 323 nm and the column temperature was at 35 ℃. RESULTS: The linear range of ferulic acid and ligustilide were from 1.008 ?g/mL to 10.08 ?g/mL and 9.985 ?g/mL to 99.85 ?g/mL,the average recoveries of both were 98.11% and 101.61%,RSD were 1.58% and 1.32%.CONCLUSION: The method is rapid,simple and accurate with high reproducibility and can be used to control the quality of Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum.

Objective: To investigate the effect of knee-chest position on exhaust and defecation of gynecologic diseases patients after laparoscopic surgery. Methods: This quasi-experiment trail was conducted between July 2016 to May 2017, in a birth control ward at an obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Beijing, China. The study included a total of 258 patients who had gynecological benign diseases and received gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Participants were recruited in the trail by using a convenient sampling method with 130 patients who received gynecological laparoscopic surgery from July 2016 to December 2016 in the experimental group (on the basis of routine care, patients preformed a knee-chest position intervention after 6 hours of the surgery) and 128 patients who received gynecologic laparoscopic surgery between January 2017 and May 2017 in the control group (patients received a routine care). The primary end point was the postoperative anal exhaust. Results: The ambulation rate before post-operative ventilation of the experimental group was 21.5% (28/130) less than that of the control group (91.4%, 117/128). The difference was statistically significant (χ²=127.903, P<0.01). The incidence of abdominal distension after operation was 0, lower than that of the control group 7.0% (9/128), the difference was statistically significant (χ²=9.471, P<0.01). The postoperative exhaust time and defecation time of the experimental group was (8.17 ± 2.88) h,(27.86 ± 4.29) h, earlier than that of the control group, (21.24 ± 5.90) h,(38.69 ± 7.73) h, and the differences were statistically significant (t=22.580, 13.885, P<0.01). Conclusions Postoperative knee-chest position significantly improved the exhaust and defecation of patients with gynecological benign disease after laparoscopic surgery.

In the past 20 years,the development of artificial intelligence has made rapid progress,and it is increasingly applied in the medical field,including medical image-assisted diagnosis and treatment,health management,disease risk prediction and so on.In this paper,the application status of artificial intelligence-assisted detection and diagnosis system based on deep learning in anorectal diseases is summarized,and the new methods related to the diagnosis and treatment of anorectal diseases at home and abroad are summarized.It mainly reviews the research progress of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis and treatment of anal fistula,perianal abscess,hemorrhoids and other anorectal diseases.