Background Acute carbon monoxide poisoning is now one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in occupational and non-occupational poisoning in China, and become a serious public health problem. Understanding the current and predicting the future disease burden of carbon monoxide poisoning are essential for adopting effective disease prevention and control strategies in the future. Objective To understand the burden of disease of carbon monoxide poisoning in China from 1990 to 2019 and predict the trend of morbidity and mortality in the following decade to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning in China. Methods The incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) rates of carbon monoxide poisoning in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD2019). Time trend analysis of the burden of disease for carbon monoxide poisoning was performed using Joinpoint 5.0.2 software, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) and their 95%CIs were calculated. Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) and Nordpred age-period-cohort model were used in R 4.3.3 to predict the disease burden of carbon monoxide poisoning among Chinese residents in 2020—2029. Results An overall increasing trend of the age-standardized incidence rate of carbon monoxide poisoning in China from 1990 to 2019 was observed and AAPC=1.05%, of which the AAPC for women was 0.90% and that for men was 1.16%. An overall decreasing trend of the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALYs from 1990 to 2019 was observed and the AAPC for males or females was <0. the results of the BAPC model expected that an increasing trend from 2020 to 2029 in age-standardized morbidity rate (females: 18.85/100 000 in 2020 to 19.12/100,000 in 2029; males: 22.51/100 000 in 2020 to 22.60/100 000 in 2029); and a decreasing trend in age-standardized mortality rate (females: 0.70/100,000 in 2020 to 0.52/100 000 in 2029; males: 1.13/100 000 in 2020 to 0.97/100 000 in 2029). The results of the Nordpred age-period-cohort model showed similar trends, suggesting that the results were stable. Conclusion Carbon monoxide poisoning caused a serious burden of disease in the Chinese population during the period 1990—2019, with adolescents and middle-aged and elderly people being the most affected groups. Subsequent projections have shown an upward trend in age-standardized incidence rates and numbers of cases, so we still need to deepen the implementation of prevention and treatment of the occurrence and development of carbon monoxide poisoning, and to reduce the harm it causes to the population.

Objective:To observe the changes in bone mineral density and microstructure parameters in sclerostin (SOST) gene knockout (SOST -/-) mice after ovariectomy. Methods:Twelve 4-week-old SOST knockout mice were randomly divided into two groups ( n=6): ovariectomized group (SOV), sham operated group (SSO). Twelve wild-type mice were randomly divided into two groups ( n=6): wild-type ovariectomized group (WTO), wild-type sham operated group (WTS). Twelve weeks later, mice were sacrificed and one lumbar vertebra of each mouse was selected for micro-CT analysis. The bone mineral density, trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were observed and compared in the 4 groups. Results:There was no difference in bone mineral density, trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness between SOV and SSO groups. Bone mineral density, trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness in SOV and SSO groups were significantly higher than those in WTO and WTS groups ( P<0.001). Bone mineral density, trabecular volume fraction and trabecular number in WTO group were significantly lower than those in WTS group ( P=0.017, 0.039, 0.021, respectively). There was no difference in trabecular thickness between WTO and WTS groups. Conclusions:Sclerostin knockout mice showed high bone mass, and ovariectomy did not lead to bone loss and bone microstructure degeneration, which indicates that slerostin is a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective: To observe the changes in bone mineral density and microstructure parameters in sclerostin (SOST) gene knockout mice treated with glucocorticoid. Methods: 12 4-week-old SOST knockout mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=6): methylprednisolone intervention group [SOM group, methylprednisolone 3 mg/(kg·d), subcutaneous injection], placebo group (SOS group, isovolumetric saline subcutaneous injection). 12 wild-type mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=6): wild-type placebo group (WTS group, isovolumetric saline subcutaneous injection), wild methylprednisolone intervention group [WTM group, methylprednisolone 3 mg/(kg·d), subcutaneous injection]. 12 weeks later, mice were sacrificed and one lumbar vertebra of each mouse was selected for micro-CT analysis. Results: There was no difference in bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness between SOM and SOS groups (P>0.05). BMD, trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness in SOM and SOS groups were significantly higher than those in WTS and WTM groups (P<0.05). BMD, trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness in WTM group were significantly lower than those in WTS group (P<0.05). Conclusions Sclerotin gene knockout mice can resist glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and bone microarchitectural deterioeration. The treatment of osteoporosis with SOST/sclerotin as a target will be an effective method in the future.

Objective To observe the early reperfusion therapy status for patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) hospitalized in tertiary and secondary hospitals in Henan province.Methods Baseline data, early reperfusion treatment and in-hospital mortality of STEMI patients hospitalized in 17 hospitals in Henan province (8 tertiary hospitals, 9 secondary hospitals) from June 2011 to June 2012 were obtained using a uniformed questionnaire.Results One thousand six hundred and eighty six patients were enrolled, of which 886 patients were hospitalized in tertiary hospitals and 880 patients were early hospitalized in secondary hospitals.Six hundred and fifty four patients (38.8％, 654/1 686) underwent early reperfusion therapy (543 with thrombolysis and 111 with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)).There was no difference in the proportion of early reperfusion therapy between tertiary and secondary hospitals (40.1％ (355/886) vs.37.4％ (299/800), P =0.257).The median time from symptom onset to first medical contact, door-to-needle and door-to-balloon was 132 min, 18 min and 60 min, respectively.The median time from symptom onset to first medical contact (150 min vs.120 min, P =0.001), door-to-needle (30 min vs.18 min, P =0.003) and symptom onset-to-thrombolysis (3.5 h vs.2.7 h, P =0.001) were significantly longer in tertiary hospitals than in secondary hospitals.No difference was found in median time of door-to-balloon, symptom onset-to-primary PCI or symptom onset-to-elected PCI between tertiary and secondary hospitals (all P ＞0.05).The proportion of door-to-needle≤30 min was lower in tertiary hospitals than in secondary hospitals (46.4％ (84/181) vs.62.2％ (153/246), P =0.001).However, there was no difference in the proportion of door-to-balloon ≤90 min between tertiary and secondary hospitals (58.8％ (60/102) vs.57.1％ (4/7), P =1.000).In-hospital mortality was also similar between tertiary and secondary hospitals (5.8％ (51/886) vs.5.5％ (44/800), P =0.820).Conclusions Early reperfusion rate is low, and thrombolysis is the main early reperfusion therapy in both tertiary and secondary hospitals in Henan province.Tertiary hospitals did not take advantage of their primary PCI capability.There is great room for improvement in early reperfusion therapy in tertiary and secondary hospitals.